1、Designation: D628/D628M 95 (Reapproved 2009)1Standard Specification forAsbestos Tubular Sleeving1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D628/D628M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was corrected editorially in March 2010.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers woven and braided asbestostubular sleev
3、ing having a minimum of 75 mass % of asbestosfiber, excluding the mass of other inorganic strands which maybe present.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsy
4、stem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into conta
5、ct.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”21.4 The following safety hazards caveat pe
6、rtains only to thetest methods, Section 13, described in this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the
7、 applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use. For specific safety hazard, see 1.3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD299 Specification for Asbestos YarnsD1118 Test Method for Magnetic R
8、ating of Asbestos Fiberand Asbestos TextilesD1682 Methods of Test for Breaking Load and Elongationof Textile Fabrics4D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsD1910 Methods of Test for Construction Characteristics ofWoven Fabrics4D1918 Test Method for Asbestos Content of AsbestosTextilesD2
9、100 Specification for Asbestos Textiles Used for Electri-cal Insulating PurposesD2946 Terminology for Asbestos and AsbestosCementProductsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in thisspecification, refer
10、to Terminology D123. For asbestos terms,refer to Terminology D2946.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 asbestos fiber, nthe hydrous magnesium silicateserpentine mineral designated as chrysotile and having anempirical formula Mg3Si2O5(OH)4.3.2.2 atmosphere for testing, n for asbestos textiles, airmaintained at a r
11、elative humidity of 50 6 2 % at 21 6 1C.3.2.3 sleeving, nin textiles, woven or braided fabric oftubular form.4. Classification4.1 ClassesThe classes of asbestos tubular sleeving arebased on the nature of the yarns from which they are braidedor woven.4.1.1 Class ATubular sleeving constructed of asbes
12、tosyarns containing no reinforcing strands.4.1.2 Class BTubular sleeving constructed of asbestosyarns containing wire reinforcement.4.1.3 Class CTubular sleeving constructed of asbestosyarns containing organic reinforcing strands.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 on
13、Fiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17.03 on Asbestos - Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D628 95(2004)1.DOI: 10.1520/D
14、0628_D0628M-95R09E01.2Available from The Asbestos Institute, Online, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AST
15、M website.4Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.4 Class DTubular sleeving constructed of asbestosyarns containing nonmetallic inorganic reinforcing strands.4.1.5 Class ETubular sleeving constructed of two or
16、moreof the yarns used in sleeving of Classes A through D.4.2 GradesThe grades of asbestos tubular sleeving arebased on the mass % of asbestos content as stated in Table 1.4.3 Electrical Insulation Classification:4.3.1 Asbestos tubing as made for the electrical industry isfurnished in three types, cl
17、assified on the basis of magneticrating determined by Test Method D1118, which serve toidentify performance limits.Type IIMagnetic Rating 0.75 maximumType IVMagnetic Rating 2.00 maximumType VIMagnetic Rating 4.00 maximum4.3.2 Type II is intended only for special applications wherethe asbestos is of
18、primary importance as electrical insulationused on magnet wire and when used primarily as a dielectric.4.3.3 Type IV is intended for use where the asbestos is ofsecondary importance as electrical insulation and where it isapplied in combination with other materials of comparablyhigher dielectric str
19、ength, as in the construction of heat andflame resistant electrical insulating walls over unit conductorsof electric cables.4.3.4 Type VI is intended for use where the asbestos is ofminor importance as a dielectric, as in the construction of filler,or heat and flame resistant walls of electric cable
