1、Designation: C 936 07Standard Specification forSolid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 936; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements for interlock-ing concrete pavers manufactured for the construction of pavedsurfaces.1.2 When part
3、icular features are desired, such as weightclassification, higher compressive strength, surface textures,finish, color, or other special features, such properties shouldbe specified by the purchaser. Local sellers, however, should beconsulted as to availability of units having the desired features.1
4、.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC 140 Test Methods fo
5、r Sampling and Testing ConcreteMasonry Units and Related UnitsC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Pur-posesC 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC 331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Con-crete Masonry UnitsC 4
6、18 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete bySandblastingC 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC 979 Specification for Pigments
7、 for Integrally ColoredConcreteC 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-FurnaceSlag for Use in Concrete and MortarsC 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC 1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixtures3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 architectural finishessu
8、rface modified by mechani-cal means such as blasting, hammering, polishing, tumbling,washing, or other methods.4. Materials4.1 Cementitious Materials shall conform to the followingapplicable ASTM specifications:4.1.1 Portland CementsSpecification C 150.4.1.2 Blended CementsSpecification C 595, Types
9、 IS orIP.4.1.3 Hydraulic CementSpecification C 1157.4.1.4 Hydrated Lime, Type SSpecification C 207.4.1.5 Fly AshSpecification C 618.4.1.6 Ground SlagSpecification C 989.4.1.7 Silica FumeSpecification C 1240.4.2 Aggregates shall conform to the following ASTMspecifications, except that grading require
10、ments shall notnecessarily apply:4.2.1 Normal WeightSpecification C33.4.2.2 LightweightSpecification C 331.4.3 Chemical Admixtures shall conform to the followingapplicable ASTM specifications:4.3.1 Air-entraining AdmixturesSpecification C 260.4.3.2 Water-reducing, Retarding, and AcceleratingAdmixtur
11、esSpecification C 494/C 494M.4.3.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteSpecification C 979.4.4 Other ConstituentsIntegral water repellents, and othermaterials for which no ASTM standards exist, shall be previ-ously established as suitable for use in concrete or shall beshown by test or experienc
12、e not to be detrimental to theconcrete.5. Physical Requirements5.1 Units shall have an exposed face area #0.065 m2(101in.2), and their overall length divided by thickness shall be#4.The minimum thickness shall be 60 mm (2.36 in.). See Fig. 1.1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Commi
13、ttee C27 on PrecastConcrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.20 onArchitectural and Structural Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C 936 01.2For referenced ASTM standar
14、ds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
15、19428-2959, United States.5.2 Concrete units covered by this specification may bemade from lightweight or normal weight aggregates or mixedlightweight and normal weight aggregates.5.3 Compressive StrengthAt the time of delivery to thework site, the average compressive strength of the test samplessha
16、ll be not less than 55 MPa (8000 psi) with no individual unitless than 50 MPa (7200 psi) as required in 6.2.5.4 AbsorptionThe average absorption of the test samplesshall not be greater than 5 % with no individual unit greaterthan 7 % as required in 6.2.5.5 Resistance to Freezing and ThawingThe manuf
17、ac-turer shall satisfy the purchaser either by proven field perfor-mance or a laboratory freezing-and-thawing test that the pavingunits have adequate resistance to freezing and thawing. If alaboratory test is used, when tested in accordance with TestMethods C67, specimens shall have no breakage and
18、notgreater than 1.0 % loss in dry mass of any individual unit whensubjected to 50 cycles of freezing and thawing. This testmethod shall be conducted not more than 12 months prior todelivery of units.5.6 Abrasion ResistanceWhen tested in accordance withTest Method C 418, specimens shall not have a gr
19、eater volumeloss than 15 cm3/50 cm2(0.92 in.3/7.75 in.2). The averagethickness loss shall not exceed 3 mm (0.118 in.).5.7 Dimensional ToleranceLength or width of units shallnot differ by more than 61.6 mm (60.063 in.) from approvedsamples. Heights of units shall not differ more than 63.2 mm(60.125 i
20、n.) the specified standard dimension.All tests shall beperformed as required in 6.2. Units shall meet dimensionaltolerances prior to the application of architectural finishes.6. Sampling and Testing6.1 The purchaser or his authorized representative shall beaccorded proper facilities to inspect and s
21、ample the units at theplace of manufacture from the lots ready for delivery.6.2 Sample and test units in accordance with Test MethodsC 140, except as required in 5.5. Units tested in compressionshall be whole. If the testing machine does not have sufficientforce to break a whole unit, then the unit
22、shall be cut in halfalong the shortest axis and one half tested. Units with protrud-ing, smaller ends shall have the ends saw cut and the remaininglarger pieces tested. This specimen shall be symmetrical abouttwo axes.7. Visual Inspection7.1 All units shall be sound and free of defects that wouldint
23、erfere with the proper placing of the units or impair thestrength or performance of the construction. Minor cracksincidental to the usual methods of manufacture or minorchipping resulting from customary methods of handling inshipment and delivery shall not be deemed grounds forrejection.8. Rejection
24、8.1 In case the shipment fails to conform to the specifiedrequirements, the manufacturer may sort it, and new specimensshall be selected by the purchaser from the retained lot andtested at the expense of the manufacturer. In case the second setof specimens fails to conform to the test requirements,
25、theentire lot shall be rejected.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof
26、infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this st
27、andard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your
28、 views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 1 Length, Width, and Thickness of Concrete Paving UnitsC936072
