1、考研英语-146 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.The first man who cooked his food, instead of eating it raw, lived so long ago that we have no idea who h
2、e was or where he lived. We do know, however, thatU (1) /Uthousands of years food was always eaten cold andU (2) /U. Perhaps the cooked food was heated accidentally by aU (3) /Ufire or by the melted lava from an eruptingU (4) /U. When people first tasted food that had been cooked, they found it tast
3、ed better. However,U (5) /Uafter this discover, cooked food must have remained a rarityU (6) /Uman learned how to make and lightU (7) /U.Primitive men who lived in hot regions could depend on the heat of the sunU (8) /Utheir food. For example, in the desertU (9) /Uof the southwestern. United States,
4、 the Indians cooked their food byU (10) /Uit on a flatU (11) /Uin the hot sun. They cooked piece of meat and thin cakes of com meal in thisU (12) /U. We surmise that the earliest kitchenU (13) /Uwas stickU (14) /Uwhich a piece of meat could be attached and held over a fire. Later this stick wasU (15
5、) /Uby an iron rod or spit which could be turned frequently to cook the meatU (16) /Uall sides.Cooking food in water wasU (17) /Ubefore man learned to make water containers that could not beU (18) /Uby fire. TheU (19) /Ucooking pots were reed or grass baskets in which soups, and stews could be cooke
6、d. As early as 166 B. C, the Egyptians had learned to makeU (20) /Upermanent cooking pots out of sand stone. Many years later, the Eskimos learned to make similar pans.（分数：10.00）A.inB.onC.throughD.forA.rawB.crudeC.readyD.freshA.forestB.cookedC.man-madeD.lightingA.volcanoB.caveC.mountainD.valleyA.tho
7、ughB.sinceC.soonD.evenA.WhenB.whichC.untilD.asA.foodB.a fireC.himselfD.itA.to cookB.cookingC.cookedD.cookA.placesB.realmsC.areasD.domainsA.beatingB.fryingC.dryingD.placingA.stoneB.boardC.tableD.plateA.zoneB.sectorC.methodD.fashionA.utensilB.instrumentC.toolD.equipmentA.byB.overC.onD.toA.supportedB.r
8、eplacedC.changedD.switchedA.byB.onC.overD.atA.incapableB.unavoidableC.impossibleD.unpopularA.brokenB.destroyedC.spoiledD.piercedA.newestB.latestC.firstD.worstA.strongerB.betterC.moreD.longer二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions bel
9、ow each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.BText 1/BFor my proposed journey, the first priority was clearly to start learning Arabic. I have never been a linguist. Though I had traveled widely as a journalist, I had never managed to pick up more than a smattering of p
10、hrases in any tongue other than French, and even my French, was laborious for want of lengthy practice. The prospect of tackling one of the notoriously difficult languages at the age of forty, and trying to speak it well, both deterred and excited me. It was perhaps expecting a little too much of a
11、curiously unreceptive part of myself, yet the possibility that I might gain access to a completely alien culture and tradition by this means was enormously pleasing.I enrolled as a pupil in a small school in the center of the city. It was run by a Mr Beheit, of dapper appearance and explosive temper
12、ament, who assured me that after three months of his special treatment I would speak Arabic fluently. Whereupon he drew from his desk a postcard which an old pupil had sent him from somewhere in the Middle East, expressing great gratitude and reporting the astonishment of local Arabs that he could c
13、onverse with them like a native. It was written in English. Mr Beheit himself spent most of his time coaching businessmen in French, and through the thin, partitioned walls of his school one could hear him bellowing in exasperation at some confused entrepreneur: “Non, M. Jones. Jane suis pas francai
14、s. Pas, Pas, Pas!“ (No Mr. Jones, Im NOT French, Im not, not, NOT!). I was gratified that my own tutor, whose name was Ahmed, was infinitely softer and less public in approach.For a couple of hours every morning we would face each other across a small table, while we discussed in meticulous detail t
15、he colour scheme of the tiny cubicle, the events in the street below and, once a week, the hair-raising progress of a window-cleaner across the wall of the building opposite. In between, hearing in mind the particular interest I had in acquiring Arabic, I would inquire the way to some imaginary oasi
16、s, anxiously demand fodder and water for my camels, wonder politely whether the sheikh was prepared to grant me audience now. It was all hard going. I frequently despaired of ever becoming anything like a fluent speaker, though Ahmed assured me that my pronunciation was above average for a Westemer.
