1、Designation: D 1867 07An American National StandardStandard Specification forCopper-Clad Thermosetting Laminates for Printed Wiring1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1867; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers twelve grades of thermosettinglaminate with copper foil bonded to one
3、 or both surfaces. Thesecombination forms are intended primarily for use in fabricationof printed (etched) wiring or circuit boards.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport
4、to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 709 S
5、pecification for Laminated Thermosetting MaterialsD 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD 3636 Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of SolidElectrical Insulating MaterialsD 5109 Test Methods for Copper-Clad ThermosettingLaminates for Printed Wiring Boards2.2 Other Standards:MIL-P-
6、13949 Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Metal Clad (forPrinted Wiring Boards)3NEMA Publication Number LI-143. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer toTerminology D 1711.4. Classification4.1 Base Laminate GradesWhere applicable, the dielec-tric material forming the base of the
7、copper-clad laminate ofthe types listed in Table 1 and Table 2 shall conform to theproperty requirements of that specific grade shown in Specifi-cation D 709.4.2 Copper Foil SurfacesThe surfaces shall be copperfoil, either rolled or electrodeposited, having a minimum purityof 99.50 % (silver conside
8、red as equal to copper). The thick-ness tolerances of the copper foil shall conform to therequirements of Table 3.4.3 Thickness Tolerance ClassesCopper-clad laminatesare available in two classes of thickness tolerance. Class Irepresents those tolerances of standard manufacturing practice.Class II re
9、presents a closer tolerance product than Class I. Anyspecified class shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 4.4.3.1 For sheets of laminate equal to or greater than 18 by18 in. (approximately 2.3 ft2) at least 90 % of all thickness testmeasurements made upon any sheet of laminate shall be wi
10、thinthe limits specified in Table 4. For metric size sheets this 90 %requirement shall apply to sheet sizes of 0.5 by 0.5 m or 0.25m2area.4.3.2 The deviation of any single thickness test measure-ment value (see Practice D 3636) from the nominal overallthickness listed in Table 4 shall not exceed 125
11、 % of thetolerance listed in Table 4.4.3.3 Any overall laminate thickness not listed in Table 4shall meet the tolerance requirements of the next highestnominal thickness listed in Table 4.4.3.4 For cut panels (for example, laminate sheets cut toarea less than 2.3 ft2or less than 0.25 m2) at least 98
12、 % of allthickness test measurements shall be within the specifiedoverall laminate thickness tolerance values of Table 4.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.07 on
13、Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 1867 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
14、 For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.4Available from National Electrical Manufacturers A
15、ssociation, 2101 L St.,N.W., Washington, DC 20037.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for copper-clad laminates shall spe
16、cify the gradeof laminate base (see 4.1); the type of copper foil (either rolledor electrodeposited); the nominal weight of the copper foil (see4.2); one- or two-side cladding; nominal overall laminatethickness; and the thickness tolerance class (see 4.3).6. Detailed Requirements6.1 The laminate sha
17、ll meet the requirements shown inTable 5.7. Warp or Twist7.1 The warp or twist of copper-clad laminate shall meet therequirements of Table 6. The maximum values shown in Table6 are percentage values applicable only to sheet sizes asmanufactured and to sheets cut such that neither length norwidth is
18、less than 18 in. (457 mm). The values shown arepercentages based upon 36-in. (914-mm) dimension sheets.8. Blistering8.1 No blistering shall occur due to exposure of specimensof the material to air at the temperatures and times shown inTable 7. This requirement applies to copper-clad specimensand to
19、laminate from which all of the copper has been etched.9. Workmanship and Surface Requirements9.1 Grades XXXP, XXXPC, FR-2 and FR-6 Only:9.1.1 Copper surfaces shall be free from defects which mayaffect serviceability of the laminate. Such defects in coppersurfaces include blisters, wrinkles, cracks,
