1、考研英语模拟试卷 146及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 How strange is the lot of us (1)_! Each of us is here for a brief sojourn; for what purpose he knows not, though he sometimes think
2、s he senses it. But without deeper (2)_ one knows from daily life that one exists for other people first of all for those upon whose smiles and well-being our own happiness is wholly (3)_, and then for the many unknown (4)_ us, (5)_ destinies we are bound by the ties of sympathy. A hundred times eve
3、ry day I remind myself (6)_ my inner and outer life (7)_ the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure (8)_ I have received and am still receiving. I am strongly drawn to a frugal life and am often oppressively aware that I am engrossing
4、an undue (9)_ of the labor of my fellow-men. I regard class distinctions as unjustified and in the last resort, based on force. I also believe that a simple and unassuming life is good for everybody, physically and (10)_. I do not at all (11)_ human freedom in the philosophical sense. Everybody acts
5、 not only under (12)_ compulsion but also (13)_ inner necessity. Schopenhauers saying “A man can do what he wants; (14)_ not want what he wants,“ has been a very real inspiration to me (15)_ my youth; it has been a continual consolation (16)_ lifes hardships, my own and (17)_, and an unfailing well-
6、spring of tolerance. This realization mercifully mitigates the easily paralyzing sense of responsibility and prevents us from (18)_ ourselves and other people (19)_ seriously; it is (20)_ a view of life which, in particular, gives humor its due. （ A） mortals （ B） morals （ C） immortals （ D） mortal （
7、A） inflection （ B） infection （ C） affection （ D） reflection （ A） depending （ B） dependent （ C） dependence （ D） indepent （ A） to （ B） with （ C） for （ D） of （ A） to which （ B） to whose （ C） with whom （ D） with whose （ A） what （ B） of （ C） that （ D） of which （ A） are based on （ B） is based on （ C） are
8、the basis of （ D） is the basis of （ A） that （ B） which （ C） as （ D） what （ A） number （ B） amount （ C） figure （ D） data （ A） mentally （ B） bodily （ C） healthily （ D） chemically （ A） believe （ B） trust （ C） believe in （ D） rely on （ A） external （ B） outside （ C） inside （ D） extensive （ A） in accordanc
9、e with （ B） in comparison with （ C） in collabaration with （ D） in combination with （ A） so （ B） thus （ C） but （ D） while （ A） in （ B） during （ C） since （ D） to （ A） in the face of （ B） facing （ C） in face to （ D） faced with （ A） others （ B） others （ C） the others （ D） the others （ A） taking （ B） thi
10、nking （ C） bringing （ D） treating （ A） too much （ B） very too （ C） all too （ D） very （ A） conducive （ B） conductive to （ C） inducive to （ D） deductive to Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 We can make mistak
11、es at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?“ “And Paul why didnt pick up that he was friendly just becaus
12、e I had a car?“ When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, its too late. Why do we go wrong about our friends or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we dont really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone
13、tells you, “Youre a lucky dog.“ Thats being friendly. But “lucky dog“? Theres a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesnt see it himself. But bringing in the “dog“ bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesnt think you deserve your luck. “Just think of all the things you hav
14、e to be thankful for,“ is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isnt important. Its telling you to think of al
15、l the starving people in the world when you havent got a date for Saturday night. How can you tell the real meaning behind someones words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in
16、 his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people to you may save another mistake. 21 This passage is mainly about_. （ A） how to interpret what people say （ B） what to do when you listen to others talking （ C） how to avoid mistakes when you communicate wi
17、th people （ D） why we go wrong with people sometimes 22 According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that _. （ A） we fall to listen carefully when they talk （ B） people tend to be annoyed when we cheek what they say （ C） people usually state one thing hut means another （
18、D） we tend to doubt what our friends say 23 In the second paragraph, “Maybe he doesnt see it himself“, the pronoun “it“ refers to_. （ A） being friendly （ B） a hit of envy （ C） lucky dog （ D） your luck 24 When we listen to a person talking, the most important thing for us to do is_. （ A） notice the w
19、ay the person is talking （ B） take a good look at the person talking （ C） mind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyes （ D） examine the real meaning of what he says based an his manner, his tone and his posture 25 The author most probably is a _. （ A） teacher （ B） psychologist （ C） philosophe
20、r （ D） doctor Text 2 26 A moments drilling by the dentist may make us nervous and upset. Many of us cannot stand pain. To avoid the pain of a drilling that may last perhaps a minute or two, we demand the “needle“ a shot of novocaine(奴佛卡因 ) that deadens the nerves around the tooth. Now its true that
21、the human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. This helps us adjust to the world. Without our nerves and our brain, which is a bundle of nerves we wouldnt know whats happening. But we pay for our sensitivity. We can feel pain whe
22、n the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain. But there is a way to handle pain. Look at the Indian fakir(行僧 ) who sits on a bed of nails. Fakirs can put a needle right through an arm, and feel no pain; This ability th
23、at some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain. The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. If the dentist says, “This will hurt a little, it helps us to accept the pain“. By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an in
24、teresting sensation, we can handle the pain without falling apart. After all; although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life. 26 The passage is mainly about_. （ A） how to stiffer pain （ B） how to avoid pain （ C） how to handle pain （ D） how to
25、stop pain 27 The sentence “But we pay for our sensitivity“ in the third paragraph implies that_. （ A） we should pay a debt for, our feeling （ B） we have to be hurt when We feel something （ C） our pain is worth feeling （ D） when we feel pain, we are suffering it 28 When the author mentions the Indian
26、 fakir, he suggests that_. （ A） Indians are not at all afraid of pain （ B） people may be senseless of pain （ C） some people are able to handle pain （ D） fakirs have magic to put needles right through their arms 29 The most important thing to handle pain is _. （ A） how we look at pain （ B） to feel pa
27、in as much as possible （ C） to show an interest in pain （ D） to accept the pain reluctantly 30 The authors attitude towards pain is _. （ A） pessimistic （ B） optimistic （ C） radical （ D） practical 31 Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neig
28、hbor. Yet none of them helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about ones fellow man? “Not so,“ say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe the masons why people didnt act. They found that a person has to
29、 go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency. Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma(昏迷 ) from diabetes(糖尿病 )? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk? Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in
30、 the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes“? Or is it really smoke from a fire? Its not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person wont get t
31、he help he needs. The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be “tested“. Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on the “tests“. Then she went into the next room.
