1、Designation: D1777 96 (Reapproved 2011)1Standard Test Method forThickness of Textile Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1777; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTETerminology was removed in order to comply with the D13 Terminology Policy.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thick-ne
3、ss of most textile materials.1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics includingwoven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knittedfabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may beuntreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwisetreated. Instructions are pro
4、vided for testing thickness, exceptas provided for in another standard such as listed in Section 2.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values stated in inch-pound may be approximate.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any,
5、associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice f
6、or Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed DataD2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextiles32.2 ASTM Adjuncts:TEX-PAC43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of textile terms used i
7、n thistest method, see Terminology D123.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:cross-machine direction, machine direction, pressure, andthickness.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is placed on the base of a thickness gaugeand a weighted presser foot lowered. The displacement b
8、e-tween the base and the presser foot is measured as the thicknessof the specimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments since current estimatesof between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this testmethod is used
9、extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there isa statistica
10、l bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that arefrom a lot of material of the type in question. Test specimensthen shou
11、ld be randomly assigned in equal numbers to eachlaboratory for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using the appropriate statis-tical analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either itscaus
12、e must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future test results with consid-eration to the known bias.5.2 Thickness is one of the basic physical properties oftextile materials. In certain industrial applications, the thick-ness may require rigid control wi
13、thin specified limits. Bulk andwarmth properties of textile materials are often estimated fromtheir thickness values, and thickness is also useful in measuringsome performance characteristics, such as before and afterabrasion and shrinkage.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committe
14、e D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,General.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published January 2007. Originallyapproved in 1960. Discontinued in November 1995 and reinstated as D1777 96.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1777 9
15、6(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D1777-96R11E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last app
16、roved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4A PC program on floppy disk for analyzing Committee D13 interlaboratorydata are available from ASTM Headquarters. For a 312-in. disk, request PCN:12-429040-18. For a 514-in. disk, request PCN:12-429041-18.1Copyright ASTM Interna
17、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 The thickness value of most textile materials will varyconsiderably depending on the pressure applied to the speci-men at the time the thickness measurement is taken. In allcases, the apparent thickness v
18、aries inversely with the pressureapplied. For this reason, it is essential that the pressure bespecified when discussing or listing any thickness value.5.4 When using this test method for measuring the thicknessof textile materials, the primary method for the specificmaterial such as listed in the R
19、eferenced Document sectionshall take precedence over the directions described in this testmethod, unless specifically provided for in that test method.This test method is used in its entirety when no test method formeasuring thickness is available for the specific material to betested or unless othe
20、rwise specified in a material specificationor contract order.6. Apparatus6.1 Thickness Gauge, having dimensions appropriate to thematerial to be tested as specified in Table 1, unless otherwisespecified in a material specification or contract order.Acircularpresser foot commonly is used for most mat
21、erials; however, forcertain materials, such as narrow tapes, a rectangular foot ismore appropriate when agreed upon between the purchaser andthe supplier.6.1.1 Automatic Microprocessor Data Gathering Systems,optional.6.1.2 Spring Force or Compression Test Apparatus, may besubstituted for the dead-we
22、ight-type thickness gauge providingthey meet the specified conditions cited in Table 1.6.2 Cutting Dies or Templates, to cut specimens havingminimum dimensions at least 20 % greater than any dimensionof the presser foot to be used in measuring the thickness(optional).7. Sampling and Test Specimens7.
23、1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,randomly select the number of rolls or pieces of fabric directedin an applicable material specification or other agreementbetween the purchaser and the supplier. Consider the rolls orpieces of fabric to be the primary sampling units. In theabsence o
24、f such an agreement, take the number of fabric rollsspecifed in Table 2.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variabilitybetween rolls or pieces of fabric and between specimens from a swatchfrom a roll or piece of fa
25、bric to provide a sampling plan with a meaningfulproducers risk, consumers risk, acceptable quality level, and limitingquality level.7.2 Laboratory SampleFor acceptance testing, take aswatch extending the width of the fabric and approximately 1m (1 yd) along the machine direction from each roll or p
26、iece inthe lot sample. For rolls of fabric, take a sample that willexclude fabric from the outer wrap of the roll or the inner wraparound the core of the roll of fabric. For finished garments, takea piece of sufficient size to provide the number of specimensrequired in 7.3.7.3 Test SpecimensFrom eac
27、h laboratory sampling unit,take ten specimens. Use the cutting die or template described in6.2. It is permissible to make thickness tests of a textilematerial without cutting, providing it can be maintainedwithout distortion in a plane parallel to the presser foot andanvil while making measurements.