17、 This, I suspected, was partly flattery, for there are a couple of Arabic sounds which not even a gift for mimicry allowed me to grasp for ages. There were, moreover, vast distinctions of meaning conveyed by subtle sound shifts rarely employed in English. And for me the problem was increased by the
18、need to assimilate a vocabulary, that would vary from place to place across five essentially Arabic-speaking countries that practiced vernaculars of their own: so that the word for “people“, for instance, might be nais, sah ab or sooken.Each day I was mentally exhausted by the strain of a morning in
19、 school, followed by an afternoon struggling at home with a tape recorder. Yet there was relief in the most elementary forms of understanding and progress. When merely got the drift of a torrent which Ahmed had just released, I was childishly elated. When I managed to roll a complete sentence off my
20、 tongue without apparently thinking what I was saying, and it came out right, I beamed like an idiot. And the enjoyment of reading and writing the flowing Arabic script was something that did not leave me once I had mastered it. By the end of June, no-one could have described me as anything like a f
21、luent speaker of Arabic. I was approximately in the position of a fifteen-year old who, equipped with a modicum of schoolroom French, nervously awaits his first trip to Paris. But this was something I could reprove upon in my own time. I bade farewell to Mr Beheit, still struggling to drive the Fren
22、ch negative into the still confused mind of Mr Jones.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is not characteristic of Mr Beheit?（分数：2.00）A.He had a neat and clean appearance.B.He was volatile and highly emotionalC.He was very modest about his success in teaching.D.He sometimes lost his temper and shout
23、ed loudly when teaching.(2).It is known from the passage that the writer_.（分数：2.00）A.had a good command of FrenchB.couldnt make sounds properly when learning ArabicC.spoke highly of Mr Beheits achievements in language teachingD.didnt like Ahmeds style of teaching(3).It can be inferred from the passa
24、ge that Ahmed was_.（分数：2.00）A.a fast speakerB.a boring speakerC.a laconic speakerD.an interesting speaker(4).The word “modicum“ in the last paragraph can be replaced by_.（分数：2.00）A.competenceB.excellenceC.mimicryD.smattering(5).Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?（分数：
25、2.00）A.The writers intended journey created particular difficulties in his learning of Arabic.B.The reading and writing of the Arabic script gave the writer lasting pleasure.C.The writer found learning Arabic was a grueling experience but rewarding.D.The writer regarded Ahmeds praise of his pronunci
26、ation as tongue-in-cheekBText 2/BAmericans usually consider themselves a friendly people. Their friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures. It is not uncommon for Americans to have only one close friend during their life-time, and consi
27、der other “friends“ to be just social acquaintances. This attitude probably has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people. They tend to “compartmentalize“ friendships, having “friends at work“ ,“friends on the softball team“, “fami
28、ly friends“, etc.Because the United States is a highly active society, full of movement and change, people always seem to be on the go. In this highly charged atmosphere, Americans can sometimes seem brusque or impatient. They want to get to know you as quickly as possible and then move on to someth
29、ing else. Sometimes, early on, they will ask you questions that you may feel are very personal. No insult is intended; the questions usually grow out of their genuine interest or curiosity, and their impatience to get to the heart of the matter. And the same goes for you. If you do not understand ce
30、rtain American behavior or you want to know more about them, do not hesitate to ask them questions about themselves. Americans are usually eager to explain all about their country or anything “American“ in which you may be interested. So much so in fact that you may become tired of listening. It doe
31、snt matter, because Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation. They would rather talk about the weather or the latest sports scores, for example, than deal with silence.On the other hand, dont expect Americans to be knowledgeable about international geography or world aff
32、airs, unless those subjects directly involve the United States. Because the United States is not surrounded by many other nations, some Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world.（分数：10.00）(1).The general topic of the passage is_.（分数：2.00）A.American cultureB.American societyC.Americans activitie
33、sD.Americans personality(2).Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Americans do not like to depend on other people.B.Friendships among Americans tend to be casual.C.Americans know a lot about international affairs.D.Americans always seem to be on the go.(3)
34、.The phrase “highly charged“ (Paragraph 2) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.extremely freeB.highly responsibleC.very cheerfulD.full of mobility and change(4).It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.Americans want to participate in all kinds of activitiesB.Americans character is affected
35、by their social and geographical environmentC.Americans do not know how to deal with silenceD.curiosity is characteristic of Americans(5).According to the passage, Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world because_.（分数：2.00）A.they are not interested in other countriesB.they are too proud of the
36、mselvesC.their country does not have many neighboring nationsD.they are too busy to learn about other countriesBText 3/BWhen it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as shed like to, e
37、ither. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “Im a good economic indicator,“ she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when theyre concerned about saving some dollars. “ So S
38、pero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I dont know if other clients are going to abandon me, too“ she says.Even before Alan Greenspans admission that Americas red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folk
39、s had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a cr
40、ucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last years pace. But dont sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Cons
41、umers say theyre not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “theres a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,“ says
42、broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,“ says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and kee
43、p a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient
44、to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattans hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan Co. may still be worth toasting.（分数：10.00）(1).By “Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author
45、 means_.（分数：2.00）A.Spero can hardly maintain her businessB.Spero is too much engaged in her workC.Spero has grown out of her bad habitD.Spero is not in a desperate situation(2).How do the public feel about the current economic situation?（分数：2.00）A.OptimisticB.ConfusedC.CarefreeD.Panicked(3).When men
46、tioning “the $ 4 million to $ 10 million range“ (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about_.（分数：2.00）A.gold marketB.real estateC.stock exchangeD.venture investment(4).Why can many people see “silver linings“ to the economic slowdown?（分数：2.00）A.They would benefit in certain ways.B.The stock
47、 market shows signs of recovery.C.Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.D.The purchasing power would be enhanced.(5).To which of the following is the author likely to agree?（分数：2.00）A.A new boom, on the horizon.B.Tighten the belt, the single remedy.C.Caution all right, panic not.D.The more venture
48、s, the more chances.BText 4/BThe media can impact current events. As a graduate student at Berkeley in the 1960s,I remember experiencing the events related to the Peoples Park that were occurring on campus. Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV. I found it interesting to compare my impressions of what was going on with perceptions obtained from the news media. I could begin to see events of that time feed on news coverage. This also provided me with some healthy insights into the distinctions between these realities.Electronic media are having a