20、s, or whenused as a lining for control enclosures (arc chutes) subject toexposure to electric arcs.5. Ordering Information5.1 The following information may be specified on theorder:5.2 Dimensions, including inside diameter, wall thickness,and the number of ends per bobbin.5.3 Materials and Manufactu
21、re, including the number ofcarriers, the yarn number, and the class, grade, and type.5.4 Length per Unit Mass (Weight).5.5 Limits on the Number of Knots and Imperfections.5.6 Braided or Woven Construction.5.7 With or Without Any Surface Treatment, such as dustsuppressant or sizing treatment.5.8 Quan
22、tity Required, expressed in length of tubing.5.9 See Section 16.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 YarnTubular asbestos sleeving shall be uniformlybraided or woven from a specified grade of asbestos yarn withor without reinforcement.6.2 Wire ReinforcementThe wire reinforcement may bebrass, copper, zinc
23、, nickel, nichrome, inconel, monel, or othermetal or alloy as specified in the order.6.3 Organic ReinforcementThe organic reinforcementmay be cotton, nylon, rayon, or other spun or filament yarn(s)as specified in the order.6.4 Inorganic ReinforcementThe inorganic reinforcementmay be glass, or other
24、ceramic or vitreous, spun or filamentyarn(s) as specified in the order.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The asbestos content shall comply with the gradedesignation as in Table 1.8. Physical Properties8.1 Tubing for electrical insulation shall conform to Speci-fication D2100.8.2 The magnetic rating shall c
25、omply with the classificationtype in 4.3.9. Mechanical Properties9.1 Tensile (Breaking) Strength:9.1.1 Braided Sleeving Tensile (breaking) strength is nota requirement.9.1.2 Woven Sleeving The tensile (breaking) strength(breaking load) of woven asbestos tubular sleeving shall be asagreed upon betwee
26、n the purchaser and the seller.10. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations10.1 Inside Diameter The tolerances for the inside diam-eter of asbestos tubular sleeving shall be as agreed upon by thepurchaser and the seller.10.2 Wall Thickness The wall thickness of asbestos tubu-lar sleeving shall b
27、e within the following limits:Nominal Wall Thickness, mm in. Permissible Limits, mm in.0.8 1320.2560.0101.6 116 360.0153.2 18 760.03010.3 Mass per Unit LengthThe mass of asbestos tubularsleeving shall be within 610 % of the specified mass.10.4 Fabric Count:10.4.1 Woven Sleeving The number of warp en
28、ds per unitof length and the number of filling picks per unit of length inwoven asbestos tubular sleeving shall be within 610 % of thespecified fabric count.10.4.2 Braided Sleeving The number of picks or cross-overs per unit of length in braided asbestos tubular sleevingshall be within 6 10 % of the
29、 specified fabric count.10.5 Yarn Number (Cut)the yarn number (cut) shall be asspecified and shall conform to the requirements stated inSpecification D299.11. Sampling11.1 Divide the material to be tested into lots as specified inTable 2. From each lot, take a lot sample of three rolls or spoolsrand
30、omly selected. Cut one specimen of at least1m1ydfrom each roll or spool in the lot sample.TABLE 1 Grades of Asbestos Tubular SleevingGrade Asbestos Content, mass %Commercial 75 up to but not including 80Underwriters 80 up to but not including 85A 85 up to but not including 90AA 90 up to but not incl
31、uding 95AAA 95 up to but not including 99AAAA 99 to 100 inclusiveD628/D628M 95 (2009)1212. Specimen Preparation12.1 Condition all specimens (without preconditioning) fora minimum of 4 h, or until the specimen shows no progressivechange in mass of more than 0.1 % after an exposure of 0.5 h,in an atmo
32、sphere having a relative humidity of 50 6 2 % at 216 1C.13. Test MethodsMENSURATION13.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofinside diameter, wall thickness, mass per unit length (weight),fabric count, yarn number, number of carriers, number of endson bobbin, and number of imperfections
33、for asbestos tubing.13.2 Significance and UseThe mensuration results iden-tify the tubing with regard to all its significant dimensions.They are used to determine the suitability of given asbestostubing for specific applications.13.3 Apparatus:13.3.1 MandrelsSmooth cylindrical tubes or rods within0.
