1、Designation: C 980 88 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Specification forIndustrial Chimney Lining Brick1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 980; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers solid kiln fired brick madefrom clay, shale, or mixtures thereof suitable for use inmasonry construction i
3、n contact with the chemicals present influe gases found in industrial chimneys. These brick arenormally used with chemical-resistant mortars.1.2 The physical and chemical properties of chimney liningbrick differ from supplier to supplier mainly because theircomposition is determined by the source of
4、 raw materials.Chimney lining brick, regardless of these differences, areconsidered to be of three types noted as follows:1.2.1 Type IFor use where low absorption and high acidresistance are not major factors.1.2.2 Type IIFor use where lower absorption and higheracid resistance are required.1.2.3 Ty
5、pe IIIFor use where lowest absorption and highestacid resistance are required.NOTE 1Types I, II, and III may not differ significantly in theirresistance to thermal shock, and selection of brick type should be basedupon their absorption and acid-resistant service requirements.1.3 The values stated in
6、 inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
7、 and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorp-tion, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density ofBurned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling WaterC67 Tes
8、t Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes3. Sulfuric Acid Boil Test3.1 When tested in accordance with Section 6, the brickshall conform to the requirements for “Maximum AverageWeight Loss by H2SO4Boil Test” as show
9、n in Table 1.4. Physical Properties4.1 Compressive StrengthWhen tested in accordance withTest Methods C67, Section 6 (Compressive Strength), thebrick shall conform to the requirements for “Minimum Com-pressive Strength” as shown in Table 1.4.2 Water AbsorptionWhen tested in accordance withTest Metho
10、ds C20, Section 10 (Water Absorption), the brickshall conform to the requirements for “Maximum WaterAbsorption by 2-h Boiling” as shown in Table 1.4.3 SizesThe sizes of brick shall be as specified by thepurchaser. When tested in accordance with Test Methods C67,Section 11 (Measurement of Size), the
11、brick shall conform tothe requirements for “Permissible Variations in Dimensions” asshown in Table 2.4.4 WarpageWhen tested in accordance with Test Meth-ods C67, Section 12 (Measurement of Warpage), the toleranceon warpage of the brick shall be as indicated in Table 2.4.5 TextureScoring or matte tex
12、turing, or both, of thebrick is recommended. However, no flutes or scores shallexceed18 in. (3.0 mm) in height of protrusion or in depth.5. Black Heart5.1 Brick when broken may have a dark area that has asteely appearance and is sharply delineated from the surround-ing normal color of the brick it i
13、s known as black heart or blackcore. Black heart is generally the result of the reduction of ironminerals during the firing process. Its presence, regardless of1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
14、itteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C 980 88 (2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at ser
15、viceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.size in brick that otherwise meet the physical and che
16、micalrequirements of this specification, shall not be cause forrejection.6. Test for Solubility in Sulfuric Acid6.1 Significance and UseThis test with sulphuric acidrepresents an extremely severe one and may not be significantfor chemical-resistant brick in less demanding applications. Itcan be assu
17、med that sulphuric acid in this test concentrationwill be more corrosive than most other acids excluding thosecontaining flourine. A similar test procedure using otherchemicals may be more suitable for specific purposes. Theperformance of these other tests and appropriate qualifyingdata should be re
18、solved between the purchaser and the seller.6.2 Apparatus:6.2.1 Crusher, jaw-type.6.2.2 Sieves,14-in. (6.3-mm) and No. 4 (4.75-mm), (equiva-lent to 3-mesh and 4-mesh sieves, respectively, in the Tylerseries), conforming to Specification E11.6.2.3 Mechanical Shaking Device, producing a lateral andver
