1、Designation: D 628 95 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Specification forAsbestos Tubular Sleeving1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 628; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEAsbestos warning was moved from 13.4 to 1.3 in September 2004.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers woven and braided asbestostubular sleeving
3、 having a minimum of 75 mass % of asbestosfiber, excluding the mass of other inorganic strands which maybe present.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos
4、and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Useof
5、 Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”21.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods, Section 13, described in this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the res
6、ponsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use. For specific safety hazard, see 1.3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Texti
7、lesD 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 299 Specification for Asbestos YarnsD 1118 Test Method for Magnetic Rating of Asbestos Fiberand Asbestos TextilesD 1682 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics4D 1777 Method for Measuring Thickness of Textile Mate-rials4D 1910 Test M
8、ethods for Construction Characteristics ofWoven Fabrics5D 1918 Test Method for Asbestos Content of AsbestosTextilesD 2100 Specification for Asbestos Textiles Used for Elec-trical Insulating PurposesD 2946 Terminology Relating to AsbestosE 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM T
9、est Methods3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology D 123. For asbestos terms,refer to Terminology D 2946.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 asbestos fiber, nthe hydrous magnesium silicateserpentine mineral designated as chrysotile and having anempi
10、rical formula Mg3Si2O5(OH)4.3.2.2 atmosphere for testing, n for asbestos textiles, airmaintained at a relative humidity of 50 6 2 % at 21 6 1C.3.2.3 sleeving, nin textiles, woven or braided fabric oftubular form.4. Classification4.1 ClassesThe classes of asbestos tubular sleeving arebased on the nat
11、ure of the yarns from which they are braidedor woven.4.1.1 Class ATubular sleeving constructed of asbestosyarns containing no reinforcing strands.4.1.2 Class BTubular sleeving constructed of asbestosyarns containing wire reinforcement.4.1.3 Class CTubular sleeving constructed of asbestosyarns contai
12、ning organic reinforcing strands.4.1.4 Class DTubular sleeving constructed of asbestosyarns containing nonmetallic inorganic reinforcing strands.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17
13、.03 on Asbestos-Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approvedin 1941. Discontinued 1989 and reinstated in 1995 as D 628 95. Last previousedition approved in 1999 as D 628 95.2Available from The Asbestos Institute, Online, http:/
14、 referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.5Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
15、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.5 Class ETubular sleeving constructed of two or moreof the yarns used in sleeving of Classes A through D.4.2 GradesThe grades of asbestos tubular sleeving arebased on the mass % of asbestos content as stated in Table 1.4.3 E
16、lectrical Insulation Classification:4.3.1 Asbestos tubing as made for the electrical industry isfurnished in three types, classified on the basis of magneticrating determined by Test Method D 1118, which serve toidentify performance limits.Type IIMagnetic Rating 0.75 maximumType IVMagnetic Rating 2.
17、00 maximumType VIMagnetic Rating 4.00 maximum4.3.2 Type II is intended only for special applications wherethe asbestos is of primary importance as electrical insulationused on magnet wire and when used primarily as a dielectric.4.3.3 Type IV is intended for use where the asbestos is ofsecondary impo
18、rtance as electrical insulation and where it isapplied in combination with other materials of comparablyhigher dielectric strength, as in the construction of heat andflame resistant electrical insulating walls over unit conductorsof electric cables.4.3.4 Type VI is intended for use where the asbesto
19、s is ofminor importance as a dielectric, as in the construction of filler,or heat and flame resistant walls of electric cables, or whenused as a lining for control enclosures (arc chutes) subject toexposure to electric arcs.5. Ordering Information5.1 The following information may be specified on the
20、order:5.2 Dimensions, including inside diameter, wall thickness,and the number of ends per bobbin.5.3 Materials and Manufacture, including the number ofcarriers, the yarn number, and the class, grade, and type.5.4 Length per Unit Mass (Weight).5.5 Limits on the Number of Knots and Imperfections.5.6
21、Braided or Woven Construction.5.7 With or Without Any Surface Treatment, such as dustsuppressant or sizing treatment.5.8 Quantity Required, expressed in length of tubing.5.9 See Section 16.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 YarnTubular asbestos sleeving shall be uniformlybraided or woven from a specifi
22、ed grade of asbestos yarn withor without reinforcement.6.2 Wire ReinforcementThe wire reinforcement may bebrass, copper, zinc, nickel, nichrome, inconel, monel, or othermetal or alloy as specified in the order.6.3 Organic ReinforcementThe organic reinforcementmay be cotton, nylon, rayon, or other sp
23、un or filament yarn(s)as specified in the order.6.4 Inorganic ReinforcementThe inorganic reinforcementmay be glass, or other ceramic or vitreous, spun or filamentyarn(s) as specified in the order.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The asbestos content shall comply with the gradedesignation as in Table 1.8.
