1、Designation: D1335 12D1335 17Standard Test Method forTuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1335; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of force req
3、uired to pull or break a tuft from a pile floor covering sample.1.2 This test method is applicable to both cut and loop pile yarn floor covering.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are
4、provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applica
5、bility of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the Worl
6、d Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Cov
7、eringsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to Pile Floor Coverings, D13.21, refer to Terminology D5684.3.1.1 The followi
8、ng terms are relevant to this standard: carpet, constant-rate-of-extension, cut pile yarn floor covering, finished,finished pile yarn floor covering, floor covering, loop pile yarn floor covering, pile, pile yarn floor covering, textile floor covering,tuft, tuft bind, tuft leg, tufted fabric.3.2 For
9、 all other terminology related to textiles see Terminology D123.4. Summary of Method4.1 A test sample is mounted in a special clamping fixture to the base of a tensile testing machine. A hook (for loops specimen)or a tuft clamp (for cut pile specimen) are used to remove a specimen from the sample. T
10、he force to pull the specimen free fromthe test sample is measured as the tuft bind.5. Significance and Use5.1 Test Method D1335 for tuft bind of pile yarn floor coverings is being used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments.Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.1 This test
11、 method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved July 1, 2012July 15, 2017. Published August 2012August 2017. Originally approved in 1954. Discontinued in November 1995 and rei
12、nstatedas D1335 98.Last previous edition approved in 20112012 as D1335 11.D1335 12. DOI: 10.1520/D1335-12.10.1520/D1335-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM Standardsvolume information, refer
13、 to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all chan
14、ges accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Un
15、ited States15.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results using this test method, the purchaser and the suppliershould conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statisticalassistance is recommended from
16、the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test samples thatare homogeneous as possible and are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test samples should then be randomlyassigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results f
17、rom the two laboratories should be compared usingappropriate statistical analysis, and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begun. If a bias is found, either itscause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results wit
18、h considerationto the known bias.5.2 The satisfactory performance of a pile yarn floor covering depends to a considerable extent on the maintenance of its originalappearance. In a cut pile yarn floor covering an inadequate tuft bind may result in complete loss of pile in areas exposed to severewear.
19、 In a looped pile yarn floor covering with inadequate tuft bind the pile loops may be pulled out to form unsightly long loopswhich may be hazardous.6. Apparatus6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, Constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type, conforming to Specification D76, with a capacity selectedsuch that the f
20、orce required to complete the test falls within 15 to 85 % of full scale. A full scale ranging from 1 to 25 lbf (4.45to 111 N) is generally adequate. For constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type and constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) type machines, therate is 12 6 0.5 in./min (300 6 1012 mm/min). In case
21、of controversy the CRE type tensile testing machine shall prevail.NOTE 1The test results obtained with different types of testing machines is not always the same.6.2 Clamps and Jaw FacesThe use of hydraulic or pneumatic clamping systems with a minimum of 1 by 3 in. (25 by 76 mm)serrated or padded fa
22、ces designed to minimize slippage in the clamps during testing is recommended. Manual clamping ispermitted providing no slippage of the specimen is observed. The faces shall be parallel and have matching centers with respectto one another in the same clamp and to the corresponding jaw face of the ot
23、her clamp.6.3 Metal Cylindrical Sample Holder, 6.0 6 0.5 in. (152 6 12 mm) long made from 1.5 6 0.06 in. (38 6 1.5 mm) outsidediameter tubing with a section 2.0 6 0.2 in. (50 6 5.0 mm) long and 1.5 6 0.2 in. (38 6 5 mm) wide cut away from the centerportion of the tubing. See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The s
24、ample holder should be constructed in a manner that will permit clamping thetest sample in the non-measuring clamp of the tensile testing machine or replacement of the non-measuring clamp by the sampleholder.FIG. 1 Relative Position of Cylinder Opening, Cylinder, the Cylinder, Hook or Tuft Clamp and
25、 the Carpet SampleD1335 1726.4 Tuft Clamp, for use with a cut pile specimen. The clamp is a tweezer-like device that can be used to grip a single tuft tightlyenough to ensure removal from the sample without slippage. The gripping of the tuft by the tuft clamp is shown in Fig. 3.Alternatively, a hemo
26、stat3 can be used.6.5 Loop Hook, for use with loop pile specimen. The hook should be designed to readily pass through a tufted loop. The hookshould be made of steel wire having a diameter of at least 132 in. (0.8 mm). The wire must be constructed so that it can be hookedinto the test specimen and th
27、en clamped/attached to, or replace, the measuring clamp of the test machine. (See Fig. 4).7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing, take at random the number of rolls, or pieces, of pile yarn floor coveringas directed in an applicable material specification or other agreement
28、between the purchaser and the supplier. Consider the rolls,or pieces, of pile yarn floor covering to be the primary sampling units. In the absence of such agreement, take one roll or piecefrom the lot to be tested.NOTE 2An adequate specification or other agreement between the purchaser and supplier
