1、Designation: D1655 14c An American National StandardStandard Specification forAviation Turbine Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1655; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the use of purch
3、asing agenciesin formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbinefuel under contract.1.2 This specification defines specific types of aviationturbine fuel for civil use in the operation and certification ofaircraft and describes fuels found satisfactory for the operationof aircraft and e
4、ngines. Although not specifically designed forother applications, Specification D1655 fuels also may be usedin other applications with or without further modification (forexample, additization) when approved by the appropriateauthority. The specification can be used as a standard indescribing the qu
5、ality of aviation turbine fuels from productionto the aircraft.1.3 This specification does not define the quality assurancetesting and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel in thedistribution system continues to comply with this specificationafter batch certification. Such procedures are definede
6、lsewhere, for example in ICAO 9977, EI/JIG Standard 1530,JIG 1, JIG 2, API 1543, API 1595, and ATA-103.1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactoryfor aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditionsof use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range ofcharacteristics
7、than is shown by this specification.1.5 Aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification maybe used in other than turbine engines that are specificallydesigned and certified for this fuel.1.6 This specification no longer includes wide-cut aviationturbine fuel (Jet B). FAA has issued a Special Ai
8、rworthinessInformation Bulletin which now approves the use of Specifi-cation D6615 to replace Specification D1655 as the specifica-tion for Jet B and refers users to this standard for reference.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are include
9、d in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleu
10、m Products (Gen-eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hy-drocarbon
11、Fuels by Bomb CalorimeterD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in
12、 Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1322 Test Method for Smoke Po
13、int of Kerosine andAviation Turbine FuelD1405 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD1660 Method of Test for Thermal Stability of AviationTurbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1992)31This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid F
14、uels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.J0.01 on Jet Fuel Specifications.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2014. Published January 2015. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1655 14b. DOI:10.1520/D1655-14C.2For referenced ASTM standa
15、rds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A S
16、ummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Avia-tion Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet SpectrophotometryD2276 Test Method f
17、or Particulate Contaminant in AviationFuel by Line SamplingD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsD28
18、87 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-troleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum(15-Theoretical Plate Column)D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3227 Test
19、Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur inGasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels(Potentiometric Method)D3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In AviationTurbine FuelsD3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability ofAviation Turbine FuelsD3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation T
20、urbine FuelD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD3343 Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content ofAviation FuelsD3701 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of AviationTurbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear MagneticResonance SpectrometryD3828 Test Methods for
21、Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Char-acteristics ofAviationTurbine Fuels by Portable Separom-eterD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petr
22、oleum andPetroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spe
23、c-trometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (PrecisionMethod)D4865 Guide for G
24、eneration and Dissipation of Static Elec-tricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD4952 Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for ActiveSulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5001 Test Method for Measurement
25、 of Lubricity of Avia-tion Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (BOCLE)D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System IcingInhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation FuelsD5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)3D5191 Test Method
26、for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-tion Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Flu
27、orescenceD5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Phase Transition Method)D6045 Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by theAutomatic Tristimulus MethodD6379 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydro-carbon Types in Aviation Fuels and PetroleumDistillatesHigh Perf
28、ormance Liquid ChromatographyMethod with Refractive Index DetectionD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation TurbineFuelD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)for Middle Distillate FuelsD7042 Test Method for Dyna
29、mic Viscosity and Density ofLiquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation ofKinematic Viscosity)D7153 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Laser Method)D7154 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Fiber Optical Method)D7345 Test Method for Distillatio
30、n of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation Method)D7524 Test Method for Determination of Static DissipaterAdditives (SDA) in Aviation Turbine Fuel and MiddleDistillate FuelsHigh Performance Liquid Chromato-graph (HPLC) MethodD7566 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Conta
