1、Designation: C591 12bC591 13Standard Specification forUnfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular PolyisocyanurateThermal Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers th
3、e types, physical properties, and dimensions of unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocya-nurate plastic material intended for use as thermal insulation on surfaces from -297F (-183C) to 300F (149C). For specificapplications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer
4、and purchaser.1.2 This specification only covers “polyurethane modified polyisocyanurate” thermal insulation which is commonly referred toas “polyisocyanurate” thermal insulation. This standard does not encompass all polyurethane modified materials. Polyurethanemodified polyisocyanurate and other po
5、lyurethane materials are similar, but the materials will perform differently under someservice conditions.1.3 This standard is designed as a material specification, not a design document. Physical property requirements vary byapplication and temperature.At temperatures below -70F (-51C) the physical
6、 properties of the polyisocyanurate insulation at theservice temperature are of particular importance. Below -70F (-51C) the manufacturer and the purchaser must agree on whatadditional cold temperature performance properties are required to determine if the material can function adequately for thepa
7、rticular application.1.4 This standard addresses requirements of unfaced preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermal insulation manufacturedusing blowing agents with an ozone depletion potential of 0 (ODP 0).1.5 When adopted by an authority having jurisdiction, codes that address fire properti
8、es in many applications regulate the useof the thermal insulation materials covered by this specification. Fire properties are controlled by job, project, or otherspecifications where codes or government regulations do not apply.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standar
9、d. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this sta
10、ndard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal InsulationsC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177
11、Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of theGuarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC272 Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materials for Structural Sandwich ConstructionsC303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Preformed Block and BoardType
12、Thermal InsulationC335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Properties of Pipe InsulationC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal Insulation Lots1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitt
13、ee C16.22 on Organic andNonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2012Oct. 15, 2013. Published January 2013November 2013. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2012 asC591 12a.C591 12b. DOI: 10.1520/C0591-12B.10.1520/C0591-13.2 For refere
14、ncedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the
15、 user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standar
16、d as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationC518 Test Method for Steady-State Ther
17、mal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC550 Test Method for Measuring Trueness and Squareness of Rigid Block and Board Thermal InsulationC585 Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and TubingC871 Test Methods for Chemical
18、Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, andSodium IonsC1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State ConditionsC1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulati
19、onC1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater ApparatusC1303 Test Method for Predicting Long-Term Thermal Resistance of Closed-Cell Foam InsulationC1363 Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building Materials and EnvelopeAssemblies by Means of a H
20、ot BoxApparatusD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD2126 Test Method for Response of Rigid Cellular Plastics to Thermal and Humid AgingD2856 Test Method for Open-C
21、ell Content of Rigid Cellular Plastics by the Air Pycnometer (Withdrawn 2006)3D6226 Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid Cellular PlasticsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building MaterialsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials3. Terminology3.1 Fo
22、r descriptions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminologies C168 and D883.3.2 The term polyisocyanurate does not encompass all polyurethane containing materials (see 1.2).3.3 The term “core specimen” refers to representative samples cut in accordance with the sampling procedure listed
23、 within eachproperty test method.3.4 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.4.1 ozone depletion potential (ODP)a relative index indicating the extent to which a chemical product causes ozonedepletion.3.4.1.1 DiscussionThe reference level of 1 is the potential of trichlorofluoromethane (R-1
24、1 or CFC-11) to cause ozone depletion. ODP 0 is an ozonedepletion potential of zero.4. Classification4.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermal insulation covered by this specification is classified into sixtypes as follows:4.1.1 Type ICompressive resistance of 20 lb/in2 (137 kPa
25、), minimum.4.1.2 Type IVCompressive resistance of 22 lb/in2 (150 kPa), minimum.4.1.3 Type IICompressive resistance of 35 lb/in2 (240 kPa), minimum.4.1.4 Type IIICompressive resistance of 45 lb/in2 (310 kPa), minimum.4.1.5 Type VCompressive resistance of 80 lb/in2 (550 kPa), minimum.4.1.6 Type VIComp
26、ressive resistance of 125 lb/in2 (862 kPa), minimum.4.2 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermal insulation covered by this specification is classified into onegrade as follows:4.2.1 Grade 2Service temperature range of -297F (-183C) to 300F (149C).5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders
27、for materials purchased under this specification shall include the following:5.1.1 Designation of this specification and year of issue,5.1.2 Product name or grade/type, or both,5.1.3 Apparent thermal conductivity and specific thickness required,5.1.4 Product dimensions,5.1.5 Quantity of material,3 T
28、he last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.C591 1325.1.6 Special packaging or marking, if required, and5.1.7 Special requirements for inspection or testing, or both.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermal insu
