1、考研英语模拟试卷 108及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Karl Von Linne (or Linnaeus, as he is widely known) was a Swedish biologist who devised the system of Latinised scientific names fo
2、r living things that biologists use to this day. When he came to (1)_ people into his system, he put them into a group called Ho mo and Linnes hairless fellow humans are still known biologically as Homo sapiens. (2)_ the group originally had a second member, Homo troglodytes. It lived in Africa, and
3、 the pictures show it to be covered (3)_ hair. Modern (4)_ are not as generous as Linne in welcoming other species into Mans lofty (5)_, and the chimpanzee is now referred to (6)_ Pan troglodytes. But Pan or Homo, there is no (7)_ that chimps are humans nearest living relatives, and that if the secr
4、ets of what makes humanity special are ever to be (8)_, understanding why chimps are not people, nor people chimps, is a crucial part of the process. That, in turn, means looking at the DNA of the two species, (9)_ it is here that the (10)_ must originate. One half of the puzzle has been (11)_ for s
5、everal years: the human genome was published in 2001. The second has now been added, with the announcement in this weeks Nature (12)_ the chimpanzee genome has been sequenced as well. For those expecting (13)_ answers to age-old questions (14)_, the publication of the chimp genome may be something o
6、f an (15)_ There are no immediately obvious genes present in one, but not the other that account for such characteristic human (16)_ as intelligence or even hairlessness. And (17)_ there is a gene connected with language, known as FOXP2, it had already been discovered. But although the preliminary c
7、omparison of the two genomes (18)_ by the members of the Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium, the multinational team that generated the sequence, did not (19)_ any obvious nuggets of genetic gold, it does at least show where to look for (20)_. （ A） slot （ B） pledge （ C） plot （ D） scrutiniz
8、e （ A） And （ B） Or （ C） Thereby （ D） But （ A） by （ B） throughout （ C） with （ D） beyond （ A） demographers （ B） taxonomists （ C） chronologists （ D） psychologists （ A） subject （ B） dominion （ C） ideal （ D） species （ A） as （ B） in （ C） among （ D） without （ A） suspension （ B） suspicion （ C） rotation （ D）
9、 doubt （ A） disintegrated （ B） distracted （ C） deleted （ D） disentangled （ A） because of （ B） though （ C） for （ D） whereas （ A） disputes （ B） differences （ C） hunches （ D） humanities （ A） ruthless （ B） mediocre （ C） opaque （ D） available （ A） that （ B） where （ C） which （ D） in that （ A） instant （ B）
10、 instinctive （ C） constant （ D） intuitive （ A） too （ B） either （ C） though （ D） also （ A） panacea （ B） anticlimax （ C） zenith （ D） momentum （ A） defects （ B） merits （ C） flaws （ D） attributes （ A） while （ B） once （ C） when （ D） as if （ A） duplicated （ B） dwarfed （ C） made （ D） over lapped （ A） show
11、up （ B） turn up （ C） resort to （ D） tarn to （ A） him （ B） it （ C） them （ D） her Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 At last weekends consumer-electronics show in Las Vegas, digital convergence arrived with a
12、vengeance. Among the avalanche of new products were lots of mobile phones. Those fitted with digital cameras and camcorders are hardly new, but they now take even better pictures. Others can be used to play three-dimensional video games. Download movies, watch live TV (and record it during an incomi
13、ng call), operate home-security systems and listen to music files downloaded from the internet. More marvels are on the way. In the midst of this frenzy of new and unfamiliar gizmos, product features would seem to count for everything. But companies in the hypercompetitive electronics industry are d
14、iscovering something unexpected, and curious: brands matter almost as much as dazzling new technology. One of the clearest demonstrations of this is South Koreas Samsung Electronics, which made a big splash this year in Las Vegas. Samsung was once best known for making things like cheap microwave ov
15、ens. In the past few years it has transformed itself into one of the “coolest“ brands around, and is successfully selling stylish flat-screen TVs digital cameras and mobile phones. After a record-breaking year, it is poised to overtake Motorola as the worlds second-biggest maker of mobile phones. An
16、d it is snapping at the heels of Japans Sony for leadership in the consumer-electronics business. This would have seemed inconceivable a decade ago. But Samsung has proved that a combination of clever brand-building and well-designed, innovative products can work miracles. In such a competitive mark
17、et, a brand without good products will quickly fade. But the real surprise is that the opposite is also true. The market is crowded with firms with a few snazzy products, but week brands. To thrive and grow on the scale Samsung has achieved requires a strong brand, as well as innovative products. Ye
