1、Designation: D 1869 95 (Reapproved 2005)e1Standard Specification forRubber Rings for Asbestos-Cement Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1869; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTEAsbestos warning was editorially added (1.4) in
3、 July 2007.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers rubber rings used to seal thejoints of asbestos-cement pipe conforming to SpecificationsC 296, C 428, C 644, and C 668.1.2 A specification is given for (1) natural or syntheticrubber rings, or both, where resistance to oil or solvents is notrequired,
4、and (2) synthetic rubber rings for services involvingresistance to oil or solvents.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present de
5、monstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysotile asbestos, refer to “Safe Use ofChrysotile: A Manual on Preventi
6、ve and Control Measures.”21.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 9, of this standard: This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establ
7、ish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 296 Specification for Asbestos-Cement Pressure PipeC 428 Specification for Asbestos-Cement NonpressureSewer PipeC 644 Specification for Asbest
8、os-Cement NonpressureSmall-Diameter Sewer Pipe4C 668 Specification for Asbestos-Cement TransmissionPipeD 395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompressionSetD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 573 Test Met
9、hod for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD 865 Test Method for RubberDeterioration by Heatingin Air (Test Tube Enclosure)D 1415 Test Method for Rubber PropertyInternationalHardnessD 2137 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyBrittlenessPoint of Flexible Polymers and Coated FabricsD 2240 Test Method for Ru
10、bber PropertyDurometerHardness2.2 Other Document:5Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA), Rubber Hand-book MO-1Molded, Extruded, Lathe-Cut and CellularProducts3. Composition and Manufacture3.1 The ring shall consist of a properly vulcanized virginrubber compound. Virgin rubber is defined as one cont
11、ainingno scrap, reclaim, or rubber substitutes.3.2 If a joint is used in the manufacture of the ring, thestrength of the spliced joint shall be such that the ring willwithstand the stretch test described in 9.8 with no visibleseparation or peeling.1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM
12、 Committee D11 on Rubberand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.36 on Seals.Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 1869 95 (2000).2Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM s
13、tandards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.5Available from Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA), 1400 K St., NW,S
14、uite 900, Washington, DC 20005.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Physical Requirements4.1 Sample rings taken from the shipment shall conform tothe requirements for physical properties prescribed in Table 1when tested
15、 in accordance with the test methods specified inSection 9.5. Dimensions and Tolerances5.1 The rings shall conform to the dimensions specified bythe manufacturer of the pipe in which the rings are to be used,with an RMAClass 3 (see 2.2) tolerance of 60.25 up to 25 mm(60.010 up to 1 in.) on all cross
16、-section dimensions, and 61%on all diametral dimensions, unless otherwise agreed upon bythe pipe manufacturer and the ring supplier.NOTE 1The design and tolerances of asbestos-cement pipe are notsufficiently standardized to permit interchangeability of rings in manycases from pipe of one manufacture
17、r to that of another.6. Workmanship6.1 The surface shall be smooth and free of pitting, cracks,blisters, air marks, and any other imperfection that would affectits behavior in service. The body shall be free of porosity andair pockets.6.2 The flash thickness shall not exceed 0.4 mm (0.015 in.),nor t
18、he flash width 0.8 mm (0.03 in.) at any point in the ring.6.3 Offset, or failure of the mold to register accurately, shallnot exceed 0.4 mm (0.015 in.).7. Sampling7.1 A number of sample rings shall be drawn at randomfrom each shipment of rings in accordance with Table 2.7.2 These shall be stretched
19、and examined as specified in9.8. A sufficient additional number of rings shall be drawn atrandom for the tests specified in Table 1.8. Precision and Bias8.1 This is a performance specification establishing limitsfor commercial product quality. No precision or bias state-ments are required.9. Test Me
20、thods9.1 Tensile Strength, Elongation, and Stress at 300 %ElongationTest Methods D 412:9.1.1 Cut samples for tensile strength, elongation, and stressat 300 % elongation tests from circumferential sections of thering itself.9.1.2 From these samples stamp dumbbell test specimensusing a standard ASTM T
21、ype C dumbbell conforming to Fig. 1of Test Methods D 412.9.1.3 The sections from which the dumbbells are cut shallbe prepared by sectioning a sample ring held rigidly in a jig,which in turn is mounted in a chuck of a machinists lathe. Asharp, thin cutting knife shall be mounted in the lathe holderan
22、d the cut made at a right angle to the jig face. The cutting siteshall be lubricated at all times by a jet of cool water.9.1.4 These sections shall be buffed lightly prior to cuttinginto dumbbell specimens in order to bring them to a uniformthickness for testing.9.2 Hardness:TABLE 1 Physical Require
