1、雅思（阅读）模拟试卷 16 及答案与解析 一、 Reading Module (60 minutes) 1 REAING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Indias Modern Women The countrys younger generation is shedding submissive attitudes, wants careers, and longs for wealth. And marke
2、ters are paying attention. When the first American music videos and popular TV shows began appearing in Indian homes in the early 1990s thanks to satellite and cable, many pundits predicted Indian society would never be the same. For the first time, female viewers saw independent, successful women a
3、nd fun, sensitive guys. Sex and divorce were openly discussed in these TV imports and couples kissed passionately then still a taboo in Indian TV shows and movies. Indeed, the impact on younger generations of Indian women has been profound. Whereas Indian women traditionally have been submissive to
4、parents and husbands and valued frugality and modesty, a number of sociological studies show that young Indian females now prize financial independence, freedom to decide when m marry and have children, and glamorous careers. A generation back, women would sacrifice themselves and believed in saving
5、. Today, it is spend, spend, spend. It is O.K. for a woman to want something for herself, and people will accept it if she goes out into a mans world making a statement. Because todays young women are the key consumer group of tomorrow, these shifts have big implications for marketing companies. And
6、 the trends come out clearly in two recent studies. One study examined 3400 unmarried women aged 19-22 of different income and social levels. Altogether, the project involved 40 focus groups in five large urban areas and five smaller cities. In some cases, the researchers lived with the women for a
7、while to study them more closely. 7he researchers supplemented this data with interviews of journalists, teachers, and psychologists. Among the findings: Guilt-free materialism. 51% of young single women in major urban areas say its necessary to have a big house and big car to be happy. In smaller c
8、ities, 86% agreed with this statement. This shows that the less women have, the greater are their aspirations. One woman interviewed was making just $200 a year but said she wants to own a jet plane. A typical comment in recent interviews was, I want money, fame and SUCCESS. Parental ties. Tradition
9、ally, parents regarded girls as somebody elses future property. They arranged marriages for their daughters, and then the daughters would go away and take care of their in-laws, so parents needed and doted on sons. However, todays young women are rebelling against that. 67% say they plan to take car
10、e of their parents into their old age and that means they need money. The company Unilever played on that sentiment with a recent controversial but successful ad for its Fair and Lovely line of beauty products. A daughter came home and found that her parents had no sugar for coffee because they coul
11、dnt afford it. She became an airline hostess after using the Fair and Lovely products to make her beautiful. She then visited her parents and took them to a first-class restaurant. Marital freedom. Now many women say theyll marry when ready not when their parents decide to marry them off. 65% say da
12、ting is essential, and they also want to become financially independent before they marry. 76% say they want to maintain that independence afterward. 60% say theyll decide how to spend their own salaries. Whats mote, 76% say theyll decide when to have children. They now regard this as the womans dec
13、ision completely. In big metro areas, 24% say they never want children, and that number reaches 40% in smaller cities. Individualism. Female role models in Indian culture used to personify perfections. Now, 62% of girls say its O.K. if they have faults and that people see them. They dont want to be
14、seen as Mrs. Perfect. Popular TV role models are like Phoebe in Friendswomen who commit blunders. Careerism. A decade ago, most young women saw themselves as housewives. After that, most said they wanted to be teachers or doctors. If they had a profession at all, it had to be a noble cause. Now, it
15、is about glamour, money, and fame. A surprising 45% of young single females say they would like to be journalists. This may be because prominent female Indian journalists, especially TV reporters, are seen as very glamorous. Another 39% say they would like to be managers, 38% are interested in desig
16、n, and 20% think they want to be teachers. Interestingly, 13% say they would like to be in the military. The percentage of those saying they want to be a full-time housewife was minuscule. Modern husbands. The relationship with the husband used to be one of awe. Now, women want a partner and a relat
17、ionship of equals. A recent Whirlpool ad shows a man washing the family clothes before his wife comes home from work, while a Samsung home-appliance ad shows a husband and wife cooking together. 1 Questions 1-4 The text refers to 6 main findings when young Indian women were surveyed. Which finding c
18、ontains each of the following pieces of information? 1 Young Indian women who want more tend to be poorer. 2 Few young Indian women want to be housewives. 3 Most young Indian women want to take care of their retired parents. 4 Most young Indian women want to be financially independent. 5 Questions 5
19、-8 Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text. 5 _ are freely talked about on American TV shows. 6 Young women are considered to be the futures most important _ by many companies. 7 Most young Indian women surveyed agree that _ before marriage is necessary. 8 In th
