1、Designation: D2068 10Standard Test Method forDetermining Filter Blocking Tendency1, 2This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2068; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method describes 3 procedures using different filter media. The result of any test isdependent on the filter mandated in the procedure.
3、 If a specification requires a specific D2068procedure, do not substitute a different procedure or filter without agreement from the specifier.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers three procedures for the deter-mination of the filter blocking tendency (FBT) and filterabilityof middle distillate fuel
4、 oils and liquid fuels such as biodieseland biodiesel blends. The 3 procedures and associated filtertypes, are applicable to fuels within the viscosity range of 1.3to 6.0 mm2/s at 40C.NOTE 1ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this testmethod are: Specifications D396 Grades No 1 and
5、2; Specification D975Grades 1-D, low sulfur 1-D and 2-D; Specification D2880 Grades 1-GTand 2-GT; Specification D6751.1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels that containfree (undissolved) water (see 7.3).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of meas
6、urement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory lim
7、itations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D396 Specification for Fuel OilsD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate C
8、on-tamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Proce-dures)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4860 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-tamination in Middle Distillate Fuels (Clear and BrightNumerical Rating)D6426 Test Method for Determining Filt
9、erability of MiddleDistillate Fuel OilsD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)for Middle Distillate Fuels2.2 ISO Standard:4ISO 5636-5 Paper and BoardDetermination of Air Per-meance and Air Resistance (Medium Range) Part 5Gurley Method2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:D2PP, Determination of Precisi
10、on and Bias Data for Use inTest Methods for Petroleum Products5CompTM, Standard Practice for Statistical Assessment andImprovement of the Expected Agreement between TwoTest Methods that Purport to Measure the Same Propertyof a Material53. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard
11、:3.1.1 filter blocking tendency (FBT), nof certain fuels,acalculated dimensionless value that defines the tendency ofparticulates in a fuel to plug or block a filter.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe value is calculated using the pres-sure across the filter or the volume of fuel filtered at the end ofthe test.
12、Depending on the outcome of the test, one of two1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published N
13、ovember 2010. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D206808. DOI:10.1520/D2068-10.2This standard has been developed through the cooperative effort betweenASTM and the Energy Institute, London.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcont
14、act ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5This adju
15、nct has been withdrawn and is no longer available.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.equations is applied. See Section 10, Calculation. See 5.6 forinterpr
16、etation of results.3.1.2 filterability, nof certain fuels, the relationship be-tween the volume of sample filtered and the measured pressureincrease across the filter.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe filterability of the fuel can beassessed by recording the pressure when a specific volume offuel has flowed thr
17、ough the filter, or recording the volumewhen a specific pressure across the filter has been achieved.This assessment may be assisted by plotting a volume versuspressure graph. See Appendix X1.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A test portion of the fuel to be analysed is passed at aconstant rate of flow (
18、20 mL/min) through a specified filtermedium. The pressure difference across the filter, and thevolume of fuel passing the filter, are monitored until thepressure reaches 105 kPa or the volume of fuel passing thefilter medium reaches 300 mL. The pressure and flow are thenused to calculate the filter
19、blocking tendency, where a lownumber indicates a good fuel (see 5.6).4.2 The glass fiber filters specified for Procedures A and Bare both 1.6 m nominal pore diameter; Filter B is a pre-assembled encapsulated type.4.3 The pre-assembled nylon filter specified for Procedure Chasa5mnominal pore diameter
