1、Designation: D2270 10Designation: 226/91 (95)British Standard 4459Standard Practice forCalculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40and 100C1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scop
3、e*1.1 This practice2covers the procedures for calculating theviscosity index of petroleum products, such as lubricating oils,and related materials from their kinematic viscosities at 40 and100C.NOTE 1The results obtained from the calculation of VI from kine-matic viscosities determined at 40 and 100
4、C are virtually the same asthose obtained from the former VI system using kinematic viscositiesdetermined at 37.78 and 98.89C.1.2 This practice does not apply to petroleum products withkinematic viscosities less than 2.0 mm2/s at 100C. Table 1given in this practice applies to petroleum products with
5、kinematic viscosities between 2 and 70 mm2/s at 100C.Equations are provided for calculating viscosity index forpetroleum products having kinematic viscosities above70 mm2/s at 100C.1.2.1 In cases where kinematic viscosity data are not avail-able at temperatures of 40 and 100C, an estimate may be mad
6、eof the viscosity index by calculating the kinematic viscosity attemperatures of 40 and 100C from data obtained at othertemperatures. Such viscosity index data may be considered assuitable for information only and not for specification pur-poses. See Test Method D341, Annex A1.1.3 The kinematic visc
7、osity values are determined withreference to a value of 1.0034 mm2/s at 20.00C for distilledwater. The determination of the kinematic viscosity of apetroleum product shall be carried out in accordance with TestMethods D445, D7042, IP 71,orISO 3104.1.3.1 If Viscosity Index calculated for a given samp
8、le usingkinematic viscosity measurements from different test methodsare in disagreement, the values calculated from Test MethodD445 measurements shall be accepted.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4.1 The val
9、ues stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. For user reference, 1 mm2/s=10-6m2/s = 1 cSt.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and h
10、ealth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for LiquidPetroleum ProductsD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of
11、Dynamic Viscos-ity)D1695 Terminology of Cellulose and Cellulose DerivativesD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density ofLiquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation ofKinematic Viscosity)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specificatio
12、ns2.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 3104 Petroleum ProductsTransparent and Opaque1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 onFlow Properties.In the IP, this practice is under the jurisdiction of the
13、 Standardization Committeeand issued under the fixed designation IP 226. The final number indicates the yearof last revision.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D227004. DOI:10.1520/D2270-10.2Supporting
14、 data (Metrication of Viscosity Index System Method D2270) havebeen filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requestingResearch Report RR:D02-1009.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annu
15、al Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM In
16、ternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.LiquidsDetermination of Kinematic Viscosity and Cal-culation of Dynamic Viscosity2.3 Energy Institute Standard:5IP71 Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Calculationof Dynamic Viscosity3. Terminology
17、3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 viscosity index, nan arbitrary number used to char-acterize the variation of the kinematic viscosity of a petroleumproduct with temperature.3.1.1.1 DiscussionFor oils of similar kinematic viscosity,the higher the viscosity index the smaller the effect of tem-perature on its kin
18、ematic viscosity.3.1.1.2 DiscussionViscosity index is also used in Termi-nology D1695 in a definition unrelated to this one.4. Significance and Use4.1 The viscosity index is a widely used and acceptedmeasure of the variation in kinematic viscosity due to changesin the temperature of a petroleum prod
19、uct between 40 and100C.4.2 A higher viscosity index indicates a smaller decrease inkinematic viscosity with increasing temperature of the lubri-cant.4.3 The viscosity index is used in practice as a singlenumber indicating temperature dependence of kinematic vis-cosity.4.4 Viscosity Index is sometime
20、s used to characterize baseoils for purposes of establishing engine testing requirementsfor engine oil performance categories.65. Procedure5.1 Determine the kinematic viscosity of the sample at 40and 100C in accordance with Test Method D445, Test MethodD7042, ISO 3104,orIP 71.5.2 Calculation:5.2.1 I
21、f the kinematic viscosity of the sample at 100C isless than or equal to 70 mm2/s, extract from Table 1 thecorresponding values for L and H. Measured values that are notlisted, but are within the range of Table 1, may be obtained bylinear interpolation. The viscosity index is not defined and shallnot
22、 be reported for oils with kinematic viscosity of less than2.0 mm2/s at 100C.5.2.2 If the kinematic viscosity is greater than 70 mm2/s at100C, calculate the values of L and H as follows:L 5 0.8353 Y21 14.67 Y 2 216 (1)H 5 0.1684 Y21 11.85 Y 2 97 (2)where:L = kinematic viscosity at 40C of an oil of 0
23、 viscosityindex having the same kinematic viscosity at 100C asthe oil whose viscosity index is to be calculated,mm2/s,Y = kinematic viscosity at 100C of the oil whose viscosityindex is to be calculated, mm2/s, andH = kinematic viscosity at 40C of an oil of 100 viscosityindex having the same kinemati
24、c viscosity at 100C asthe oil whose viscosity index is to be calculated,mm2/s.5.2.3 If U H, calculate the viscosity index, VI, of the oil asfollows:VI 5 L 2 U!/L 2 H!# 3 100 (3)where:U = kinematic viscosity at 40C of the oil whose viscosityindex is to be calculated, mm2/s.5.2.3.1 Calculation Example
25、Measured kinematic viscos-ity at 40C of the oil whose viscosity index is to be calcu-lated = 73.30 mm2/s; kinematic viscosity at 100C of the oilwhose viscosity index is to be calculated = 8.86 mm2/s.From Table 1 (by interpolation) L = 119.94From Table 1 (by interpolation) H = 69.48Substituting in Eq
26、 3 and rounding to the nearest wholenumber:VI 5 119.94 2 73.30!/119.94 2 69.48!# 3 100 5 92.43 (4)VI 5 92 (5)5.2.4 If U 100) into one procedure with better logical flow.(2) Updated and corrected precision.(3) Allowed the use of Test Method D7042 to measurekinematic viscosities for VI calculation.(4)
27、 Designated “table” as the referee method in case ofdisagreement with the “equation” method.(5) Updated SI units to conform to ASTM guidelines.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of th
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29、ars andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical commi
30、ttee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194
31、28-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D2270 106