28、7.3.1 Cutting Test SpecimensWhen cutting specimens, cuthaving minimum dimensions at least 20 % greater than anydimension of the presser foot to be used. Label to maintainspecimen identity.7.3.1.1 Take specimens, representing a broad distributionacross the width and length, and preferably along the d
29、iagonal,of the laboratory sample and no nearer the edge than one tenthits width. Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, orwrinkles. Avoid getting oil, water, grease, and so forth, on thespecimens when handling.8. Preparation of Test Apparatus and Calibration8.1 Use Table 1 to select the thickn
30、ess gauge designated forthe material to be tested.TABLE 1 Designated Gauges and Gauge Specifications for Measuring Thickness of TextilesTestingOptionAMaterialTypeGaugeTypeBPresser FootDiameterAnvilAnvil/FootParallelismFoot to AnvilSurface ParallelismApplied Pressure Readability1 Woven fabricsKnitted
31、 fabricsTextured fabricsdead-weight 28.7 6 0.02 mm(1.129 6 0.001 in.)38 mm D, or greater(1.629 in. D, or greater)0.01 mm(0.0005 in.)0.002 mm(0.0001 in.)4.14 6 0.21 kPa(0.60 6 0.03 psi)0.02 mm(0.001 in.)2 Coated fabricsNarrow fabricsWebbingsTapesRibbonsBraidsdead-weight 9.5 6 0.02 mm(0.375 6 0.001 in
32、.)38 mm D, or greater(1.629 in. D, or greater)0.01 mm(0.0005 in.)0.002 mm(0.0001 in.)23.4 6 0.7 kPa(3.46 0.1 psi)0.02 mm(0.001 in.)3 FilmsGlass clothsGlass tapesdead-weight 6.3 6 0.02 mm(0.250 6 0.001 in.)19 mm D, or greater(0.750 in. D, or greater)0.002 mm(0.0001 in.)0.002 mm(0.0001 in.)172 6 14 kP
33、a(25 6 2 psi)0.002 mm(0.0001 in.)4 Glass fiber mat dead-weight (2.25 6 0.001 in.) (2.75 in. D, or greater) 0.01 mm(0.0005 in.)0.002 mm(0.0001 in.)18.9 6 0.7 kPa(2.75 6 0.1 psi)0.02 mm(0.001 in.)5 BlanketsPile fabricsNapped fabricsdead-weight 28.7 6 0.02 mm(1.129 6 0.001 in.)38 mm D, or greater(1.629
34、 in. D, or greater)0.01 mm(0.0005 in.)0.002 mm(0.0001 in.)0.7 6 0.07 kPa(0.1 6 0.01 psi)also 7.58 6 0.21kPa (1.1 6 0.03 psi)0.02 mm(0.001 in.)AWhen testing fabrics made with textured yarns or open-end spun yarns, primary consideration should be given to the pressure applied in Option 1, with respect
35、 to thesize of the presser foot used.BOther spring force or compression test apparatus that meet the stated specifications can be used.D1777 96 (2011)128.2 Verify calibration of the thickness gauge as directed inthe manufacturers instructions.8.3 When using microprocessor automatic data gatheringsys
36、tems, set the appropriate parameters as defined in themanufacturers instructions.9. Conditioning9.1 Precondition the specimens by bringing them to ap-proximate moisture equilibrium in the standard atmosphere forpreconditioning textiles as specified in Practice D1776, unlessotherwise specified in a m
37、aterial specification or contract order.9.2 After preconditioning, bring the test specimens to mois-ture equilibrium for testing in the standard atmosphere fortesting textiles as specified in Practice D1776 or, if applicable,in the specified atmosphere in which the testing is to beperformed, unless
38、otherwise specified in a material specifica-tion or contract order.10. Procedure10.1 Test the conditioned specimens in the standard atmo-sphere for testing textiles, which is 21 6 1C (70 6 2F) and65 6 2 % relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in amaterial specification or contract order.10.2