20、e past, young Indian women who wanted careers were most likely to consider teaching or becoming doctors because each of these is considered to be _. 9 Questions 9-13 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? TRUE if the information in the text agrees with the
21、 statement FALSE if the information in the text contradicts the statement NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 9 The effect of American culture on young Indian women was not forecast when satellite and cable TV arrived in India. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 10 Researchers used three methods to
22、 get their data. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 11 Most young Indian women are aiming for perfection. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 12 Most of the best journalists on TV in India are women. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 13 Modem men and women in India cook together. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 14 READING PASSA
23、GE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below. Childhood Obesity A If a child becomes obese their body processes can change. Some of these may be difficult or even impossible to alter in adulthood. Fat cells are created in the first few years o
24、f life. If fat is stored quickly, more fat cells are created. So an obese child can have up to three times as many as a normal child. Eventually, fat cells stop multiplying and an adult has a fixed number fur the rest of their life. The existing cells simply swell or shrink to accommodate more fat.
25、The amount of fat the body wants to store is thought to be proportional to the total number of fat cells. So if you were overweight as a child, your body is programmed to carry more fat. This doesnt mean that you cant lose weight through diet and exercise, but it will be harder. B Few health problem
26、s are observed in obese children, but they may develop conditions that cause problems later in life, such as high blood pressure. They may also suffer from sleep apnoea. When this happens, soft tissue in the throat blocks the airways during sleep. This can stop their breathing for up to a minute. Th
27、is process can happen hundreds of times a night, leading to heart discard, memory problems, headaches and tiredness. Some obese children may develop diabetes. Normally this condition only starts much later in life. When it strikes, the body stops being able to process sugar properly and the cells ar
28、e starved of energy. Diabetes cannot be cured, but it can be treated. It may lead to problems such as nerve damage, heart disease, kidney disease and blindness. Children with this condition will have to live with it all their lives, increasing the chance of problems. C Negative body image can cause
29、depression and social problems overweight children are often teased. Low self-esteem may not directly affect physical health, but it is actually the biggest problem obese children meet in everyday life. It may even lead to comfort eating (eating to feel good), making the situation even worse. If mod
30、ern-day culture placed less emphasis on the perfect body, than at least one set of problems associated with obesity would disappear. D Although the causes are not yet completely understood, it is clear to scientists that both genes and the environment play a role. The recent increase in obesity in m
31、any countries around the world seems to be linked to environmental factors. Firstly, many people are much less physically active nowadays. Secondly, fatty and sugary foods are more accessible to more people. Thirdly, average portion sizes have become larger as people have more food to eat and restau
32、rants, particularly fast food ones, serve larger portions for relatively little extra money. Fourthly, calories per mouthful of food have increased. E Traditionally, chidden all over the world have bean forced by their parents to finish all the fool that is on their plate. Dont force children to eat
33、 more when they say they are full otherwise they could lose their ability to naturally regulate what they eat. Wait a few minutes before serving a second portion of food at mealtimes. It takes some time for the messages that tell us we have had enough to eat to reach the brain. Another global tradit
34、ion is that of giving children their favourite food as a reward for good behaviour or good grades at school. Using food as a reward is never a heel idea because your child will learn to value these particular treat foods and may torn to food for comfort. Use non-food rewards instead they dont need t
35、o be large material rewards. One of the best motivators is praise! Dont tell your child off for being fat. Your child may already feel upset about their weight. Telling them off will only make them feel worse and may add to the problem if they then torn to food for comfort. Dont single oat your chil
36、d as the one with the problem. Introduce healthier meals to the whole family. This war, everyone can make healthy changes to their lifestyle. F It is net worth forbidding fattening foods, because forbidding certain foods can make them seem more attractive to children. Teach your child about the heal
37、th value of foods, particularly those that are rich in vitamins and nutrients. Make your home a healthy food zone. Fill up the fruit bowl instead of buying biscuits and crisps. Remember that your child is likely to model themselves on your behaviour, so choose healthy food options whenever possible.