20、.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for use in evaluating thecleanliness of middle distillate fuels, and biodiesel and biodie-sel blends for specifications and quality control purposes.5.2 The filter media specified in the three procedures are allsuitable for the materials in th
21、e Scope. Specifications calling upthis test method should state the procedure required.5.3 A change in filtration performance after storage orpretreatment can be indicative of changes of fuel condition.5.4 The filterability of fuels varies depending on filterporosity and structure and therefore resu
22、lts from this testmethod might not correlate with full scale filtration.5.5 Causes of poor filterability in industrial/refinery filtersinclude fuel degradation products, contaminants (includingwater) picked up during storage or transfer, effects due totemperature or composition for bio fuels, incomp
23、atibility ofcommingled fuels, or interaction of the fuel with the filtermedia.Any of these could correlate with orifice or filter systemplugging, or both.5.6 The results of the FBT test can range from 1 with a fuelwith very good filterability, to over 100 for a fuel with poorfilterability. The selec
24、tion of a single FBT number to define apass or fail criteria is not possible as this will be dependent onthe fuel type and applications.6. Apparatus6.1 GeneralThe apparatus, as described in Annex A1 andshown in Fig. A1.1, is available as a manufactured unit or canbe constructed from individual compo
25、nents.6.2 Filter Media and Assemblies:6.2.1 Filter A, for Procedure A.6.2.1.1 Filter Housing,6stainless steel, nominal 13 mmdiameter with a Luer fitting at the top where it connects withthe filtration apparatus. Fig. 1 shows the assembly.6.2.1.2 Filter Media,7glass fiber, 1.6 m nominal porediameter,
26、 nominal 13 mm diameter and with an effectivefiltration area of 63.6 to 78.6 mm2. Filter media shall be batch6The sole source of supply of the Filter A housing, known to the committee atthis time is Millipore Cat No XX3001200, available from Millipore CorporationHeadquarters, 290 Concord Road, Bille
27、rica, MA 01821. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please supply this information to ASTM International Head-quarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration by a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.7Whatman Grade GF/A, has been found satisfactory for
28、 this purpose.FIG. 1 Assembly of Filter AD2068 102selected to have a Gurley time (ISO 5636-5) of between 12.5and 13.4 s for 300 mL.6.2.2 Filter B,8for Procedure B.6.2.2.1 Filter Housing, disposable polypropylene “syringetype” with Luer and taper fittings, and factory fitted filtermedia. The filter,
29、as shown in Fig. 2, is used with an adaptor(6.9) to allow the test portion to input through the taper fittingand exit from the Luer fitting. The filter medium is supportedby a coarse glass fiber support pad as shown in Fig. 2.6.2.2.2 Filter Media, glass fiber grade GF/A, 1.6 m nomi-nal pore diameter
30、 and effective filtration area of 63.6 to 78.6mm2. The filters shall be batch selected (one or more filtersfrom a batch are tested) and quality controlled (using aprocedure and a fluid with a known pressure/flow characteris-tic, for example, ISO 5636-5) for equivalence with the as-sembled Filter A.6
31、.2.3 Filter C,8for Procedure C.6.2.3.1 Filter Housing, disposable polypropylene “syringetype” filter housing, as shown in Fig. 3, which has Luer andtaper fittings, and factory fitted filter media. The test portioninputs via the Luer fitting. The filter medium is held aboveconcentric/segmented ribbed
32、 channels and the exit port isrecessed and segmented to eliminate localized filter blocking.6.2.3.2 Filter Media, nylon, 5 m nominal pore diameterand effective filtration area of 143.2 to 165.2 mm2. The filtersshall be batch selected (one or more filters from a batch aretested) and quality controlle
33、d (using a procedure and a fluidwith a known pressure/flow characteristic, for example,ISO 5636-5).6.3 Measuring Cylinder, 25 mL, glass or other suitabletransparent material, with graduations every 0.5 mL, forverifying the flow rate.6.4 Measuring Cylinder, 500 mL, glass or other suitabletransparent
34、material, with graduations every 5 mL, for verify-ing the flow rate, and for measuring the volume of fuel in thefuel receiver if required.6.5 Stopwatch, capable of measuring to the nearest 0.2 s,required for verifying the flow rate and preparing the sample.6.6 Thermometer, electronic or liquid in gl
35、ass type ther-mometers with a range of at least 15 to 25C and an accuracyof 6 0.5C or better are suitable.6.7 Forceps, spade ended, for use with Filter A.6.8 Open-ended Spanner Wrenches, plastic or metal, for usewith Filter A.6.9 Adaptor, only for use with Procedure B, to convert theLuer fitting on
