1、Designation: D 1622 08Standard Test Method forApparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1622; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the density of a cellular plastic
3、.Density can be evaluated as the apparent overall density(includes forming skins) or by apparent core density (formingskins removed).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address
4、all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This test method is equivalent to ISO 845.2. Referenced
5、 Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 845 Cellular Plastics and RubbersDetermination ofApparent (Bulk) Density33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 apparent
6、 core density (of a cellular plastic)theweight in air per unit volume of a sample, after all formingskins have been removed.3.1.2 apparent overall density (of a cellular plastic)theweight in air per unit volume of a sample, including all formingskins.3.1.3 When density or apparent density is used in
7、 referenceto a cellular plastic, without further qualification, it shall beinterpreted as follows:3.1.3.1 densityshall be interpreted as being the apparentoverall density if the material is to be used with forming skinsintact.3.1.3.2 densityshall be interpreted as the apparent coredensity if the for
8、ming skins have been, or will be, removedbefore the material is used.4. Significance and Use4.1 If the material to be tested includes forming skins, theapparent overall density, or the apparent core density, or both,shall be determined. If the material does not have formingskins, the term overall de
9、nsity is not applicable.4.2 This test method is also applicable to spray foammaterials.4.3 Before proceeding with this test method, reference shallbe made to the specification of the material being tested. Anytest specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testingparameters, or combination t
10、hereof, covered in the relevantASTM materials specification shall take precedence over thosementioned in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTMmaterial specifications, then the default conditions in thismethod apply.5. Apparatus5.1 Analytical Balance or Scale, capable of weighing thespecime
11、ns to the nearest 60.1 %.5.2 Micrometer Dial Gage, Caliper, or Steel Rule, suitablefor measuring dimensions of the specimen to 60.1 %.5.3 Dual Component Spray Equipment, designed to meterthe materials.6. Test Specimen6.1 The specimen shall be of a shape whose volume can bereadily calculated, and not
12、 less than 16.4 cm3(1.0 in.3)involume.6.2 If the sample is a single object whose weight andvolume can be measured accurately, the total weight and totalvolume may be used to determine the sample density. In thiscase, the test specimen is the entire sample.1This test method is under the jurisdiction
13、of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials -Plastics and Elastomers.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 1622 - 03.2For referenced ASTM s
14、tandards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Fl
15、oor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 When testing spray foam materials, specimens shall beprepared as follow
16、s:6.3.1 Test specimens shall be taken from finished foamsamples that have been sprayed from compounds in accordancewith 6.3.2.6.3.2 The sample compounds should be sprayed at roomtemperature between 20 to 24C, unless agreed upon by thecontractual parties. Spray equipment shall be adjusted to thebest
17、spray pattern and optimum performance. Spray apply aminimum 1.27-cm (12-in.) layer of foam to a 0.95-cm by63.5-cm by 63.5-cm (38-in. by 24-in. by 24-in.) primedplywood base or other suitable substrate. After a minimum of5 min, spray apply a second layer of 3.8 cm (112 in.).6.3.3 Cut a 2.54-cm (1-in.
18、) thick specimen from the secondlayer. For calculation of core density, remove the bottom layerand the top skin. For calculation of the apparent overall density,cut a specimen that includes the forming skin.6.4 If separate test specimens are cut from the sample, aminimum of three shall be used. The
19、specimens shall be takenfrom locations distributed throughout the sample.6.5 When apparent overall density is determined usingspecimens cut from a larger sample, the ratio of forming skinarea to total volume shall be the same for the test specimens asfor the sample.7. Conditioning7.1 Unless otherwis
20、e specified by the contract or relevantASTM material specification, condition the test specimens at23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity fornot less than 24 h prior to the test.7.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the standard labora-tory atmosphere of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5%
21、relative humidity, unless otherwise specified by the contract orrelevant ASTM materials specification.8. Number of Specimens8.1 A minimum of three specimens shall be tested, unlessthe entire sample is measured as a single specimen (see Section6).9. Procedure9.1 Weigh the test specimen on a balance o
22、r scale to aprecision of 60.1 %.9.2 Measure specimens with a caliper or a dial-type gagehaving a foot with a minimum area of 6.5 cm2(1 in.2). Hold thepressure of the dial foot to 2.7 6 0.7 kPa (0.4 6 0.1 psi), unlesssuch pressure indents the specimen. In these cases the pressureshall be reduced acco
23、rdingly. When a sliding caliper gage isused, the proper setting shall be that point at which themeasuring faces of the gage contact the surfaces of thespecimen without compressing them. Do not use a steel rule fordimensions less than 25 mm (1 in.). Measure all dimensions toa precision of 60.1 %. In
24、general, three measurements shall bemade of each dimension. A lesser number may be made whenthe following conditions apply:Measurementsper DimensionMaximum AllowedCross-Sectional AreaPerpendicular toMeasured DimensionMaximum AllowedLength of LongestPerpendicularDimension125cm2(4 in.2) 10cm(4in.)2 10
25、0 cm2(16 in.2) 30cm(12in.)10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the density to three significant figures asfollows:D 5 Ws/Vwhere:D = density of specimen, kg/m3,Ws= weight of specimen, kg, andV = volume of specimen, m3.NOTE 2To obtain density in g/cm3, divide D by 1000. To obtaindensity in lb/ft3, divide D b