20、dents, and scratches.9.1.2 The copper shall not contain any pin holes havingaverage diameter greater than 0.015 in. (0.381 mm).9.1.3 Pin holes in the copper exceeding average diameter0.005 in. (0.127 mm) shall not be present in concentrationexceeding one per ft2.9.1.4 The number of inclusions in cop
21、per which are largerthan 0.020 in. (0.508 mm) in length shall be limited in a singleft2of laminate and in any single sheet of approximately 0.5 m2size. The limits are:9.1.4.1 5 in any one ft2, and9.1.4.2 10 in any one 0.5 m2size sheet.9.1.5 The unclad laminate surface shall have a semi-gloss ordull
22、finish.9.2 Grades FR-3, FR-4, FR-5, CEM-1, CEM-3, G-10, andG-11:9.2.1 Copper surfaces shall be free from defects which mayaffect serviceability. Such defects include blisters, wrinkles,and cracks. The copper surfaces shall be free from other defectsas required in 9.2.2.9.2.2 Pits are small holes occ
23、urring as imperfections that donot penetrate entirely through the copper foil. Dents aredepressions in the copper foil that do not significantly decreasethe thickness of the copper foil. Pits and dents are limited by apoint count system in which the maximum total allowableTABLE 1 Base Laminate Grade
24、sNOTE 1 A cross reference table of grade designations (see Table 2)appears here for reference purposes only. The ASTM grades shown aremost closely associated with the NEMA and the military grades listed inthis table. There is no requirement, stated or implied, in this ASTMspecification that the ASTM
25、 grade must meet the specification require-ments of the NEMA or the military standards listed.ASTM Grade TypeXXXP Paper base, phenolic resinXXXPC Paper base, phenolic resinFR-2 Paper base, phenolic resin, flammability ratedFR-3 Paper base, epoxy resin, flammability ratedFR-4 Glass woven fabric base,
26、 epoxy resin, general purpose, flam-mability ratedFR-5 Glass woven fabric base, epoxy resin, temperature resistant,flammability ratedFR-6 Random glass fiber base, polyester resin, flammability ratedG-10 Glass woven fabric base, epoxy resin, general purposeG-11 Glass woven fabric base, epoxy resin, t
27、emperature resistantCEM-1 Glass woven cloth surfaces, cellulose paper core, epoxyresin, flammability ratedCEM-3 Glass woven cloth surfaces, non-woven glass core, flamma-bility ratedTABLE 2 Grade Cross ReferencesASTM Grade NEMA LI-1 Grade MIL-P-13949 GradeXXXP XXXP PPXXXPC XXXPC PPFR-2 FR-2 .FR-3 FR-
28、3 PXFR-4 FR-4 GFFR-5 FR-5 GHFR-6 FR-6 .G-10 G-10 GEG-11 G-11 GBCEM-1 CEM-1 .CEM-3 CEM-3 .TABLE 3 Copper Foil ThicknessANominal Weight,oz/ft2NominalThickness,in.Thickness Tolerance, in.Plus Minus12 0.0007 0.00007 0.000071 0.0014 0.0004 0.00022 0.0028 0.0007 0.00033 0.0042 0.0004 0.00044 0.0056 0.0006
29、 0.00065 0.0070 0.0007 0.0007AConversion factor: 0.001 in. = 0.0254 mm; 1 oz/ft2= 0.305 kg/m2.TABLE 4 Thickness Tolerance of Copper-Clad Sheet, 6 in.ANominalOverallLaminateThickness,in.Class I Class IIGrades GradesXXXP, XXXPCFR-2, FR-3FR-4, FR-5CEM-1, CEM-3FR-6, G-10,G-11XXXPXXXPCFR-2FR-3FR-4FR-5G-1
30、0G-111 oz,1 Side1 oz, 2 Sides 2,3,4,5oz1or2SidesAll Weights1or2SidesAllWeights 1or 2 SidesAllWeights 1or 2 Sides132 0.004 0.0045 0.0065 0.003 0.004364 0.005 0.0055 0.0075 0.0035 0.005116 0.0055 0.006 0.0075 0.004 0.005332 0.007 0.0075 0.009 0.005 0.00718 0.0085 0.009 0.012 0.006 0.009532 0.0095 0.01
31、0 0.015 0.007 0.010316 0.010 0.011 0.019 0.008 0.012732 0.011 0.012 0.021 0.009 0.01214 0.012 0.012 0.022 0.009 0.012AConversion factor: 0.001 in. = 0.0254 mm; 1 oz = 28.349 g.D1867072TABLE5DetailedRequirements:Copper-CladLaminatesforPrintedWiringAXXXPXXXPCFR-2FR-3FR-4FR-5G-10G-11CEM-1CEM-3FR-6Peels
32、trength,min,lb/in.width:12ozcopperaftersolderfloatconditionA.6666.6.atelevatedtemperatureconditionE-1/125.4242.4.1ozcopperaftersolderfloatconditionAB66688888787atelevatedtemperatureconditionE-1/125.5535355.2-ozcopperaftersolderfloatconditionA7779101010109108atelevatedtemperatureconditionE-1/125.6646
33、466.3,4,5ozcopperaftersolderfloatconditionA.10111111111011.atelevatedtemperatureconditionE-1/125.7757577.Flexuralstrength,avg,minpsi132to332in.onlylengthwiseconditionA1200012000120002000060000600006000060000.15000crosswiseconditionA1050010500105001600050000500005000050000400004000015000psi18and14in.