36、the apparatus to a fitting compatible with thetapered fitting on Filter B.6.10 Anti-splash Tubing, nylon or silicone rubber, approxi-mately 4 mm inner diameter for Filters A and C, and 6 mminner diameter for Filter B, to reduce splashing of the samplein the fuel receiver beaker.7. Sampling7.1 Unless
37、 otherwise specified, samples shall be obtained inaccordance with Practices D4057, D4177 or other comparablesampling practices.7.1.1 Containers shall have been previously flushed threetimes with the product to be sampled.7.2 Obtain at least 400 mL of a representative aliquot of thesample to be teste
38、d in an epoxy-lined can or dark glass bottle.7.3 If any undissolved water is visually apparent (as deter-mined by Test Methods D4176 or D4860), discard and replacewith a fresh sample.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Verification:8The following equipment, as listed in RRSR: IP 387/07 (see Footnote 10),
39、 wasused to develop the precision statements; Seta MFT Multi Filtration Tester partnumber 91600, Filter capsule “B” part number 91616-001 and Filter capsule “C”part number 91620. Stanhope-Seta, Chertsey, Surrey, KT16 8AP, UK. This is not anendorsement or certification by ASTM.FIG. 2 Filter BFIG. 3 F
40、ilter CD2068 1038.1.1 Pressure and TemperatureFollow the manufactur-ers instructions for verifying that the pressure and temperaturereadings are in accordance with the tolerances given in A1.1.3and 6.6 respectively. Verify the pressure reading, at ambientatmospheric pressure (0 kPa) and at approxima
41、tely 100 kPa, atleast every 6 months or if the apparatus has not been used forthe previous 3 months. Verify the temperature reading iscorrect, at ambient temperature, at least every 12 months. If thereadings do not meet the specified tolerances inA1.1.3 and 6.6,calibrate the sensors (8.2.1).8.1.2 Fl
42、ow RateFollow the manufacturers instructionsfor verifying that the flow rate is 20 6 1 mL/min through afilter assembly. The flow rate is verified by measuring thevolume pumped during a 15 minute period, at least once amonth, using a suitable measuring cylinder (6.4). If themeasured volume is between
43、 285 and 315 mL the flow rate iscorrect. More frequent checks on the flow rate may be made bymeasuring the volume during a 1 minute period using a 25 mLmeasuring cylinder (6.3). If the measured volume is notbetween 19 and 21 mL, calibrate the pump (8.2.2).8.2 Calibration:8.2.1 Pressure and Temperatu
44、reFollow the manufactur-ers instructions to calibrate the pressure at atmospheric pres-sure (0 kPa) and approximately 100 kPa, and temperaturemeasuring device at ambient temperature.8.2.2 Flow RateFollow the manufacturers instructions toset and lock the mechanical flow adjustment control on thepump
45、to give a flow rate of 20 6 1 mL/min.8.2.2.1 A filter assembly shall be fitted when the flow rate iscalibrated.8.3 Apparatus AssemblyAssemble the apparatus as shownin Fig. A1.1, without the filter unit connected.8.4 Filter AssemblyAssemble the filter appropriate to thetest procedure specified.8.4.1
46、Filter A (for Procedure A)Assemble the filter asshown in Fig. 1 using a new filter medium handled with theforceps (6.7) taking care not to damage the filter medium. Placethe medium into the holder with the face marked with a gridpattern uppermost. The open ended spanner wrenches (6.8)may be used to
47、assist in assembling or disassembling thehousing. Attach a suitable length (typically 80 to 90 mm) ofanti-splash tubing (6.10) to the outlet of the filter assembly.NOTE 2It is most important that the filter unit components areassembled in the exact configuration shown in Fig. 1.NOTE 3Over- or under-
48、tightening of the Filter A assembly can lead toerroneous results.8.4.2 Filter B (for Procedure B)Attach a suitable length(typically 80 to 90 mm) of anti-splash tubing (6.10)totheoutlet of the filter assembly.8.4.2.1 Attach the adaptor (6.9) to the Luer fitting on theoutlet of the apparatus.8.4.3 Fil
49、ter C ( for Procedure C)Attach a suitable length(typically 80 to 90 mm) of anti-splash tubing (6.10)totheoutlet of the filter assembly.8.5 Rinse the fuel reservoir beaker with some of the productto be tested, and discard.8.6 Remove the adaptor if Procedures A or C are to be used.9. Procedures A, B, and C9.1 GeneralUnless otherwise specified or required in9.1.7, the test specimen shall be prepared as described in 9.1.1to 9.1.6.9.1.1 Measure the temperature (6.6) of the fuel in thecontainer, and adjust to 15 to 25C if necessary.9.1.2 Shake the fuel co