31、iningSynthesized HydrocarbonsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 IP Standards:4EI/JIG 1530 Quality Assurance Requirements for theManufacture, Storage and Distribution of Aviation Fuelsto AirportsIP 12 Determination of Specific EnergyI
32、P 16 Determination of Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsManual MethodIP 57 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of the SmokePoint of Kerosine4Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.D1655 14c2IP 71 Section 1 Petroleum ProductsTransparent andO
33、paque LiquidsDetermination of Kinematic Viscosityand Calculation of Dynamic ViscosityIP 123 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of DistillationCharacteristics at Atmospheric PressureIP 154 Petroleum ProductsCorrosiveness to CopperCopper Strip TestIP 156 Petroleum Products and Related MaterialsDeterminat
34、ion of Hydrocarbon TypesFluorescent Indi-cator Adsorption MethodIP 160 Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum ProductsLaboratory Determination of Density HydrometerMethodIP 170 Determination of Flash PointAbel Closed-CupMethodIP 216 Particulate Contaminant in Aviation FuelIP 225 Copper Content of Avia
35、tion Turbine FuelIP 227 Silver Corrosion of Aviation Turbine FuelIP 274 Determination of Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsIP 323 Determination of Thermal Oxidation Stability of GasTurbine FuelsIP 336 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of SulfurContentEnergy-Dispersive X-ray Fluore
36、scence Spec-trometryIP 342 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of Thiol (Mer-captan) Sulfur in Light and Middle Distillate FuelsPotentiometric MethodIP 354 Determination of theAcid Number ofAviation Fuels-Colour-Indicator Titration MethodIP 365 Crude Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsDetermination of Dens
37、ityOscillating U-tube MethodIP 406 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of BoilingRange Distribution by Gas ChromatographyIP 423 Determination of Particulate Contamination in Avia-tion Turbine Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationIP 435 Determination of the Freezing Point of AviationTurbine Fuels by the Automat
38、ic Phase Transition MethodIP 436 Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types inAviation Fuels and Petroleum Distillates High Perfor-mance Liquid Chromatography Method with RefractiveIndex DetectionIP 523 Determination of Flash PointRapid EquilibriumClosed Cup MethodIP 528 Determination for the Freez
39、ing Point of AviationTurbine FuelsAutomatic Fibre Optic MethodIP 529 Determination of the Freezing Point of AviationTurbine FuelsAutomatic Laser MethodIP 540 Determination of the Existent Gum Content of Avia-tion Turbine FuelJet Evaporation MethodIP 585 Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAM
40、E),Derived from Bio-diesel Fuel, in Aviation Turbine FuelGC-MS with Selective Ion Monitoring/Scan DetectionMethodIP 590 Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME)in Aviation FuelHPLC Evaporative Light ScatteringDetector MethodIP 599 Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME)in Aviation T
41、urbine Fuel by Gas Chromatography usingHeart-cut and Refocusing2.3 API Standards:5API 1543 Documentation, Monitoring and Laboratory Test-ing of Aviation Fuel During Shipment from Refinery toAirportAPI 1595 Design, Construction, Operation, Maintenance,and Inspection of Aviation Pre-Airfield Storage T
42、erminals2.4 Joint Inspection Group Standards:6JIG 1 Aviation Fuel Quality Control therefore the specification limits aviation turbine fuels tothose made from conventional sources or by specificallyapproved processes.5.1.1 Aviation turbine fuel, except as otherwise specified inthis specification, sha
43、ll consist predominantly of refined hydro-carbons (see Note 1) derived from conventional sourcesincluding crude oil, natural gas liquid condensates, heavy oil,shale oil, and oil sands. The use of jet fuel blends containingcomponents from other sources is permitted only in accordancewith Annex A1.NOT
44、E 1Conventionally refined jet fuel contains trace levels ofmaterials that are not hydrocarbons, including oxygenates, organosulfur,and nitrogenous compounds.5.1.2 Fuels used in certified engines and aircraft are ulti-mately approved by the certifying authority subsequent toformal submission of evide
45、nce to the authority as part of thetype certification program for that aircraft and engine model.Additives to be used as supplements to an approved fuel mustalso be similarly approved on an individual basis (see X1.2.4and X1.15.1).5.2 AdditivesMay be added to each type of aviationturbine fuel in the
46、 amount and of the composition specified inTable 2 or the following list of approved material:5.2.1 Other additives are permitted under 5.1 and 7.1. Theseinclude fuel performance enhancing additives and fuel handingand maintenance additives as found under Table 2. Thequantities and types must be dec
47、lared by the fuel supplier andagreed to by the purchaser. Only additives approved by theaircraft certifying authority are permitted in the fuel on whichan aircraft is operated.5.2.1.1 Biocidal additives are available for controlled usage.Where such an additive is used in the fuel, the approval statu
48、sof the additive and associated conditions must be checked forthe specific aircraft and engines to be operated.5.2.1.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor:(1) Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DiEGME), con-forming to the requirements of Specification D4171, Type III,may be used in concentrations of 0.10 t
49、o 0.15 volume %.(2) Test Method D5006 may be used to determine theconcentration of DiEGME in aviation fuels.5.3 Identified Incidental MaterialsIncidental materials arechemicals and compositions that can occur in turbine fuels asa result of production, processing, distribution, or storage.Table 3 lists specific materials that have an agreed limit, knownas Identified Incidental Materials. Specification D1655 doesnot require that each batch of fuel be analyzed for identifiedincidental materials where there is essentially no risk ofcontamination exceeding