34、onlylengthwiseconditionA1200012000120002000055000550005500055000.crosswiseconditionA1050010500105001600045000450004500045000.Flexuralstrengthtestat150Clengthwise,allthicknesses,min.30000.30000.lengthwise,min%retentionofconditionA116and332in.132,18,14in. .40 50. .40 50.Flexuralstrength,avg,minpsicond
35、itionAonly132in.thicklengthwise.5000050000.116in.thicklengthwise.3500040000.332in.thicklengthwise.3000033000.116in.thickcrosswise.2800032000.332in.thickcrosswise.2500027000.FlammabilityRatingAandE-168/70.1111.001Waterabsorption,avg,max%conditionD-24/23132in.thick1.301.301.301.000.500.500.500.500.500
36、.50.116in.thick1.000.750.750.650.250.250.250.250.300.250.40332in.thick0.850.650.650.600.200.200.200.200.250.20.18in.thick0.750.550.550.500.150.150.150.15.14in.thick0.600.400.400.250.130.130.130.13.Volumeresistivity,minMV-cmC-96/35/90104104104105106106106106106106106Surfaceresistivity,minMV/squareC-9
37、6/35/90103103103104104104104104104104104Dielectricbreakdownparalleltolaminations,min,KvconditionD-48/501515153040404040404030Dissipationfactor,avg,maxat1MHzconditionD-24/23allthicknesses.0.040.0350.0350.0350.0350.040.040.03thicknessesfrom116to18in.0.050.050.05.Permittivity,avg,maxat1MHzconditionD-24
38、/23allthicknesses.4.85.45.45.45.4.4.3132and18in.thickonly5.35.35.3.5.25.4.116in.thickonly5.05.4.332in.thickonly4.85.4.AConversionfactors:0.001in.=0.0254mm;1oz=28.349g.BSeeTable9.D1867073point count for pits and dents is 35 per ft2(377/m2). Pits anddents carry various point counts depending upon the
39、longestdimension of the pit or dent. Table 8 provides point countvalues for various dimensions.9.2.3 Pinholes are small holes occurring as imperfectionsthat penetrate entirely through the copper foil. A pinholehaving an area equivalent to a 0.005-in. (0.127-mm) diametercircle is a defect. A maximum
40、of one such pinhole is allowablein a 5-ft2(0.46-m2) area of laminate. Pinholes of smaller areaare also defects and the aggregate sum of the areas of allsmaller pinholes in a 5-ft2piece of laminate is limited to theequivalent area of a 0.005-in. diameter circle.9.2.4 Inclusions are foreign particles
41、which may or may notbe enclosed in the mass of copper foil. Inclusions, havinglongest dimension 0.005 in. (0.127 mm) or more, are defectswhich are not allowed. Inclusions having longest dimensionbetween 0.001 and 0.005 in. (0.0254 and 0.127 mm) arepermitted providing the concentration of such minor
42、defectsdoes not exceed 5 per ft2of copper-clad laminate area.9.2.5 Scratches are imperfections in the copper surface thatdo not extend through the entire thickness of the copper foil. Ascratch is considered to be an imperfection in a copper surfaceif either the length or width dimension is between 0
43、.2 and 4 in.(5 and 100 mm) and its depth dimension is between 5 and 20 %of the copper foil thickness. Imperfections with any depthgreater than 20 % of the copper foil thickness are considered tobe cracks.9.2.5.1 An imperfection of any length or width that has adepth dimension smaller than 5 % of the
44、 copper foil thicknessis considered not to be a nonconformity.9.2.5.2 The concentration of scratches shall not exceed 5/ft2(54/m2) of the copper-clad laminate surface.9.2.5.3 Do not include in the number of scratches any thatappear within 0.5 in. (13 mm) of any sheet edge.9.2.5.4 The laminate shall
45、be free from any scratches thatexceed 4-in. (100-mm) length. The laminate shall be free fromany scratches having depths greater than 20 % of the copperfoil thickness.9.2.6 Surface finish of the copper foil shall not exceed aroughness of 20 m (0.0005 mm) arithmetic average.9.2.7 The requirements of 9
46、.2.1-9.2.6 do not apply to anyportion of a laminate sheet which is within 0.5 in. (13 mm) ofany edge of the sheet.10. Sampling10.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon by the purchaser and theseller, sample the laminate to be tested in accordance withPractice D 3636. The selection of inspection levels and a
47、ccept-able quality level (AQL) shall be agreed upon betweenpurchaser and seller.11. Number of Tests11.1 In case of failure under any of the tests specified, twoadditional sheets may be tested. If both additional sheetsprovide results in conformance to these specifications, the lotor shipment of lami
48、nate shall be judged in conformance to thisspecification. If any of the test results from the additionalsheets are not in conformance with this specification, the lot orshipment shall be regarded as not meeting the requirements ofthis specification.TABLE 6 Maximum Warp or Twist for All Grades, % bas
49、ed on 36-in. dimensionRange of LaminateThickness, in.Class I Class IIClad 1 Side,12 ,1,or2ozCopperClad 2 Sides12 , 1, or 2 oz CopperClad 1 or 2 Sides12 ,1,or2ozCopperClad 1 Side12 ,1,or2ozCopperClad 2 Sides12 , 1, or 2 oz CopperGlass Paper Glass Paper0.004 to 0.018 20 8 NAANA 15 6 NA0.019 to 0.031 15 6 NA NA 12 4 NA132 to364 12 5 6 NA 10 2 5Over364 to116 10 5 6 NA 5 1 2.5Over116 to18 83 3NA 2.Over18 to14 5 1.5 1.5 NA 5 1 1.5