32、 A curtain divided the “testing room“ and the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of these had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder. Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the student
33、s in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped. In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, neednt. They do not feel any direct responsibility. Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble
34、? Yes. Scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt the other persons trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions, were shaped by the actions of those they were with. 31 The purpose of this passage is_. （ A） to explain why
35、people fail to act in emergencies （ B） to explain when people will act in emergencies （ C） to explain what people will do in emergencies （ D） to explain how people feel in emergencies 32 Which of the following is NOT true? （ A） When a person tries to help others, he must be clear that there is a rea
36、l emergency. （ B） When a person tries to help others, he should know whether they are worth his help. （ C） A person must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if he wants to help. （ D） A person with a heart attack needs help. 33 The researchers have conducted an experim
37、ent to prove that people will act in emergencies when _. （ A） they are in pairs （ B） they are in groups （ C） they are alone （ D） they are with their friends 34 The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that_. （ A） they are afraid of emergencies （ B） they are reluctant to get
38、themselves involved （ C） others will act if they themselves hesitate （ D） they do not feel any direct responsibility for those who need help 35 The author suggests that_. （ A） we shouldnt blame a person if he fails to act in emergencies （ B） a person must feel guilty if he fails to help （ C） people
39、should be responsible for themselves in emergencies （ D） when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway 36 In 1960 1961, Chad(乍得 ) harvested 98,000 tons of cotton for the first time in its history, and put out the flag a little too soon. The efforts of the authorities to get the peasants back
40、to work, as they had slacked off a great deal the previous year during independence celebrations, largely contributed to it. Also, rains were well spaced, and continued through the whole month of October. If the 1961 1962 total is back to the region of 45,000 tons, it is mostly because efforts slack
41、ened again and sowing was started too late. The average date of sowing is about July 1st. ff this date is simply moved up fifteen or twenty days, 30,000 to 60,000 tons of cotton are gained, depending on the year. The peasant in Chad sows his millet first, and it is hard to criticize this instinctive
42、 priority given to his daily bread. An essential reason for his lateness with sowing cotton is that at the time when he should leave to prepare the fields he has just barely sold the cotton of the previous season. The work required to sow, in great heat, is psychologically far more difficult if ones
43、 pockets are full of money. The date of cotton sales should therefore be moved forward as much as possible, and purchases of equipment and draught animals encouraged. Peasants should also be encouraged to save money, to help them through the difficult pealed between harvests. If necessary they shoul
44、d be forced to do so, by having the payments for cotton given to them in installments. The last payment would be made after proof that the peasant has planted before the deadline, the date being advanced to the end of June. Those who have done so would receive extra money whereas the last planters w
45、ould not receive their last payment until later. Only the first steps are hard, because once work has started the peasants continue willingly on their way. Educational campaigns among the peasants will play an essential role in this basic advance, early sowing, on which all the others depend. It is
46、not a matter of controlling the peasants. Each peasant will remain master of his fields. One could, however, suggest the need for the time being of kind but firm rule, which, as long as it cannot be realized by the people, should at least be for the people. 36 In 1960 1961, Chad had a good harvest o
47、f cotton because_. （ A） the government greatly encouraged peasants （ B） rains favored the growth of cotton （ C） Chad gained independence in the previous year （ D） both A and B. 37 We learn from the passage that the date of sowing cotton is usually_. （ A） on June 15th （ B） on July 15th （ C） on July 1
48、st （ D） on July 20th 38 As used in the third sentence of the second paragraph, “daily bread“ refers to _. （ A） breakfast （ B） bread and butter （ C） rice （ D） millet 39 In order to help them through the difficult time between harvests the peasants have to_. （ A） sell cotton in advance （ B） be encoura
49、ged to save money （ C） sow cotton in time （ D） plant millet fast 40 Which of the following is NOT tree? （ A） Educational campaigns are very important to early sowing. （ B） Of all the advances that the writer hopes for, early sowing is the most important. （ C） Peasants should remain the masters of their fields. （ D） Government might as well make good and firm rule for
