1、Designation: D315/D315M 95 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Specification forWoven Asbestos Tape1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D315/D315M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers woven asbestos tape having aminimum of 75 % asbestos fiber by weight, excluding theweight of other inorganic
3、reinforcing strands that may bepresent.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two sys
4、tems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products
5、, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”21.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods, Section 13, described in this specification: Th
6、isstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use. For specific hazard war
7、ning, see 1.3.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Techni
8、calBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD299 Specification for Asbestos YarnsD1118 Test Method for Magnetic Rating of Asbestos Fiberand Asbestos TextilesD1682 Test Method for Breaking Load and Elongation ofTextile Fabric (W
9、ithdrawn 1992)4D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsD1918 Test Method for Asbestos Content of Asbestos Tex-tilesD2100 Specification for Asbestos Textiles Used for Electri-cal Insulating PurposesD2946 Terminology for Asbestos and AsbestosCementProductsD3774 Test Method for Width of Tex
10、tile FabricD3775 Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Countof Woven Fabrics3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology D123. For asbestos terms,refer to Terminology D2946.3.2 asbestos textile, nthe hydrous magnesium silicateserpen
11、tine mineral designated as chrysotile and having theempirical formula Mg3Si2O5(OH)4.4. Classification4.1 ClassesThe classes of asbestos tapes are based on thenature of the yarns from which they are woven.4.1.1 Class ATape constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing no reinforcing standards.4.1.2 Class
12、 BTape constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing wire reinforcement.4.1.3 Class CTape constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing organic reinforcing strands.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of Subco
13、mmitteeC17.03 on Asbestos - Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approvedin 1929. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D315 95(2009)1. DOI:10.1520/D0315_D0315M-95R17.2Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced
14、 ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.a
15、stm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment
16、of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.1.4 Class DTape constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing nonmetallic inorganic reinforcing strands.4.1.5 Class ETape constructed of two or more of the yarnsus
17、ed in tape classes A through D.4.2 GradesThe grades of asbestos tape are based on thepercentage of asbestos content by mass as stated in Table 1.4.3 Types:4.3.1 Asbestos tubing as made for the electrical industry isfurnished in three types, classified on the basis of magneticrating determined by Tes
18、t Method D1118, which serve toidentify performance limits.Type II Magnetic Rating 0.75 maximumType IV Magnetic Rating 2.00 maximumType VI Magnetic Rating 4.00 maximum4.3.2 Type II is intended only for special applications wherethe asbestos is of primary importance as electrical insulationused on mag
19、net wire and when used primarily as a dielectric.4.3.3 Type IV is intended for use where the asbestos is ofsecondary importance as electrical insulation and where it isapplied in combination with other materials of comparablyhigher dielectric strength, as in the construction of heat andflame resista
20、nt electrical insulating walls over unit conductorsof electric cables.4.3.4 Type VI is intended for use where the asbestos is ofminor importance as a dielectric, as in the construction of filleror heat and flame resistant walls of electric cables or when usedas a lining for control enclosures (arc c
21、hutes) subject toexposure to electric arcs.5. Ordering Information5.1 Woven asbestos tape is normally purchased on the basisof class, grade, type, mass per unit length (weight), width,length, and thickness as specified in the order.5.2 Rolls of asbestos tape are normally furnished in thefollowing le