29、requires taking into account the variability between rollsor pieces of pile yarn floor covering and between specimens from a roll or pieces of pile yarn floor covering to provide a sampling plan with a meaningfulproducers risk, consumers risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.3 H
30、emostats suitable for this purpose can be obtained from many laboratory equipment suppliers.FIG. 2 Cylinder ConfigurationFIG. 3 Tuft Clamp Device Gripping Tuft LegD1335 1737.2 Laboratory SampleFor acceptance testing, cut a section extending the full width of the pile yarn floor covering and at least
31、4 in. (100 mm) longer than the test sample requested in 7.3, from each roll, or piece, in the lot. For rolls of pile floor covering,take a sample that will exclude fabric with visible damage.7.3 Test SampleFrom each laboratory sampling unit, cut five test samples with the longer direction parallel t
32、o the machinedirection. Consider the long direction as the direction of test. Cut each test sample 6 by 8 in. (150 by 205200 mm). The test sampleshould be taken no nearer to the edge than 5 % of the pile yarn floor covering width.7.3.1 If the pile floor covering is back coated only, exercise care in
33、 handling the sample to prevent breaking, or otherwisedisturbing, the back coating.7.4 Test SpecimensTest three specimens from each test sample. A specimen is a tuft leg or loop. In cases where a pile yarnfloor covering contains both cut and uncut pile, test only the uncut (loop).NOTE 3If the uncut
34、(loop) is satisfactory, the cut pile will be adequate.7.5 Test ResultThe test result is the average for the three specimens in a test sample.8. Preparation and Verification of Apparatus8.1 Tensile Testing Machine, A constant-rate-of extension (CRE) type conforming to Specification D76 with a constan
35、trate-of-traverse of 12 6 0.5 in./min (300 6 1210 mm/min) is preferred. A constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) type tensile testingmachine conforming to Specification D76 and operated at the same speed is permitted.8.2 If required, replace the nonmeasuring clamp of the test machine with the sample holder
36、 described in 6.3.8.3 Replace the measuring clamp of the test machine with, or attach to the measuring clamp of the test machine, the tuft clampdescribed in 6.4 or the loop-hook described in 6.5 depending on which is required for the type of pile yarn floor covering undertest (Note 3).8.3.1 Because
37、the tuft clamp or loop hook is attached to, or replaces, the usual measuring clamp of the test machine, compensatefor the effect of the altered mass of the clamp to retain the previous verification of the testing machine.FIG. 4 Loop Hook Secured in the Upper Clamp (Note the hook has been passed thro
38、ugh the loop)D1335 1749. Conditioning9.1 Bring the test samples to moisture equilibrium for testing Condition the specimen in the standard atmosphere for testingtextiles, approaching equilibrium from the dry side, without heat. Determine that moisture equilibrium for testing has been attainedas dire
39、cted in textiles in accordance with Practice D1776.10. Procedure10.1 Cut Pile Yarn Floor Covering:10.1.1 Test the conditioned specimens in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.10.1.2 Mount the test sample on the sample holder and place in the stationary clamp jaws with the rows of tufts (mac
40、hinedirection) at right angles to the long axis of the holder in such a position that the tuft to be tested is approximately centered overthe cut away portion of the holder. The tension on the test sample should be uniform across the clamp width so that the samplepresents an undistorted cylindrical
41、surface over the cut away section of the sample holder. Locate a tuft or loop to be pulled outdirectly below the center of the pulling clamp or hook (see Fig. 1).10.1.3 Select only one specimen for testing from any one row and allow at least 1.0 in. (25 mm) between any tuft tested andthe edge of the
42、 sample.10.1.4 Using the tuft clamp grip one tuft leg (Fig. 3). Make certain that all fibers forming the tuft leg are securely gripped bythe tuft clamp. If multiple, single yarn ends form a leg, combine all the yarn ends, and test as one end. Take care not to pinch,“break the back” or otherwise defo
43、rm the test sample in the selection of, and attachment of the clamp to, the specimen under test.10.1.5 Start the testing machine. Record the maximum force to remove the tuft to the nearest 0.1 lbf (0.5 N). This force is calleda tuft bind.10.1.6 If the specimen breaks before it pulls away from the pi
44、le floor covering, evaluate the tuft and determine if the break was:(a) away from the jaw of the clamp, or (b) at the jaws of the clamp. If the break is away from the jaws of the clamp, consider thetuft bind strength of the specimen greater than the strength of the yarn and record the value. Note th
45、at the specimens tuft bindexceeded the strength for the yarn. Conversely, if the break is at the jaws of the clamp, discard the result because the clampingof the specimen damaged the tuft leg. Note that the specimen was discarded because of clamping damage to the specimen.10.1.7 Test the remaining s
46、pecimens taking them from different tuft rows at least 1 in. (25 mm) away from the first specimen.10.2 Loop Pile Yarn Floor Covering:10.2.1 Test the conditioned specimens in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.10.2.2 Mount the test sample on the sample holder as described in 10.1.2.10.2.3 S
47、elect only one loop for testing from any one row of tufts and allow at least 25 mm (1.0 in.)1 in. (25 mm) between anyloop tested and the edge of the test sample. Insert the loop hook in the loop to be tested. See Fig. 4.NOTE 4If Section 10 is not followed, a spurious value may be obtained because on
48、e or both ends of the tested loop may be buried in the backconstruction for a number of construction repeats.10.2.4 Start the testing machine. Record the maximum force to remove the loop specimen from the sample to the nearest 0.1lbf (0.5 N). This value is called tuft bind. If the yarn breaks before
49、 the tuft is removed from the sample, record the result and notethat the tuft blind strength exceeded the yarn strength.10.2.5 Test the remaining specimens taking them from a different tuft row.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the average tuft bind to the nearest 1.0 lbf (0.5 N) for each test sample, each laboratory sampling unit, and thelot.11.1.1 Tufting machines can produce stitches which cross over other stitches on the back side of the material. The stitches inthe plane which are closest to the primary backing, and those which cross over other stitches creat