34、25 mm 0.010 in. of the specified diameter, with a smoothrounded end, and at least 300 mm 1 ft in length.13.3.2 Steel Tape or Rigid Rule, graduated in 1-mm 132-in.increments at least 600 mm 2 ft in length.13.3.3 Slide Caliper, graduated to 1 mm 132 in.13.3.4 Gage, deadweight type, equipped with a dia
35、l gradu-ated to read directly to 0.025 mm 0.001 in., having a circularpresser foot with a diameter of 9.5 6 0.025 mm 0.375 6 0.001in. The presser foot and moving parts connected therewithshall be weighted so as to apply a total load of 1.67 6 0.03 N6 6 0.1 ozf equivalent to 23 kPa 3.4 psi to the spe
36、cimen(see Note 1).NOTE 1Table A1 of Method D1777 lists some of the suppliers ofapparatus of this type.13.4 HazardsWarningsee 1.3.13.5 Procedure:13.5.1 Inside Diameter:13.5.1.1 General ProcedureDetermine the inside diam-eter of sleeving by the use of a mandrel of the specifieddiameter, as described i
37、n 13.3.1. Slip the test specimen over therounded end of the mandrel for a distance of approximately300 mm 1 ft. If the sleeving is of proper size, the specimenshall fit smoothly and snugly and shall show no unduedisturbance of the construction due to forcing the specimenonto the mandrel. The procedu
38、re described in 13.5.1.2 may beused as an optional method for sleeving over 75 mm 3 in. ininside diameter.13.5.1.2 Optional Procedure for Sleeving over 75 mm 3in. Inside DiameterFor testing sleeving over 75 mm 3 in.inside diameter, place the test specimen in a relaxed conditionand smooth out any wri
39、nkles. Do not distort the construction ofthe specimen. Measure to the nearest 1 mm 132 in. the widthof the specimen by use of a steel tape or rigid rule, as describedin 13.3.2. Measure the wall thickness as directed in 13.5.2.Calculate the inside diameter using Eq 1:Inside diameter 5 2w 2 2t!#/p (1)
40、where:w = outside flat width of specimen, andt = wall thickness of specimen.13.5.2 Wall Thickness:13.5.2.1 General ProcedureInsert a mandrel as specifiedin 13.3.1 of the nominal inside diameter of the sleeving into thespecimen and measure the outside diameter with a slide caliperas described in 13.3
41、.3, to the nearest 1 mm 132 in. Calculatethe wall thickness using Eq 2:Thickness 5 S 2 M!/2 (2)where:S = outside diameter of the mandrel, plus two layers of thespecimen, andM = outside diameter of the bare mandrel.13.5.2.2 Make three measurements on each specimen andrecord the average of the nine th
42、ickness measurements.13.5.2.3 The optional procedure described in 13.5.2.4 maybe used for sleeving over 75 mm 3 in. inside diameter.13.5.2.4 Optional Procedure for Sleeving over 75 mm 3in. Inside DiameterFor testing sleeving having an insidediameter over 75 mm 3 in., slit the test specimens andmeasu
43、re the thickness of the sleeving as directed in MethodD1777, using a gage as described in 13.3.4. Make threethickness measurements on each specimen. Record the averageof the nine thickness measurements.13.5.3 Mass per Unit Length:13.5.3.1 Procedure Cut a specimen not less than 600 mm2 ft long from e
44、ach sample taken for test. Measure the lengthof the specimen to the nearest 1 mm 116 in., using the steeltape or rigid rule. Make sure the specimen is free of tension,wrinkles, and folds. Weigh the specimen to the nearest 1 g 0.1oz. Use the average length and mass to calculate the averagemass per un
45、it length kg/100 m lb/100 ft.13.5.4 Fabric Count:13.5.4.1 Braided Sleeving Determine the number of picksor crossovers of the yarn per unit of length by laying thesleeving on a flat surface and counting the crossovers of thesingle or multiple end yarns over a 75-mm 3-in. length at fivedifferent place
46、s along the specimen.13.5.4.2 Woven Sleeving Determine the fabric count ofthe woven sleeving as directed in Test Method D3775.13.6 Precision and Bias:13.6.1 Precision:13.6.1.1 Repeatability The intralaboratory single-operator repeatability, (2S) as defined in Practice E177, ob-tained on any specimen
47、 of Underwriters grade, type IV, plain(non-metallic) asbestos tubing with a thickness of 1.6 mm, aninside diameter of 12 mm and a mass per unit length (weight)of 5.65 kg/100 m is as follows:Inside diameter 616 % or 61.9 mmWall thickness 69%or6 0.15 mmTABLE 2 Lot Sizes for SamplingInside Diameter Lot
48、 (or fraction thereof)mm in. kg lb13 and under 0.5 and under 50 100over 13 to 25 over 0.5 to 1 150 300over 25 to 150 over 1 to 6 300 600over 150 over 6 500 1000D628/D628M 95 (2009)13Mass per unit length (weight) 613 % or 643.5 kg/100 mCarriers 100 % repeatableEnds on bobbin 100 % repeatableYarn numb
49、er as in Specification D299Imperfections 100 % repeatable13.6.1.2 Reproducibility Reproducibility has not yet beendetermined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM.13.6.2 BiasBias cannot be established for lack of a refereetest method except for the determinations of carriers, insidediameter, wall thickness, mass per unit length, fabric count,ends on bobbin, and imperfections for which th