18、ars ago, when products did not change much and companies largely stuck to their knitting, American and European consumers faithfully bought cameras from Kodak, televisions from RCA and radios from Bush, because those brands represented a guarantee of quality. Then the Japanese got better at what the
19、y made. Now the South Koreans are doing the same. And yet with many American and European electronics companies making their gadgets in the same places, even sometimes the same factories, as their Asian competitors, the geography of production has become less important. Many consumers are now lookin
20、g for a guide through a bewildering array of choices. A strong brand offers such guidance. 21 The word “gizmos“(Paragraph 1) most probably means （ A） brands. （ B） functions. （ C） terminals. （ D） devices. 22 The case of Samsung Electronics demonstrates that （ A） Asian companies can also make a big sp
21、lash in competitive market. （ B） it is not easy for novel technology without a brand to gain a foothold. （ C） Dazzling new technology often creates sensation from time to time. （ D） it is hard for brands without good products to lost popularity with customers. 23 It can be inferred from the last par
22、agraph that （ A） the location of production carried much weight. （ B） brand has always exercised its decisive role. （ C） great changes used to take place in markets. （ D） a guarantee of quality equals a strong brand. 24 The word “snazzy“(Paragraph 3) probably means （ A） fake. （ B） conventional. （ C）
23、 inviting. （ D） digital. 25 According to the text a well-established brand can serve as （ A） a judge. （ B） a critic. （ C） a guide. （ D） a critic. 26 “We find that the fleeting uses of the words penis, vaginal, ass, bastard and bitch uttered in the context of the programs cited in the complaints, do
24、not render the material patently offensive under contemporary community standards for the broadcast medium.“ Making decisions like this is one of the more thankless tasks of Americas media regulator, the Federal Communications Commission. Since 1927 the FCC has tried to protect children from “indece
25、ncy“ sexual content and swear words on broadcast television and radio. Under pressure from social conservatives, Americas politicians are now threatening to extend indecency regulation further. If they get their way, not just broadcast television and radio but cable and satellite TV, and possibly sa
26、tellite radio, would be monitored by the FCC for indecency. Americas media firms have been shaken by this threat. Every society, of course, has the right to protect children from adult material. But increasing censorship by the central government is the wrong way to go about this. A wiser course wou
27、ld be to eliminate the governments role and rely more on parents. Fortunately, changes in technology and the media industry itself now make this approach more feasible than ever. Television has changed beyond recognition since indecency rules were first imposed. In 1978 the Supreme Court upheld the
28、FCCs right to punish indecency on the grounds that broadcasters had what it called a “uniquely pervasive presence in the lives of all Americans.“ Back then, that was a plausible argument. But with television fragmenting in to so many outlets such unique pervasiveness no longer prevails. Over four-fi
29、fths of American households, for instance, subscribe to cable or satellite television. They are just as likely to be watching one of the hundreds of cable channels they have at home as one of the main six broadcast networks. With so much choice, avoiding the indecent is easier than it was 30 years a
30、go when most people had only three channels. At the same time, new technology now allows families to filter the television they receive. Cable and satellite TV come with set-top boxes that can screen out individual channels. Digital cable set-top boxes are particularly precise, and allow parents to
31、block individual programmes at the touch of a button on their remote control. Every new television set sold in America since 2000 is equipped with a “v-chip“, a blocking device that Bill Clinton forced on the media industry in 1996. It is only thanks to the v-chip and set-top boxes, in fact, that ch
32、ildren get any protection from violence, since the FCC regulates only sex and bad language. America is the only country where blocking technology is already in the vast majority of homes, thanks to the ubiquity of pay television. But it is likely soon to be available elsewhere as well. 26 The unique
33、 function of up-to-date technological devices lies in its （ A） capability of keeping the young from violence. （ B） context of contemporary community. （ C） complaints of programs. （ D） standards for the broadcast media. 27 It is implied in the second paragraph that （ A） indecency regulation has been