22、ngths:Nominal Thickness Nominal Roll LengthUp to and including 0.75 mm 0.03 in. 30 m 36 ydOver 0.75 mm 0.03 in. up to andincluding 1.5 mm 116 in.30 m 100 ftOver 1.5 mm 116 in. 15 or 30 m 50 or 100 ft5.3 Special roll lengths shall be as agreed upon between thebuyer and seller.5.4 At least 90 % of the
23、 number of rolls in the lots shall befurnished as one piece. No roll shall contain more than twopieces. The shortest piece shall not be less than 20 % of thespecified nominal roll length.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 YarnAsbestos tape shall be uniformly woven from aspecified grade of asbestos yarn
24、 with or without reinforcement.6.2 Wire reinforcementThe wire reinforcement may bebrass, copper, zinc, nickel, nichrome, inconel, monel, or othermetal or alloy as specified in the order.6.3 Organic ReinforcementThe organic reinforcementmay be cotton, nylon, rayon, or other spun or filament yarn(s)as
25、 specified in the order.6.4 Inorganic ReinforcementThe inorganic reinforcementmay be glass, or other ceramic or vitreous spun or filamentyarn(s) as specified in the order.6.5 It is permissible to use a maximum of two ends of yarnsother than asbestos in each selvage.7. Chemical Composition7.1 Asbesto
26、s ContentThe asbestos content of the particu-lar grade specified shall be in accordance with the limits statedin Table 1.8. Physical Properties8.1 Electromagnetic PropertiesTape to be used for elec-trical insulating purposes shall conform to the requirements inSpecification D2100.9. Mechanical Prope
27、rties9.1 Tensile Breaking StrengthThe tensile (breaking)strength (breaking load) of asbestos tape shall be as agreedupon between the buyer and seller.10. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations10.1 The physical properties of woven asbestos tape shallconform to the requirements as specified in t
28、he order, subject tothe following tolerances:10.1.1 WidthThe width of asbestos tape shall be withinthe following limits:Nominal Width Permissible LimitsUp to and including 25.4 mm 1 in. 1.5 mm 0.059 in.Over 25.4 mm 1 in. up to and including75 mm 3 in.2.5 mm 0.098 in.Over 75 mm 3 in. 3.0 mm 0.18 in.1
29、0.1.2 ThicknessThe thickness of asbestos tape shall bewithin the following limits:Nominal Thickness Permissible LimitsUp to and including 0.75 mm 0.03 in. 0.05 mm 0.002 in.Over 0.75 mm 0.03 in. up to andincluding 1.5 mm 116 in.0.1 mm 0.005 in.Over 1.5 mm 116 in. + 0.25 mm 0.01 in.0.1 mm 0.005 in.10.
30、1.3 Mass per Unit Length (Weight)The linear density(weight) of asbestos tape shall be within 610 % of thespecified mass per unit length (weight).10.1.4 Fabric CountThe total number of warp ends andfilling picks per 25 mm 1 in. shall be within the followinglimits:Total Warp Ends Permissible LimitsAll
31、 widths 10 % of the specified number of endsPicks per 25 mm 1 in.20 or less per 25 mm 1 in. 1 pick per 25 mm 1 in.More than 20 per 25 mm 1 in. 5 % of the specified filling count.10.1.5 Yarn Number (Cut)The yarn number (cut) shall beas specified and shall conform to the requirements stated inSpecific
32、ation D299.TABLE 1 Grades of Woven Asbestos TapeGrade Asbestos Content, mass %Commercial 75 up to but excluding 80Underwriters 80 up to but excluding 85A 85 up to but excluding 90AA 90 up to but excluding 95AAA 95 up to but excluding 99AAAA 99 to 100 inclusiveD315/D315M 95 (2017)211. Sampling11.1 Fr
33、om each lot of tape, take a lot sample in a randommanner to be representative of the lot in accordance with theschedule in Table 2. Cut a specimen from each roll taken fortest, each specimen to be the full width of the tape and at least1.5 m 5 ft long. The specimen may be taken from the cut endof th
34、e roll.12. Specimen Preparation12.1 Condition all specimens (without preconditioning) fora period of 4 h, or until the specimen shows a progressivechange in mass of no more than 0.1 % after an exposure of 0.5h, in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 50 6 2%at21 6 1.1C.13. Test MethodsMENSURA
35、TION13.1 ScopeThis test method covers the measurements ofthe width, thickness, mass per unit length (weight), and fabriccount for woven asbestos tape.13.2 Significance and UseThe measurements determinedon woven asbestos tapes establish their suitability for use invarious product applications. These
36、dimensions constitute animportant part of the information specified on purchase con-tracts.13.3 HazardsWarningsee 1.3.13.4 Procedure:13.4.1 Width:13.4.1.1 Measure the width of the tape on each roll taken fortest by the use of a standard steel rule graduated in millimetres116-in. or finer divisions.