24、Physical Properties8.1 Tubing for electrical insulation shall conform to Speci-fication D 2100.8.2 The magnetic rating shall comply with the classificationtype in 4.3.9. Mechanical Properties9.1 Tensile (Breaking) Strength:9.1.1 Braided Sleeving Tensile (breaking) strength is nota requirement.9.1.2
25、Woven Sleeving The tensile (breaking) strength(breaking load) of woven asbestos tubular sleeving shall be asagreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.10. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations10.1 Inside Diameter The tolerances for the inside diam-eter of asbestos tubular sleeving shall
26、 be as agreed upon by thepurchaser and the seller.10.2 Wall Thickness The wall thickness of asbestos tubu-lar sleeving shall be within the following limits:Nominal Wall Thickness, mm (in.) Permissible Limits, mm (in.)0.8 (132)0.25(60.010)1.6 (116 360.015)3.2 (18 760.030)10.3 Mass per Unit LengthThe
27、mass of asbestos tubularsleeving shall be within 610 % of the specified mass.10.4 Fabric Count:10.4.1 Woven Sleeving The number of warp ends per unitof length and the number of filling picks per unit of length inwoven asbestos tubular sleeving shall be within 610 % of thespecified fabric count.10.4.
28、2 Braided Sleeving The number of picks or cross-overs per unit of length in braided asbestos tubular sleevingshall be within 6 10 % of the specified fabric count.10.5 Yarn Number (Cut)the yarn number (cut) shall be asspecified and shall conform to the requirements stated inSpecification D 299.11. Sa
29、mpling11.1 Divide the material to be tested into lots as specified inTable 2. From each lot, take a lot sample of three rolls or spoolsrandomly selected. Cut one specimen of at least1m(1yd)from each roll or spool in the lot sample.12. Specimen Preparation12.1 Condition all specimens (without precond
30、itioning) fora minimum of 4 h, or until the specimen shows no progressiveTABLE 1 Grades of Asbestos Tubular SleevingGrade Asbestos Content, mass %Commercial 75 up to but not including 80Underwriters 80 up to but not including 85A 85 up to but not including 90AA 90 up to but not including 95AAA 95 up
31、 to but not including 99AAAA 99 to 100 inclusiveD 628 95 (2004)e12change in mass of more than 0.1 % after an exposure of 0.5 h,in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 50 6 2 % at 216 1C.13. Test MethodsMENSURATION13.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofinside diameter, wall thic
32、kness, mass per unit length (weight),fabric count, yarn number, number of carriers, number of endson bobbin, and number of imperfections for asbestos tubing.13.2 Significance and UseThe mensuration results iden-tify the tubing with regard to all its significant dimensions.They are used to determine
33、the suitability of given asbestostubing for specific applications.13.3 Apparatus:13.3.1 MandrelsSmooth cylindrical tubes or rods within0.25 mm (0.010 in.) of the specified diameter, with a smoothrounded end, and at least 300 mm (1 ft) in length.13.3.2 Steel Tape or Rigid Rule, graduated in 1-mm (132
34、-in.)increments at least 600 mm (2 ft) in length.13.3.3 Slide Caliper, graduated to 1 mm (132 in.).13.3.4 Gage, deadweight type, equipped with a dial gradu-ated to read directly to 0.025 mm (0.001 in.), having a circularpresser foot with a diameter of 9.5 6 0.025 mm (0.375 6 0.001in.). The presser f
35、oot and moving parts connected therewithshall be weighted so as to apply a total load of 1.67 6 0.03 N(6 6 0.1 ozf) equivalent to 23 kPa (3.4 psi) to the specimen(see Note 1).NOTE 1Table A1 of Method D 1777 lists some of the suppliers ofapparatus of this type.13.4 HazardsWarningsee 1.3.13.5 Procedur
36、e:13.5.1 Inside Diameter:13.5.1.1 General ProcedureDetermine the inside diam-eter of sleeving by the use of a mandrel of the specifieddiameter, as described in 13.3.1. Slip the test specimen over therounded end of the mandrel for a distance of approximately300 mm (1 ft). If the sleeving is of proper