39、 Handle the test specimens carefully to avoid alteringthe natural state of the material.10.3 Place the specimen face side up, or otherwise asspecified, on the anvil of the thickness gauge. Gradually lowerthe presser foot into contact with the specimen, taking 5 to 6 sto apply full pressure for most
40、textiles and 3 to 4 s for glassmaterial textiles.10.4 Read and record the thickness value to a readabilityshown in Table 1.10.5 Continue as directed in 10.2-10.4 until ten specimenshave been tested from each laboratory sampling unit.11. Calculation11.1 Thickness, Individual SpecimensThe thickness fo
41、rindividual specimens using the readability column of Table 1 isread directly from the thickness gauge or data collectionsystem, unless otherwise specified in a material specification orcontract order.11.2 Thickness AverageCalculate the average thicknessfor each laboratory sampling unit and for the
42、lot.11.3 Standard Deviation, Coeffcient of VariationCalculate when requested.11.4 Computer-Processed DataWhen data are automati-cally computer-processed, calculations generally are containedin the associated software. Record values as read from thedirect-reading scale designated in the readability c
43、olumn ofTable 1, unless otherwise specified. In any event, it is recom-mended that computer-processed data be verified againstknown property values and its software described in the report.12. Report12.1 Report that the thickness was determined in accor-dance with Test Method D1777. Describe the mat
44、erial orproduct sampled and the method of sampling used.12.2 Report the following information for each laboratorysampling unit and for the lot as applicable to a materialspecification or contract order:12.2.1 Thickness.12.2.2 Testing option selected from Table 1.12.2.3 When calculated, the standard
45、deviation or the coef-ficient of variation.TABLE 4 Thickness of Fabrics, milsTest Options andMaterialsCritical Differences for the Conditions NotedANumber ofObservationsin EachAverageSingle-OperatorPrecisionWithin-LaboratoryPrecisionBetween-LaboratoryPrecisionOption 1Mat 6, S/0002H 1 0.53 0.72 1.962
46、 0.37 0.61 1.935 0.24 0.54 1.9110 0.17 0.51 1.90Mat 7, S/28305 1 4.05 4.33 4.332 2.86 3.25 3.255 1.81 2.37 2.3710 1.28 2.00 2.00Mat 9, S/Denim 1 2.10 2.39 4.892 1.48 1.88 4.665 0.94 1.48 4.52TABLE 2 Number of Rolls or Pieces of Fabric in the Lot SampleNumber of Rolls or Piecesin Lot, InclusiveNumber
47、 of Rolls or Pieces in Lot Sample1to3 all4to24 425 to 50 5over 50 10 % to a maximum of 10 rolls or piecesTABLE 3 Thickness of Fabrics, milsTest Options andMaterialsGrandAverageComponents of Variance ExpressedasStandard DeviationsASingle-OperatorComponentWithin-LaboratoryComponentBetween-LaboratoryCo
48、mponentOption 1Mat 6, S/0002H 7.13 0.19 0.17 0.66Mat 7, S/28305 11.49 1.46 0.55 0.02Mat 9, S/Denim 38.65 0.75 0.41 1.54Option 2Mat 6, S/0002H 7.04 0.23 0.00 0.72Mat 7, S/28305 11.84 0.23 0.27 0.48Mat 9, S/Denim 38.33 0.64 0.00 1.64Option 3Mat 6, S/0002H 6.68 0.32 0.18 0.58Mat 7, S/28305 11.50 0.37 0
49、.13 0.49Mat 9, S/Denim 36.50 0.60 0.19 2.41Option 4Mat 6, S/0002H 10.20 0.40 0.00 .Mat 7, S/28305 12.85 0.36 0.00 .Mat 9, S/Denim 43.95 1.08 0.54 .Option 5 (0.1 psi)Mat 10, Pile 178.08 8.79 0.00 3.30Mat 14, Pile 46.91 1.15 0.16 0.69Option 5 (1.1 psi)Mat 10, Pile 101.67 4.63 0.00 10.08Mat 14, Pile 38.37 1.51 0.33 0.28AThe square roots of the components of variance are being reported to expressthe variability in the appropriate units of measure rather than as the squares ofthose units of measure.D1777 96 (2011)13TABLE 4 ContinuedTest Options andMaterialsCri
