1、Designation: D1655 15c An American National StandardStandard Specification forAviation Turbine Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1655; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the use of purch
3、asing agenciesin formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbinefuel under contract.1.2 This specification defines the minimum property re-quirements for Jet A and Jet A-1 aviation turbine fuel and listsacceptable additives for use in civil operated engines andaircrafts. Specification D
4、1655 is directed at civil applications,and maintained as such, but may be adopted for military,government or other specialized uses.1.3 This specification can be used as a standard in describ-ing the quality of aviation turbine fuel from production to theaircraft. However, this specification does no
5、t define the qualityassurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuelin the distribution system continues to comply with thisspecification after batch certification. Such procedures aredefined elsewhere, for example in ICAO 9977, EI/JIG Stan-dard 1530, JIG 1, JIG 2, API 1543, API 1595,
6、and ATA-103.1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactoryfor aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditionsof use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range ofcharacteristics than is shown by this specification.1.5 Aviation turbine fuels defined by this specificatio
7、n maybe used in other than turbine engines that are specificallydesigned and certified for this fuel.1.6 This specification no longer includes wide-cut aviationturbine fuel (Jet B). FAA has issued a Special AirworthinessInformation Bulletin which now approves the use of Specifi-cation D6615 to repla
8、ce Specification D1655 as the specifica-tion for Jet B and refers users to this standard for reference.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Poin
9、t by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D130 Test Method for Corrosi
10、veness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hy-drocarbon Fuels by Bomb CalorimeterD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Reid Met
11、hod)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGrav
12、ity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine andAviation Turbine FuelD1405 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Com
13、bus-tion of Aviation FuelsD1660 Method of Test for Thermal Stability of AviationTurbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1992)31This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.J0.01 on Jet Fuel
14、Specifications.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D1655 15b. DOI:10.1520/D1655-15C.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm
15、.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International
16、, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Avia-tion Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet SpectrophotometryD2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in AviationFuel by Line SamplingD2386 Test Method for Freezing
17、 Point of Aviation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatograp
18、hyD2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum(15-Theoretical Plate Column)D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur inGasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillat
19、e Fuels(Potentiometric Method)D3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In AviationTurbine FuelsD3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability ofAviation Turbine FuelsD3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine FuelD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD
20、3343 Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content ofAviation FuelsD3701 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of AviationTurbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear MagneticResonance SpectrometryD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separa
21、tion Char-acteristics ofAviationTurbine Fuels by Portable Separom-eterD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4176 Test
22、 Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace C
23、ontaminationD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (PrecisionMethod)D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-tricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD4952 Test Meth
24、od for Qualitative Analysis for ActiveSulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Avia-tion Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (BOCL
25、E)D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System IcingInhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation FuelsD5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)3D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5452 Test Method for Particulate
26、Contamination in Avia-tion Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Phase Transitio
27、n Method)D6045 Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by theAutomatic Tristimulus MethodD6379 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydro-carbon Types in Aviation Fuels and PetroleumDistillatesHigh Performance Liquid ChromatographyMethod with Refractive Index DetectionD6469 Guide for Microb
28、ial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation TurbineFuelD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)for Middle Distillate FuelsD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density ofLiquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation ofKinema
29、tic Viscosity)D7153 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Laser Method)D7154 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Fiber Optical Method)D7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distil-lation Meth
30、od)D7524 Test Method for Determination of Static DissipaterAdditives (SDA) in Aviation Turbine Fuel and MiddleDistillate FuelsHigh Performance Liquid Chromato-graph (HPLC) MethodD7566 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel ContainingSynthesized HydrocarbonsD7797 Test Method for Determination of the