23、ments of Rubber Rings for Asbestos-Cement PipeTestType of Rubber RingNonoil-Resistant Oil-ResistantOriginal Properties:Tensile strength, min, MPa (psi):Average of three specimens 14.0 (2000) 10.5 (1500)Lowest individual 12.5 (1800) 9.0 (1300)Elongation, min, %:Average of three specimens 350 325Lowes
24、t individual 325 300Hardness numberAnominal 65 nominal 65Stress at 300 % elongation, MPa (psi):Max 16.0 (2300) 16.0 (2300)Min 8.4 (1200) 7.0 (1000)Compression set, max, % 16 25Low-temperature flexibility no cracks no cracksAfter Oven Aging:Tensile strength, average decrease, max, % 15 20Elongation,
25、average decrease, max, % 25 30Hardness, average increase, max, points 7 15After Water Aging:Volume change, max, % 12 12Appearance change no surface degradation no surface degradationAfter Oil Aging:Tensile strength, average decrease, max, % . 35Elongation, average decrease, max, % . 40Hardness, aver
26、age change, points . 10 to + 2Volume change, average, % . 1 to + 15ANominal hardness shall be from 50 to 60 as specified by the pipe manufacturer.TABLE 2 Sampling Plan for Stretch Test for Visual InspectionNumber of Ringsin ShipmentNumber of Rings inSampleMaximum Number ofDefectives forAcceptanceUp
27、to 800 75 4801 to 3 200 150 83 201 to 8 000 225 118 001 to 22 000 300 14D 1869 95 (2005)e129.2.1 Test Method D 1415 shall be used as the refereemethod.9.2.2 Test Method D 2240 may be used for quality control.9.2.3 Hardness readings for guidance purposes may betaken directly on the ring, recognizing
28、that those may varyslightly from those taken on dumbbell specimens.9.3 Air Aging: Tensile Strength, Elongation, and Hardness:9.3.1 Test Methods D 865 (preferred) or D 573, in conjunc-tion with Test Methods D 412 and D 1415 or D 2240. Preparetest specimens in accordance with 9.1.9.3.2 Age nonoil-resi
29、stant specimens for 166 6 2hat7062C.9.3.3 Age oil-resistant specimens for 70 6 0.7 h at 100 62C.9.4 Water Aging: Volume and Appearance Change:9.4.1 Cut one specimen 50 6 3 mm (2.0 6 0.1 in.) long andnot less than 13 mm2(0.2 in.2) in cross section from each ofthree rings.9.4.2 Totally immerse the spe
30、cimens in the siphon cup of aninsulated 3-dm3extraction apparatus, and hold at a temperatureof 100 6 2C for 20 consecutive days. Suspend the specimensat least 50 mm (2 in.) beneath the surface of the water in sucha manner that they do not contact one another or the surface ofthe cup.9.4.3 Immediatel
31、y after removal from the boiling water, blotthe specimens, weigh and calculate the volume increase inaccordance with Test Method D 471.9.4.4 Average the values obtained for the three specimens.9.5 Compression Set:9.5.1 Method B of Test Methods D 395, except cut threespecimens from separate rings abo
32、ut 75 mm (3 in.) in lengthand the full cross-sectional area of the ring in a compressiondevice 50 mm long.9.5.1.1 Place the specimens in the compression device withthe inside and outside circumference sides in contact with thecompression plates.9.5.1.2 If this is impractical because of the size or s
33、hape ofthe specimens, they shall be placed in the compression devicein a manner that will give the most accurate values.9.5.2 Make a reference measurement at any convenientpoint where the section is solid and compress the specimen50 % at the reference point, using spacers.9.5.3 Oven age nonoil-resis
34、tant specimens for 22 6 0.25 hat 70 6 2C.9.5.4 Oven age oil-resistant specimens for 22 6 0.25 h at100 6 1C.9.6 Low-Temperature Flexibility:9.6.1 Test Methods D 2137.9.6.2 Prepare test specimens in accordance with 9.1.2-9.1.4.The temperature of test shall be -25 6 2C.9.7 Oil Aging: Tensile Strength,
35、Elongation, Hardness, andVolume Change:9.7.1 Test Method D 471.9.7.2 Prepare test specimens for tensile strength, elongation,and hardness tests in accordance with 9.1.2-9.1.4.9.7.3 Prepare specimens for the volume change test inaccordance with 9.4.1.9.7.4 Immerse the specimens in ASTM Oil No. 3 for
36、70 60.7 h at 100 6 2C.9.8 Stretch Test for Visual Examination:9.8.1 Stretch the rings until the circumference has increased50 %.9.8.2 Inspect each ring visually for defects in accordancewith 3.2 and 6.1.9.8.3 The number of rings to be examined and the maximumnumber of defective rings for acceptance
37、of the lot is shown inTable 2.10. Product Marking10.1 Each ring shall be marked with clearly legible letters,the size of which shall not exceed 6 mm (14 in.).10.2 The markings shall include the ring manufacturersname or symbol, the pipe manufacturers name or symbol, thepipe size and pressure rating,
38、 and the year of manufacture.10.3 Each oil-resistant synthetic rubber ring shall be markedwith a color stripe, dot, or other identifying mark to distinguishthis ring from the nonoil-resistant type.10.3.1 The shape and color of the mark shall be as specifiedby the manufacturer of the pipe in which th
39、e ring is to be used.11. Keywords11.1 asbestos-cement pipe; non-oil resistant; oil-resistant;rubber ringsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that
40、 determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapprov
41、ed or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you fee
42、l that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 1869 95 (2005)e13