38、 Offering e child a choice of food is generally not a good idea. Research has shown that when there is more choice available we tend to eat move. Even the sight or smell of tempting food can override the bodys natural mechanism of regulation so we eat when were not hungry. If you do decide to offer
39、your child a choice, hoop the options to an absolute minimum. G Weight management camps can be a good way to treat obesity. One of the problems is keeping off the weight that kids lose at such camps. If the child comes home and none of the family members have altered their eating habits, improvement
40、s may be difficult to sustain. Again, lead by example! An increasing number of parents ask their doctors about surgery (e.g. liposuction) to tackle obesity. If a child has massive obesity and his or key health is being put at serious risk, then all options have to be considered. Surgical treatments
41、have shown good results in adults, but there are serious risks. Performing surgery on children would raise some difficult issues. This option should really only be considered when all others have been exhausted. H Parents of even young children can make sure the family changes to a healthy lifestyle
42、 rather than targeting weight loss specifically. Children grow at different rates and many overweight children will grow out of it as they grow taller. Few treatments are targeted at children under the age of seven years. From age eight to 10, a child who is obese should have a medical evaluation to
43、 assess the severity of the problem. The older your child is, the less likely they are to grow out of it. A 15-year-old who is overweight is likely to remain so in adulthood. 14 Questions 14-17 The text has 8paragraphs (A-H). Which paragraph does each of the following headings best fit? 14 Feeling b
44、ad about yourself 15 Reducing weight 16 Age is a factor 17 Fat cells 18 Questions 18-22 According to the text, FIVE of the following statements are true. Write the corresponding letters in answer boxes 18 to 22 in any order. A Adults do not gain fat cells. B Diabetes is not a permanent problem for a
45、 person. C Low self-esteem is a major problem. D Being obese is generally considered to be partly genetic. E Messages about food requirement go from the stomach to the brain instantly. F Parents should take the lead by buying healthy foods. G Performing liposuction on children is a good idea. H Some
46、 young children appear overweight when they are short. 18 【 18】 _ 19 【 19】 _ 20 【 20】 _ 21 【 21】 _ 22 【 22】 _ 23 Questions 23-26 According to the information given in the text, choose the correct answer or answers from the choices given. 23 People suffering from obesity may suffer from _. （ A） sleep
47、 apnoea. （ B） diabetes. （ C） low blood pressure. 24 Environmental factors contributing to obesity include _. （ A） lack of exercise. （ B） larger portions of food at restaurants. （ C） comfort eating. 25 Bad things that parents do include _. （ A） using food as a reward. （ B） not telling children to fin
48、ish their dinners. （ C） waiting before serving second portions of food. 26 Forbidding foods is bad because children _. （ A） will want them even more. （ B） should be offered a choice of food. （ C） should be treated equally. 27 READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, wh
49、ich are based on Reading Passage 3 below. Learning about the past If the past is a foreign country, the version that used to be taught in Irish schools had a simple landscape. For 750 years after the first invasion by an English king, Ireland suffered oppression. Then at Easter 1916, her brave sons rose against the tyrant; their leaders were shot but their cause prevailed, and Ireland (or 26 of her 32 counties) lived happily ever alter. Awkward episodes, like th