37、 size, the specimenshall fit smoothly and snugly and shall show no unduedisturbance of the construction due to forcing the specimenonto the mandrel. The procedure described in 13.5.1.2 may beused as an optional method for sleeving over 75 mm (3 in.) ininside diameter.13.5.1.2 Optional Procedure for
38、Sleeving over 75 mm (3 in.)Inside DiameterFor testing sleeving over 75 mm (3 in.)inside diameter, place the test specimen in a relaxed conditionand smooth out any wrinkles. Do not distort the construction ofthe specimen. Measure to the nearest 1 mm (132 in.) the widthof the specimen by use of a stee
39、l tape or rigid rule, as describedin 13.3.2. Measure the wall thickness as directed in 13.5.2.Calculate the inside diameter using Eq 1:Inside diameter 5 2w 2 2t!#/p (1)where:w = outside flat width of specimen, andt = wall thickness of specimen.13.5.2 Wall Thickness:13.5.2.1 General ProcedureInsert a
40、 mandrel as specifiedin 13.3.1 of the nominal inside diameter of the sleeving into thespecimen and measure the outside diameter with a slide caliperas described in 13.3.3, to the nearest 1 mm (132 in.). Calculatethe wall thickness using Eq 2:Thickness 5 S 2 M!/2 (2)where:S = outside diameter of the
41、mandrel, plus two layers of thespecimen, andM = outside diameter of the bare mandrel.13.5.2.2 Make three measurements on each specimen andrecord the average of the nine thickness measurements.13.5.2.3 The optional procedure described in 13.5.2.4 maybe used for sleeving over 75 mm (3 in.) inside diam
42、eter.13.5.2.4 Optional Procedure for Sleeving over 75 mm (3 in.)Inside DiameterFor testing sleeving having an inside diam-eter over 75 mm (3 in.), slit the test specimens and measure thethickness of the sleeving as directed in Method D 1777, usinga gage as described in 13.3.4. Make three thickness m
43、easure-ments on each specimen. Record the average of the ninethickness measurements.13.5.3 Mass per Unit Length:13.5.3.1 Procedure Cut a specimen not less than 600 mm(2 ft) long from each sample taken for test. Measure the lengthof the specimen to the nearest 1 mm (116 in.), using the steeltape or r
44、igid rule. Make sure the specimen is free of tension,wrinkles, and folds. Weigh the specimen to the nearest 1 g (0.1oz). Use the average length and mass to calculate the averagemass per unit length kg/100 m (lb/100 ft).13.5.4 Fabric Count:13.5.4.1 Braided Sleeving Determine the number of picksor cro
45、ssovers of the yarn per unit of length by laying thesleeving on a flat surface and counting the crossovers of thesingle or multiple end yarns over a 75-mm (3-in.) length at fivedifferent places along the specimen.13.5.4.2 Woven Sleeving Determine the fabric count ofthe woven sleeving as directed in
46、Test Method D 3775.13.6 Precision and Bias:13.6.1 Precision:13.6.1.1 Repeatability The intralaboratory single-operator repeatability, (2S) as defined in Practice E 177,obtained on any specimen of Underwriters grade, type IV,plain (non-metallic) asbestos tubing with a thickness of 1.6mm, an inside di
47、ameter of 12 mm and a mass per unit length(weight) of 5.65 kg/100 m is as follows:Inside diameter 616 % or 61.9 mmWall thickness 69%or6 0.15 mmMass per unit length (weight) 613 % or 643.5 kg/100 mCarriers 100 % repeatableEnds on bobbin 100 % repeatableYarn number as in Specification D 299TABLE 2 Lot
48、 Sizes for SamplingInside Diameter Lot (or fraction thereof)mm (in.) kg (lb)13 and under (0.5 and under) 50 (100)over 13 to 25 (over 0.5 to 1) 150 (300)over 25 to 150 (over 1 to 6) 300 (600)over 150 (over 6) 500 (1000)D 628 95 (2004)e13Imperfections 100 % repeatable13.6.1.2 Reproducibility Reproduci
49、bility has not yet beendetermined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM.13.6.2 BiasBias cannot be established for lack of a refereetest method except for the determinations of carriers, insidediameter, wall thickness, mass per unit length, fabric count,ends on bobbin, and imperfections for which there is zero biasand that may be used as referee methods.NOTE 2The precision and accuracy of the procedures in SpecificationD 628 for yarn number, test specimen content, breaking