31、 Fatty AcidMethyl Esters Content of Aviation Turbine Fuel UsingFlow Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectros-copy Rapid Screening MethodE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 IP Standards:4EI/JIG 1530 Quality Assurance Requirement
32、s for theManufacture, Storage and Distribution of Aviation Fuelsto Airports4Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.D1655 15c2IP 12 Determination of Specific EnergyIP 16 Determination of Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsManual MethodIP
33、71 Section 1 Petroleum ProductsTransparent andOpaque LiquidsDetermination of Kinematic Viscosityand Calculation of Dynamic ViscosityIP 123 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of DistillationCharacteristics at Atmospheric PressureIP 154 Petroleum ProductsCorrosiveness to CopperCopper Strip TestIP 156 Pet
34、roleum Products and Related MaterialsDetermination of Hydrocarbon TypesFluorescent Indi-cator Adsorption MethodIP 160 Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum ProductsLaboratory Determination of Density HydrometerMethodIP 170 Determination of Flash PointAbel Closed-CupMethodIP 216 Particulate Contaminan
35、t in Aviation FuelIP 225 Copper Content of Aviation Turbine FuelIP 227 Silver Corrosion of Aviation Turbine FuelIP 274 Determination of Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsIP 323 Determination of Thermal Oxidation Stability of GasTurbine FuelsIP 336 Petroleum ProductsDetermination
36、 of SulfurContentEnergy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryIP 342 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of Thiol (Mer-captan) Sulfur in Light and Middle Distillate FuelsPotentiometric MethodIP 354 Determination of theAcid Number ofAviation Fuels-Colour-Indicator Titration MethodIP 365 Crude Petrol
37、eum and Petroleum ProductsDetermination of DensityOscillating U-tube MethodIP 406 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of BoilingRange Distribution by Gas ChromatographyIP 423 Determination of Particulate Contamination in Avia-tion Turbine Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationIP 435 Determination of the Freezin
38、g Point of AviationTurbine Fuels by the Automatic Phase Transition MethodIP 436 Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types inAviation Fuels and Petroleum Distillates High Perfor-mance Liquid Chromatography Method with RefractiveIndex DetectionIP 523 Determination of Flash PointRapid EquilibriumClos
39、ed Cup MethodIP 528 Determination for the Freezing Point of AviationTurbine FuelsAutomatic Fibre Optic MethodIP 529 Determination of the Freezing Point of AviationTurbine FuelsAutomatic Laser MethodIP 540 Determination of the Existent Gum Content of Avia-tion Turbine FuelJet Evaporation MethodIP 583
40、 Determination of the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Con-tent of Aviation Turbine Fuel Using Flow Analysis byFourier Transform Infrared SpectroscopyRapid Screen-ing MethodIP 585 Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME),Derived from Bio-diesel Fuel, in Aviation Turbine FuelGC-MS with Selective Ion
41、Monitoring/Scan DetectionMethodIP 590 Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME)in Aviation FuelHPLC Evaporative Light ScatteringDetector MethodIP 598 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of the SmokePoint of Kerosine, Manual and Automated MethodIP 599 Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAM
42、E)in Aviation Turbine Fuel by Gas Chromatography usingHeart-cut and Refocusing2.3 API Standards:5API 1543 Documentation, Monitoring and Laboratory Test-ing of Aviation Fuel During Shipment from Refinery toAirportAPI 1595 Design, Construction, Operation, Maintenance,and Inspection of Aviation Pre-Air
43、field Storage Terminals2.4 Joint Inspection Group Standards:6JIG 1 Aviation Fuel Quality Control therefore the specification limits aviation turbine fuels tothose made from conventional sources or by specificallyapproved processes.6.1.1 Aviation turbine fuel, except as otherwise specified inthis spe
44、cification, shall consist predominantly of refined hydro-carbons (see Note 1) derived from conventional sourcesincluding crude oil, natural gas liquid condensates, heavy oil,shale oil, and oil sands. The use of jet fuel blends containingcomponents from other sources is permitted only in accordancewi
45、th Annex A1.NOTE 1Conventionally refined jet fuel contains trace levels ofmaterials that are not hydrocarbons, including oxygenates, organosulfur,and nitrogenous compounds.6.1.2 Fuels used in certified engines and aircraft are ulti-mately approved by the certifying authority subsequent toformal subm
46、ission of evidence to the authority as part of thetype certification program for that aircraft and engine model.Additives to be used as supplements to an approved fuel mustalso be similarly approved on an individual basis (see X1.2.4and X1.15.1).6.2 AdditivesOnly additives approved by the aviationin
47、dustry (including the aircraft certifying authority) are permit-ted in the fuel on which an aircraft is operated. The additivesapproved for use in D1655 jet fuel are shown in Table 2 andmay be used within the concentration limits shown in the tablesubject to any restrictions described in the table f
48、ootnotes.6.3 Identified Incidental MaterialsTable 3 lists specificmaterials that have an agreed limit, known as IdentifiedIncidental Materials. Specification D1655 does not require thateach batch of fuel be analyzed for identified incidental mate-rials where there is essentially no risk of contamina
49、tionexceeding Table 3 limits. Where a supplier risk assessmentsuggests that identified incidental materials could exceed Table3 limits, jet fuel should be confirmed to comply with Table 3limits prior to airport supply because airports generally are notequipped to mitigate identified incidental material content thatexceeds specification limits. Further guidance concerning thesematerials is presented in X1.16.6.4 Guidance material is presented in Appendix X2 con-cerning the need to control processing additives in jet fuelproduction.7. Detailed Requir