26、y 16.10.2 SeeAppendix X1 for a density calculation that correctsfor the buoyant effect of air.NOTE 3The air buoyancy effect will vary with time and depends onthe open-cell content of the foam. Highly open-celled materials areessentially air-filled and will not exhibit the buoyant effects of air.Howe
27、ver, freshly produced closed-cell materials are essentially air-voidand will exhibit maximum buoyant effects of air.An additional 1.22 kg/m3(0.076 lb/ft3) would be added to the density of an air-void specimen if thecorrection is used.10.3 Calculate the standard deviation (estimated) as followsand re
28、port it to two significant figures:s 5SX22 nX2n 2 1or s 5 SX22 nX2!/n 2 1!#1/2where:s = estimated standard deviation,X = value of a single observation,n = number of observations, andX = arithmetic mean of the set of observations.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Complete descrip
29、tion of material tested, includingtype, source, code numbers, form, etc.,11.1.2 Conditioning procedure used if different from thatspecified in Section 7,11.1.3 Number of specimens tested if different from thatspecified in Section 8,TABLE 1 Within-Laboratory and Between-Laboratory Estimate ofPrecisio
30、n Based on Round-Robin Testing Data for D 1622 83Material Nominal Density AverageValues, kg/m3SrASRBIrCIRDM1 38 37.51 0.42 0.56 1.18 1.58M2 50 49.63 0.30 0.46 0.86 1.31M3 24 28.03 0.14 0.66 0.40 1.88M4 21 20.79 0.59 1.11 1.68 3.14ASris the within-laboratory standard deviation of the average.BSRis th
31、e between-laboratories standard deviation of the average.CIr= 2.83 Sr.DIR= 2.83 SR.D 1622 08211.1.4 Density, average value, and standard deviation, and11.1.5 Date of test.11.2 Unless otherwise stated, the density is assumed to bethe density calculated as defined in 10.1.12. Precision and Bias412.1 P
32、recision:12.1.1 Tables 1 and 2 are based on a round-robin conductedin 1982 in accordance with Practice E 691, involving fourmaterials tested by five laboratories. For each material, all thesamples were prepared at one source, but the individualspecimens were prepared at the laboratories that tested
33、them.Each test result was the average of five individual determina-tions. Each laboratory obtained one test result for each mate-rial.12.1.2 Concept of Irand IRWarningThe followingexplanations of Irand IR(12.1.2-12.1.5) are only intended topresent a meaningful way of considering the approximatepreci
34、sion of this test method. The data in Tables 1 and 2 shouldnot be rigorously applied to the acceptance or rejection ofmaterial, as those data are specific to the round-robin and maynot be representative of other lots, conditions, materials orlaboratories. Users of this test method should apply thepr
35、inciples outlined in Practice E 691 to generate data specificto their laboratory and materials, or between specific laborato-ries. The principles of 12.1.2-12.1.5 would then be valid forsuch data.If Srand SRhave been calculated from a large enough bodyof data, and for test results that were averages
36、 (medians/otherfunction) from testing five specimens:12.1.3 Repeatability (Ir)Comparing two test results forthe same material, obtained by the same operator using thesame equipment on the same day, the two test results should bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the Irfor thatmaterial
37、.12.1.4 Reproducibility (IR)Comparing two test results forthe same material, obtained by different operators using differ-ent equipment on different days, the two test results should bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the IRvaluefor that material.12.1.5 Any judgment made in accordan
38、ce with 12.1.3 and12.1.4 would have an approximate 95 % (0.95) probability ofbeing correct.12.2 The precision has not been determined for the testmethod specific to spray foam materials.12.3 BiasBias is systematic error that contributes to thedifference between a test result and a true (or reference
39、) value.There are no recognized standards on which to base an estimateof bias for this test method.13. Keywords13.1 apparent core density; apparent density; apparent over-all density; density; rigid cellular plastics; spray foamAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. DENSITY CALCULATION USING A CORREC
40、TION FOR THE BUOYANT EFFECT OF AIRX1.1 Calculate the density to three significant figures asfollows:D 5$Ws1 Wa!/V%where:D = density of specimen, kg/m3,Ws= weight of specimen, kg,Wa= weight of displaced air, kg, calculated by multiplyingthe volume of the specimen in cubic metres by thedensity of air
41、at atmospheric temperature and pres-sure. (The density of air at 23C and 760 mm Hg ofpressure = 1.22 kg/m3(0.076 lb/ft3), andV = volume of specimen, m3.X1.2 The error associated with the density not using thecorrection for the buoyant effect of air is dynamic andapproaches zero as air infiltrates in
42、to a sample. Thus, the valueof Wais zero in the above calculation when the sample is atequilibrium with the air. In this case the calculation for densityis identical to the calculation in 10.1.4Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR: D20-1105.TABLE 2 Within-Laboratory and B
43、etween-Laboratory RelativePrecision Based on Round-Robin Testing Data for D 1622 83MaterialNominalDensity,kg/m3Average,kg/m3Values Expressed as Percent of the AverageVrAVRBVIrCVIRDM1 38 37.51 1.12 1.49 3.17 4.22M2 50 49.63 0.60 0.93 1.70 2.53M3 24 28.03 0.50 2.35 1.42 6.65M4 21 20.79 2.84 5.34 8.04
44、15.11AVris the within-laboratory coefficient of variation of the average.BVRis the between-laboratories coefficient of variation of the average.CVIr= 2.83 Vr.DVIR= 2.83 VR.D 1622 083SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(
45、D 1622 - 03) that may impact the use of this standard. (April 1, 2008)(1) Added new 1.1 to state the purpose of the test method.(2) Revised Note 1, 4.3, and Section 7 to meet requirements ofGuide D 4968.(3) Deleted “of” in 6.3.2.(4) Corrected typos in Section 12.(5) Revised Average value for Materia
46、l 3 in Table 1.(6) Revised Material 4 repeatability interval, Ir.(7) Revised Average value for Material 3 in Table 2.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly
47、advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, eit
48、her reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend
49、. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 1622 084
