1、Designation: D1176 98 (Reapproved 2008)D1176 14Standard Practice forSampling and Preparing Aqueous Solutions of EngineCoolants or Antirusts for Testing Purposes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1176; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Def
3、ense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers information on sampling and preparing solutions of engine coolants and antirusts (Notes 1 and 2).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are approximate equivalentsgiven for information only.1.3 This
4、standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 1Antirust as referred
5、 to in this practice covers products intended for use in automotive/light-duty and heavy-duty applications in which wateris used as the cooling medium.NOTE 2Antirust products are available in liquid and solid form. Solids should be handled as outlined in Annex A1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stan
6、dards:2D1122 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Engine Coolant Concentrates and Engine Coolants By The HydrometerD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD5931 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Engine Coolant Concentrates andAqueous Engine Coolants by DigitalDensity Meter3. Sig
7、nificance and Use3.1 This practice is used commonly by vehicle service or laboratory personnel for sampling and preparing aqueous solutionsof engine coolants or antirust for further evaluation and testing.3.2 This practice shall be followed when sampling and preparing aqueous solutions of products f
8、or evaluation in ASTM testmethods.3.3 Care must be taken to ensure that a representative sample of product is taken.3.4 This practice describes several different test methods. The methods to be followed should be agreed to by the supplier andthe customer.4. Sampling Concentrated Liquid Products4.1 W
9、hen received, the material will preferably be in a sealed, marked container. Allow the container to stand at roomtemperature (not below 20C) before attempting to obtain a sample. The container and its contents shall be shaken well beforesampling (see Note 3). Any signs of solution separation should
10、be noted and appropriate samples obtained by using a decantingor pipeting technique. Some samples that contain multiple phases may require the use of a separatory funnel to isolate a particularliquid layer or solids.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on Engine Coolants a
11、nd Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.06 onGlassware Performance Tests.Current edition approved April 1, 2008April 1, 2014. Published April 2008April 2014. Originally approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 asD1176 98(2002).(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D
12、1176-98R08.10.1520/D1176-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM stan
13、dard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all case
14、s only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1NOTE 3In the case of larger containers such as those with a nominal volume of 20
15、or 200 L (5 or 55 gal), the contents should be mixed thoroughlywith a stirrer for at least 5 min to ensure a homogeneous mixture. The stirrer should be capable of dispersing any separated solids and supernatant phaseswithout drawing air into the mixture.4.2 Remove a representative sample by pipeting
16、 or siphoning.5. Separation of Multiphase Products5.1 If the product contains separated solids or liquids, place a representative sample obtained as described in Section 4 in aseparatory funnel. Stopper the funnel and allow to stand for at least 16 h. Separate the various phases as follows:5.1.1 Rem
17、ove settled liquids or solids, if present, by allowing them to drain out together with a minimum amount of the majorliquid phase.5.1.2 Then drain the major liquid phase into a suitable container, taking care not to include any supernatant liquid phase.5.1.3 Finally, drain the supernatant phase into
18、a separate container.5.1.4 If the solids will not drain out from the separatory funnel, siphon off the various liquid phases in sequence from the topof the funnel.5.1.5 If the solid does not separate from the liquid phase but remains in suspension, separate by passing a representative sampleof the p
19、roduct through an appropriate filter paper, using suction, and transfer the liquid to a storage container.6. Preparation of Aqueous Solutions6.1 Concentration is generally expressed as the percentage by volume of the product at a specified temperature, usually 20C(68F).6.2 Gravimetric Procedure (Wei
20、ght/Volume %):6.2.1 Determine the relative density of the product at 20/20C (68/68F) to the nearest 0.0005 in accordance with Test MethodD1122 or D5931.6.2.2 Calculate the weight of the product required to give the volume at 20C (68F).NOTE 4ExampleFor a 30 % solution and a final volume of 100 mL, a
21、product that has a relative density of 1.0149 at 20/20C (68/68F) wouldrequire that the following amount be weighed:0.30310031.014930.99715!530.360 gof product (1)where:0.99715 = the density of water at 20C (68F).6.2.3 Weigh the sample in a clean, dry container on a balance at room temperature. The s
22、ample shall be weighed to an accuracyof 60.02 %. Record the weight and transfer the sample to a clean, dry volumetric flask. Care should be taken to ensure that allof the sample is transferred from the weight container by rinsing with Specification D1193, Type IV water (or ASTM corrosivewater, if re
23、quired by the test). Fill to just below the mark.6.2.4 Mix the contents of the volumetric flask and bring to 20C (68F) by placing the flask in a constant temperature bath setat 20 6 0.1C. Adjust the volume to the mark using the specified water when the contents have had a chance to come totemperatur
24、e. Transfer the solution to the test vessel or storage container.6.3 Volumetric Procedure (Volume %):6.3.1 For many applications, sufficient accuracy can be obtained by measuring the sample in a graduated cylinder.6.3.1.1 Measure the required volume of engine coolant or antirust into a graduated cyl
25、inder.6.3.1.2 Add water of the type to be used for the test to just below the final volume. Mix the solution well. Add enough waterof the type to be used for the test to bring the contents of the graduated cylinder to the final volume and mix well again. The testconcentration shall be expressed as t
26、he ratio of the initial volume of the product to the final volume of the mixture of the productand water, both measured at 20C.6.3.2 More accurate concentrations can be prepared by the following procedure:6.3.2.1 Suspend the sample in a constant temperature water bath set at 20 6 0.1C. Allow 15 to 3
27、0 min for the sample toequilibrate to this temperature.6.3.2.2 When the sample has reached bath temperature, transfer the required volume by pipet (see Note 5) to a clean, dryvolumetric flask calibrated at 20 6 0.1C.NOTE 5The pipet should be calibrated using the test solution at 20 6 0.1C.6.3.2.3 Br
28、ing the level in the flask almost to the graduated mark with the type water to be used for the test. Mix the contentsof the flask by inverting several times, taking care to avoid loss of solution through the stopper. Proceed as directed in 6.2.4.7. Preparation of Test Solutions that Contain Solids o
29、r Liquid Mixtures, or Both, in the Sample to be Tested7.1 It is difficult to handle and obtain accurate specific gravity measurements on samples containing solids and separated layers.They are generally handled best by following the recommendation outlined in 4.1.D1176 1428. Treatment of Mixtures Re
30、sulting from Separation of Secondary Phases on Dilution of Product with Water8.1 If a representative portion of the mixture is desired, proceed as directed in 4.1 before a portion is removed by pipeting orsiphoning. Stirring should be continued during removal of the sample.8.2 If secondary phases ar
31、e to be separated, proceed as directed in 5.1.9. Keywords9.1 antirust; aqueous solutions; engine coolant; gravimetric procedure; sampling; solutions; volumetric procedureANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. HANDLING SOLID ANTIRUSTSA1.1 Antirusts supplied as powder or granules shall be sampled by taking p
32、ortions from various points of the container. In thecase of solids or caked material, the entire package shall be broken up, mixed thoroughly, and quartered, if necessary. The sampleshall be dried at 100C to a constant weight and stored in a desiccator until used. Samples shall not be taken from tho
33、se portionsof the inhibitor in which caking has been caused by absorption of moisture and carbon dioxide through the container.A1.2 Dried samples shall be weighed without delay to an accuracy of 60.02 %, placed in a volumetric flask, and diluted to thespecified concentration with whatever water is r
34、equired for the given test according to the procedure for a liquid product.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity
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37、eceived a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies
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