1、Designation: D 70 03Standard Test Method forDensity of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (PycnometerMethod)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 70; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination o
3、f the specificgravity and density of semi-solid bituminous materials, asphaltcements, and soft tar pitches by use of a pycnometer.NOTE 1An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solidand solid bituminous materials is Test Method D 3289. For materialswhich are too fluid for use of this
4、test method, use Test Method D 3142.1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations pri
5、or to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction Materials2D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials3D 3142 Test Method for Density of Liquid Asphalts (Hy-drometer Method)3D 3289 Test Method for Den
6、sity of Semi-Solid and SolidBituminous Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)3D 4311 Practice for Determining Asphalt Volume Correc-tion to a Base Temperature3E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 densitythe mass per unit volume of
7、 a material.3.1.2 relative densitythe ratio of the mass of a givenvolume of a material to the mass of the same volume of waterat the same temperature (see Note 2).NOTE 2Relative density is also described as specific gravity.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is placed in a calibrated pycnometer
8、. Thepycnometer and sample are weighed, then the remainingvolume is filled with water. The filled pycnometer is brought tothe test temperature, and weighed. The density of the sample iscalculated from its mass and the mass of water displaced by thesample in the filled pycnometer.5. Significance and
9、Use5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes tounits of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from thetemperature of measurement to a standard temperature usingPractice D 4311.6. Apparatus6.1 Pycnometer, glass, consisting of a cylindrical or conicalvessel carefully ground to receive
10、an accurately fitting glassstopper 22 to 26 mm in diameter. The stopper shall be providedwith a hole 1.0 to 2.0 mm in diameter, centrally located inreference to the vertical axis. The top surface of the stoppershall be smooth and substantially plane, and the lower surfaceshall be concave to allow al
11、l air to escape through the bore. Theheight of the concave section shall be 4.0 to 18.0 mm at thecenter. The stoppered pycnometer shall have a capacity of 24 to30 mL and shall weigh not more than 40 g. Suitable pycnom-eters are illustrated in Fig. 1.6.2 Water Bath, constant-temperature, capable of m
12、aintain-ing the temperature within 0.1C of the test temperature.6.3 Thermometers, calibrated liquid in glass, total immer-sion type, of suitable range with graduations at least every0.1C and a maximum scale error of 0.1C as prescribed inSpecification E 1. Thermometer commonly used is ASTM63C. Older
13、ASTM 63F thermometers may be used untilsupplies are exhausted. Any other thermometer device of equalaccuracy may be used.7. Materials7.1 WaterFreshly boiled and cooled distilled or deionizedwater.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the
14、 direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.47 onMiscellaneous Asphalt Tests.Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originallyapproved in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 70-97.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.4A
15、nnual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8. Sampling8.1 Take samples in accordance with Practice D 140. Thesample shall be free of foreign substances.8.2 Thoroughly mix the sample before
16、 removing a repre-sentative portion for testing.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Partially fill a 600-mL Griffin low-form beaker withfreshly boiled and cooled distilled or deionized water to a levelthat will allow the top of the pycnometer to be immersed to adepth of not less than 40 mm.9.2 Partially
17、immerse the beaker in the water bath to a depthsufficient to allow the bottom of the beaker to be immersed toa depth of not less than 100 mm, while the top of the beaker isabove the water level of the bath. Clamp the beaker in place.9.3 Maintain the temperature of the water bath within 0.1Cof the te
18、st temperature.10. Calibration of Pycnometer10.1 Thoroughly clean, dry, and weigh the pycnometer tothe nearest 1 mg. Designate this mass as A.10.2 Remove the beaker from the water bath. Fill thepycnometer with freshly boiled distilled or deionized water,placing the stopper loosely in the pycnometer.