37、Make the measurements while thetape lies flat and without tension on a smooth surface. Makefive measurements at least 300 mm 1 ft apart in each roll.13.4.1.2 Report the average of the measurements on all rollsas the width of the lot under test.13.4.2 Thickness:13.4.2.1 Measure the thickness of the t
38、ape as directed inMethod D1777. Use a gage having a circular pressor foot witha nominal diameter of 9.5 mm 0.375 in. The pressor foot andmoving parts shall be weighted so as to apply a total load of170 6 3g66 0.1 oz equivalent in pressure to 23.4 kPa 3.4psi to the specimen. Make ten thickness measur
39、ements on aspecimen from each roll taken for test distributed approxi-mately uniformly along the specimen. Make no measurementon the selvage edge of the specimen.13.4.2.2 Report the average of all measurements as theaverage thickness of the lot.13.4.3 Linear Density:13.4.3.1 From each roll taken for
40、 test, cut a specimen notless than 1.5 m 5 ft in length and the full width of the tape,measuring the length of the specimen to the nearest 2.5 mm0.1 in., using a steel tape or rigid rule. Make sure that thespecimen is free from tension, wrinkles, and folds. Weigh thespecimen to the nearest 0.1 g 0.0
41、1 oz. Using the averagelength and mass, calculate the linear density (weight) in kg/100m lb/100 ft.13.4.3.2 Report the average linear density (weight) in kg/100 m lb/100 ft as the linear density (weight) of the tape.13.4.4 Fabric Count:13.4.4.1 EndsDetermine the fabric count (warp yarn endsper 25 mm
42、 1 in. and filling yarn picks per 25 mm 1 in. onone or more specimens from each sample roll as directed inTest Method D3775.13.4.4.2 PicksReport the number of picks per 25 mm 1in. counted to the nearest individual warp yarn and the picksper 25 mm 1 in. calculated to the nearest filling yarn.13.4.4.3
43、 Report the average number of picks per inchobserved for all specimens.13.5 Precision and BiasRefer to Section 14.13.6 Asbestos Content:13.6.1 Determine the asbestos content of one or morespecimens from each roll taken for test as directed in TestMethod D1918.13.6.2 Report the average asbestos conte
44、nt as directed inTest Method D1918.13.7 Tensile (Breaking) Strength (Breaking Load):13.7.1 Determine the breaking load, as directed in 13.7.2and 13.7.3. Use a specimen about 150 mm 6 in. long and anominal gage length of 75 mm 3 in. Use a constant rate oftraverse type tensile testing machine operated
45、 at 300 6 10 mm12 6 0.5 in./min. If agreed upon between the buyer andseller, a constant rate of elongation machine may be used.13.7.2 Tapes up to and Including 40 mm 1.5 in. WideMake five tests full width in the warp direction using clampshaving a nominal width of 50 mm 2 in.TABLE 2 Lot Sample SizeN
46、umber of Rollsin Lot or ShipmentNumber of Rollsto Be Taken for Test50 and under 351 to 100 5101 to 250 7251 to 500 10501 to 700 12701 to 1000 151001 rolls and over 2 % of shipment rounded offto the next higher integerTABLE 3 Components of Variance for the Properties Listed, asStandard DeviationsProp
47、erty UnitsSingle-Operator InterlaboratoryRepeatability ReproducibilityWidth mm 0.719 0.328in. 0.0283 0.0129Thickness mm 0.043 0.030in. 0.0017 0.0012Fabric countWarp number 0.196 0.290Filling number 0.1811 0.1526Tensile (breaking) strength(breaking load)AWarp N 21.8 71.9lbf 4.91 16.17Linear density (
48、weight) kg/100 m 0.3049 0.0902lb/100 ft 0.2049 0.0606AEach laboratory tensile (breaking) strength, or breaking load was on a differentvalue level.D315/D315M 95 (2017)313.7.3 Tapes over 40 mm 1.5 in. WideTest five speci-mens taken in the warp direction by the Grab-Method asdirected in Test Methods D1
49、682.13.7.4 Report the average of the results as the breaking loadof the lot tested.14. Precision and Bias14.1 Interlaboratory Test Data5An interlaboratory testwas run in 1974 in which randomly drawn samples of threematerials were tested in four laboratories. One operator in eachlaboratory tested five specimens of each material. The compo-nents of variance expressed