34、successfully carried out. （ B） the majority of Americas media firms would stick to the indecency regulation faithfully. （ C） some of cable and satellite TV will be exempt from being supervised by FCC. （ D） the indecency regulation is not applicable to satellite radio for the time being. 28 The autho
35、r, according to the text, seems to （ A） advocate less intervention by FCC. （ B） suggest the threat caused by the Central government. （ C） highlight the right to protect children. （ D） summarize the effect of the governments role. 29 The scarcity of TV selection according to the text （ A） changes the
36、 indecency rules imposed in 1978. （ B） posed a great challenge to averting indecency. （ C） was confirmed by the Supreme Court. （ D） still prevails in the lives of most American. 30 It is implied in the last paragraph that （ A） families can filter the television they receive with the help of new tech
37、nology. （ B） individual channels do no harm to children. （ C） rumor has it that v-chip is bound to be ubiquitous the world over in no time. （ D） the White House made a mandate concerning the application of a novel technology to media purification. 31 Women account for almost half the workforce in we
38、stern countries, and the lower ranks of many big companies reflect that ratio. But at the top of the corporate ladder it is a different story. For every ten men in the executive suite there is one woman, a ratio that has changed little since the term “the glass ceiling“ was coined two decades ago to
39、 de scribe the barrier that allows women to see the top of the corporate ladder, but seems to stop them from reaching it. Despite much discussion, and efforts by both womens and business groups to break that barrier down, the worlds biggest companies are still almost exclusively run by men. Yet, at
40、the same time, a growing number of those companies have become convinced that it makes good business sense to have more women in their executive suite. Hardnosed male bastions such as ABB, BP and General Electric have renewed their efforts to help women reach the higher levels, not out of any sense
41、of corporate social responsibility but because they genuinely believe that it is good for their profits. Research from America, Britain and Scandinavia supports their view, showing a strong correlation between share holder returns and the proportion of women in the higher executive echelons. While t
42、his does not establish a causal relationship, it does suggest that a corporate culture which fosters womens careers can also foster profitability. Many firms are worried about the coming demographic squeeze that threatens to re duce the supply of qualified men. A few think that women have a unique c
43、ontribution to make in running modern firms. They are often better at team-building and communications, for example, an advantage in a corporate world that is today increasingly characterized more by informal networks than by ordered cohorts. IBM is convinced that it ran into trouble in the early 19
44、90s partly because its blue suited, like-minded top male executives failed to see the implications of changes in the computer industry. It has sought to diversify its workforce at all levels ever since, and promoting women has been a big part of this effort. Diverse groups are acknowledged to be bet
45、ter at spotting threats coming from unlikely direction. Some of the most enthusiastic promoters of women Hewlett-Packard and Alcan, as well as IBM have had considerable success in achieving this in a relatively short period of time. But the vast majority of firms have not. What can they do? 31 It ca
46、n be inferred from the opening paragraph that （ A） womens barrier has been a hot topic. （ B） most men are afflicted with “the glass ceiling“. （ C） people have long noticed the problem in womens promotion. （ D） womens and business groups have been striving for the promotion equality. 32 The attempts
47、to foster womens career made by General Electric are motivated by （ A） its interest in lucrative business. （ B） its conventional work-moral values. （ C） its decline during the Depression years. （ D） its anxiety over social progress. 33 The term “echelons“(Paragraph 2) most probably means （ A） compla
48、ints. （ B） efforts. （ C） ranks. （ D） prospects. 34 Which of the following is not mentioned in the text？ （ A） Females are often emotional as well as self-centred. （ B） The worlds biggest firms are still managed by male executives. （ C） A corporate culture has something to do with the profitability of
49、 a firm. （ D） It is generally believed that diverse groups are conducive to finding out potential danger. 35 It is implied in the last paragraph that （ A） great changes have taken place in the field of computer. （ B） the workforce has been simplified to avoid potential dangers. （ C） threats from diverse groups have been acknowledged to achieve remarkable feats. （ D） promoting women has yet to be high on the agenda of most companies. 36 As usual, Americas Supreme C