19、 Place thepycnometer in the beaker and press the stopper firmly in place.Return the beaker to the water bath.NOTE 3Calibration must be done at the test temperature. A pycnom-eter calibrated at one temperature cannot be used at a different temperaturewithout recalibration at that temperature.10.3 All
20、ow the pycnometer to remain in the water for aperiod of not less than 30 min. Remove the pycnometer,immediately dry the top of the stopper with one stroke of a drytowel (Note 4), then quickly dry the remaining outside area ofthe pycnometer and weigh to the nearest 1 mg. Designate themass of the pycn
21、ometer plus water as B.NOTE 4Do not redry the top of the stopper even even if a smalldroplet of water forms as a result of expansion. If the top is dried at theinstant of removing the pycnometer from the water, the proper mass of thecontents at the test temperature will be recorded. If moisture cond
22、enses onthe pycnometer during weighing, quickly redry the outside of thepycnometer (excluding the top) before recording the mass.11. Procedure11.1 Preparation of SampleHeat the sample with care,stirring to prevent local overheating, until the sample hasbecome sufficiently fluid to pour. In no case s
23、hould thetemperature be raised to more than 55C above the expectedsoftening point for tar, or to more than 110C above theexpected softening point for asphalt. Do not heat for more than60 min, and avoid incorporating air bubbles into the sample.11.2 Pour enough sample into the clean, dry, warmedpycno
24、meter to fill it about three fourths of its capacity. Takeprecautions to keep the material from touching the sides of thepycnometer above the final level and prevent the inclusion ofair bubbles (Note 5). Allow the pycnometer and its contents tocool to ambient temperature for a period of not less tha
25、n 40 minand weigh with the stopper to the nearest 1 mg. Designate themass of the pycnometer plus sample as C.NOTE 5If any air bubbles are inadvertently occluded, remove bybrushing the surface of the asphalt in the pycnometer with a high “soft”flame of a bunsen burner. To avoid overheating, do not al
26、low the flame toremain in contact with the asphalt more than a few seconds at any onetime.11.3 Remove the beaker from the water bath. Fill thepycnometer containing the asphalt with freshly boiled distilledor deionized water, placing the stopper loosely in the pycnom-eter. Do not allow any air bubble
27、s to remain in the pycnometer.Place the pycnometer in the beaker and press the stopper firmlyin place. Return the beaker to the water bath.11.4 Allow the pycnometer to remain in the water bath fora period of not less than 30 min. Remove the pycnometer fromthe bath. Dry and weigh using the same techn
28、ique and timingas that employed in 10.3. Designate this mass of pycnometerplus sample plus water as D.12. Calculation12.1 Calculate the relative density to the nearest 0.001 asfollows:FIG. 1 Suitable Pycnometers and StopperD70032relative density 5 C 2 A!/B 2 A! 2 D 2 C!# (1)where:A = mass of pycnome
29、ter (plus stopper),B = mass of pycnometer filled with water,C = mass of pycnometer partially filled with asphalt, andD = mass of pycnometer plus asphalt plus water.12.2 Calculate density to the nearest 0.001 as follows:Density 5 specific gravity 3 WT(2)where:WT= density of water at the test temperat
30、ure (Note 6).NOTE 6Density of water from CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics:Temperature, C Density of Water, kg/m315.0 999.125.0 997.013. Report13.1 Report density to the nearest 1 kg/m3and the testtemperature.14. Precision and Bias14.1 Single Operator PrecisionThe single-operator stan-dard deviation
31、 for the relative density of semi-solid bituminousmaterials has been found to be 0.0013 at 15.6C and 0.00082at 25.0C. Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests bythe same operator on the same material should not differ bymore than the following values (see Note 6):Test Temperature, C Densit
32、y, kg/m315.0 3.725.0 2.314.2 Multilaboratory PrecisionThe multilaboratory stan-dard deviation for the relative density of semi-solid bituminousmaterials has been found to be 0.0024 at 15.6C and 0.0019 at25.0C. Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests bytwo laboratories on samples of the sa
33、me material should notdiffer by more than the following values (see Note 6):Test Temperature, C Density, kg/m315.0 6.825.0 5.4ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are e
34、xpressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not rev
35、ised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you m
36、ay attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United St
37、ates. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Precision of Specific Gravity Data for Semi-Sol
38、id Bituminous MaterialsTemperatureCSingle-Operator MultilaboratoryDegrees ofFreedom(1S) (D2S)Degrees ofFreedom(1S) (D2S)Asphalt 15.6 54 0.0011 0.0032 24 0.0018 0.005125.0 54 0.00080 0.0023 24 0.0024 0.0068Soft tar pitch 15.6 72 0.0013 0.0038 27 0.0029 0.008325.0 72 0.00083 0.0023 27 0.0017 0.0048Pooled values 15.6 114 0.0013 0.0035 51 0.0024 0.006725.0 114 0.00082 0.0023 51 0.0019 0.0053D70033