29、lation is produced by the polymerization of polymericpolyisocyanates in the presence of polyhydroxyl compounds, catalysts, cell stabilizers, and blowing agents.6.2 The material covered by this specification shall be supplied in “bun” form, finished board stock, or special shapes as agreedupon by the
30、 manufacturer and end-user.7. Physical Properties7.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermal insulation shall conform to the requirements shown in Table 1.See Note 1. For each physical property requirement, the average from testing the number of test specimen(s) required by 11.3 o
31、fthis specification shall be used to determine compliance.NOTE 1It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to determine the technical requirements for their specific applications and to select anappropriate Type of material.7.2 Polyisocyanurate thermal insulation is an organic material an
32、d is combustible. Do not expose this insulation to flames orother ignition sources. The fire performance of the material shall be addressed through fire test requirements established by theappropriate governing authority. The manufacturer shall be contacted for specific data as fire performance char
33、acteristic will varywith grade, type, and thickness.7.3 Not all physical properties at temperatures below -70F (-51C) have been fully tested. Where these properties are critical,the user shall consult the manufacturer for properties and performance at these lower temperatures.8. Dimensions and Toler
34、ances8.1 The dimensions shall be as agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier. Polyisocyanurate thermal insulation is commonlyavailable in lengths up to 144 in. (3.66 m), widths up to 48 in. (1.22 m), and thicknesses from 0.5 in. (13 mm) to 24 in. (610 mm).TABLE 1 Physical Property RequirementsG
35、rade 2: Operating Temperature Range -297F (-183C) to 300F (149C)ANOTE 1Grade 1, which was specific to PIR for use at operating temperatures of -70F (-51C) to 300F (149C) , was deleted in 2009 because thismaterial was no longer produced. Grade 2 was not renumbered to minimize conflict with various gl
36、obal engineering and end-user specifications whichrequire the use of materials complying with, “ASTM C591, Grade 2”.Property Type I Type IV Type II Type III Type V Type VIDensity, min lb/ft3 (kg/m 3) 1.8 (29) 2.0 (32) 2.5 (40) 3.0 (48) 4.0 (60) 6.0 (96)Compressive resistance at 10 % deformationor yi
37、eld whichever occurs first, parallel torise, min, lb/in2 (kPa)20 (137) 22 (150) 35 (240) 45 (310) 80 (550) 125 (862)Apparent thermal conductivity, maxBtu-in/h-ft 2 -F (W/m-K),at a mean temperature of:-200F (-129C) .13 (.019) .13 (.019) .13 (.019) .14 (.020) .14 (.020) .15 (.022)-150F (-101C) .15 (.0
38、22) .15 (.022) .15 (.022) .16 (.023) .16 (.023) .17 (.025)-100F (-73C) .17 (.025) .17 (.025) .17 (.025) .18 (.026) .18 (.026) .19 (.027)-50F (-46C) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030)0F (-17C) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030) .21 (.030) .22 (.032)50F (10C) .1
39、9 (.027) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030)75F (24C) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030) .21 (.030) .22 (.032)150F (66C) .24 (.035) .24 (.035) .24 (.035) .25 (.036) .25 (.036) .26 (.037)200F (93C) .27 (.039) .27 (.039) .27 (.039) .28 (.040) .28 (.040) .30 (.044)Water abso
40、rption, max, % by volume 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8Water vapor permeability, max, perm-in (ng/Pa-s-m) 4.0 (5.8) 4.0 (5.8) 3.5 (5.1) 3.0 (4.4) 2.5 (3.7) 2.0 (2.9)Dimensional stability, max % linear change158 4F (70 2C), 97 + 3 % relative humidity 4 4 4 4 4 4-40 6F (-40 3C), ambient relative humidity 1 1
41、 1 1 1 1212 4F (100 2C), ambient relative humidity 2 2 2 2 2 2Closed cell content, min 90 90 90 90 90 90Hot-surface performance, at 300F (149C)B Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass PassAThis specification does not purport to address all the performance issues associated with its use. It is the responsibility o
42、f the user of this standard to establish appropriateperformance criteria.B Pass/fail criteria found in 12.4.C591 1338.2 Insulation Board:8.2.1 Dimensional tolerances for boards shall be as follows:Dimension Tolerance, in. (mm)Length 18 (3.2)Width 116 (1.6)Thickness 132 (0.8)8.2.2 Edge TruenessDeterm
43、ine in accordance with Test Method C550. The maximum deviation from the edge trueness shallnot be greater than 132 in/ft (2.6 mm/m) of length or width.8.2.3 Face TruenessDetermine in accordance with Test Method C550. The maximum deviation from flatness shall not begreater than 116 in/ft (5.2 mm/m) o
44、f length or width.8.2.4 Corner SquarenessDetermine in accordance with Test Method C550. The maximum deviation from corner squarenessshall not be greater than 18 in. (3.2 mm) for all board thicknesses.8.2.5 Edge SquarenessDetermine in accordance with Test Method C550. The maximum deviation from edge
45、squareness shallnot be greater that 116 in. (1.6 mm) for all board thicknesses.8.3 Pipe Insulation:8.3.1 Material supplied for pipe insulation shall have dimensions and tolerances that are in accordance with Practice C585.9. Workmanship and Appearances9.1 The polyisocyanurate thermal insulation shal
46、l have no defects that will adversely affect its service qualities.10. Sampling10.1 Unless otherwise specified, the polyisocyanurate thermal insulation shall be sampled and inspected for acceptance ofmaterial in accordance with Practice C390.10.2 Inspection Requirements:10.2.1 The requirements for d
47、ensity shown in Table 1, the dimensional requirements described in Section 8, and theworkmanship and appearance requirements described in Section 9 are defined as inspection requirements (refer to Practice C390).10.3 Qualification Requirements:10.3.1 The physical requirements shown in Table 1 except
48、 density are defined as qualification requirements (refer to PracticeC390). Density is defined as an inspection requirement.11. Specimen Selection and Preparation11.1 A period of at least 72 h shall elapse from the time of manufacture of the polyisocyanurate thermal insulation until cuttingof any te
49、st specimens. The core test specimens shall be cut from the cores of the test samples as required for testing.11.2 Unless otherwise specified, the test specimens shall be conditioned at 7364F (2362C) and 5065 % relative humidityfor at least 12 h prior to testing.11.3 Number of specimens to test for each required property:11.3.1 DensityTest three specimens.11.3.2 Compressive ResistanceTest five specimens.11.3.3 Apparent Thermal ConductivityTest three specimens at mean temperature of 75F