19、tical motion of the sieve, accompanied by a jarring action soas to keep the sample moving continuously over the surface ofthe sieve.6.2.4 Drying Oven.6.2.5 Analytical Balance and Weights, 0.01-g sensitivity.6.2.6 Desiccator.6.2.7 Erlenmeyer Flask, 750-mL, of heat-resistant andchemically resistant gl
20、ass.6.2.8 Water-Cooled Condenser.6.2.9 Hot Plate.6.2.10 Fritted-Glass Funnel, fine porosity.6.2.11 Suction Pump.6.3 Preparation of SamplePrepare the sample from atleast five masonry units selected in accordance with TestMethods C67. Remove the skin surface from a quarter of eachunit selected, and cr
21、ush the remaining pieces in a jaw-typecrusher, with the jaws set so that the grain size of the productranges from material retained on a14-in. (6.3-mm) sieve tomaterial passing a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve. Reduce this materialeither by mixing and quartering or by a mechanical splitter toapproximately a
22、1000-g sample, and screen in a mechanicalshaking device for 15 min, using the No. 3 and No. 4 sieves.Thoroughly mix the portion of the material passing the No. 3sieve and remaining on the No. 4 sieves (Note 2), and thenquarter down to obtain two 50-g samples. Dry these samples ina drying oven at 240
23、F (120C) for at least 16 h, and then coolin a desiccator.NOTE 2Although it is recognized that some types of material tend tobreak down in a manner yielding various-shaped particles, no attemptshall be made at hand selection.6.4 ProcedureTransfer each of the 50-g samples, weighedto the nearest 0.01 g
24、, and 250 mL of sulfuric acid (sp gr 1.706)or 60 Baum (78 weight %) into separate 750-mL Erlenmeyerflasks. Insert water-cooled condensers and boil on hot plates for48h(Note 3). Cool the flasks and contents sufficiently topermit handling, and decant the solutions through fritted-glassfunnels with the
25、 aid of suction, retaining the samples in theflasks. Add about 250 mL of water to the flasks, boil for 10min, and decant with the aid of suction through the samefunnels as used previously. Repeat this washing procedurethree times. On the fourth decantation of wash water, transferthe samples to the f
26、unnels, using hot water to aid in the transfer.Dry the funnels and contents in the oven at 240F (120C) forat least 16 h, and cool in a desiccator. Remove material fromthe funnels, brushing out the fines if necessary, and weigh tothe nearest 0.01 g.NOTE 3Regulate the temperature of the hot plate so a
27、s to maintain agentle boiling solution, avoiding any considerable agitation of the sample.The use of a variable transformer in series with the hot plate is suggested.6.5 Calculations and ReportCalculate the loss in weightas a percentage of the original weight. Make duplicate deter-minations, and rep
28、ort an average of the two results to thenearest 0.1 %.6.6 Precision and BiasA statement on precision and biaswill be added at a later date.7. Keywords7.1 absorption; acid resistance; acid solubility; ceramic;industrial chimney; masonry; physical properties; solid brickTABLE 1 Physical Properties and
29、 Chemical RequirementsADesignationMinimum Compressive Strength, Gross Area, psi (MPa)Maximum Water Absorption by 2-hBoiling, %Maximum AverageWeight Loss byH2SO4Boil Test, %Average of 10 Individual Average of 10 IndividualType I 8 500 (58.6) 8 000 (55.2) 6.0 7.0 20Type II 10 000 (69.0) 9 000 (62.2) 4
30、.0 5.0 12Type III 12 000 (82.8) 10 000 (69.0) 1.0 1.5 8AOne complete set of tests for each of the above requirements shall be performed from brick randomly selected from every 100 000 bricks.TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Dimensions and WarpageADimensionsDimensionsMaximumPermissibleVariations inD
31、imensionsBetween Largestand Smallest Brickin a RandomSampling of 10Brick, %WarpageMaximum Face andDiagonal Dimensions,in. (mm)MaximumPermissibleDeviation,In. (mm)HeightLengthWidth355upto91/2 (241) incl.1/8 (3.0).AOne complete set of tests for each of the above requirements shall beperformed from bri
32、ck randomly selected from every 100 000 bricks.C 980 88 (2007)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
33、 patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited
34、 either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a f
35、air hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 980 88 (2007)3
