1、Designation: D 951 99 (Reapproved in 2004)Standard Test Method forWater Resistance of Shipping Containers by Spray Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 951; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers th
3、e determination of the waterresistance of shipping containers.1.2 This test method is frequently used in conjunction withother tests made prior to or after the spray test, such as the droptest, vibration test, inclined impact test, or compression test.1.3 This standard does not purport to address al
4、l of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 685 Practice for C
5、onditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingD 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-ments3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 996.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is used to determine the water resis-tance
6、 of shipping containers. It can be used to determine theability of the container to resist deterioration caused by wateror the ability of the container to protect the contents fromwater. It is frequently used in conjunction with other tests madeprior to or after the spray test, such as the drop test
7、, inclinedimpact test, vibration test or compression test.5. Apparatus5.1 The apparatus, illustrated schematically in Fig. 1, shallconsist of the components described in 5.2-5.8. Modificationsare permissible, such as the use of fresh tap water instead of arecirculating system, as long as the specifi
8、ed temperature andspray intensity are achieved.5.2 Test RoomA test room or cabinet shall be of water-resistant construction, insulated and heated when necessary sothat proper temperature control can be maintained. The bottomshall be covered with a false floor of slats and have an outletdrain.5.3 Spr
9、aysSpray nozzles shall be of such size and sospaced that the specified intensity of spray falls uniformlydistributed over the floor area. The spray nozzles shall be solocated that the droplets are falling from gravitational forceonly when they strike the specimens.5.4 Flow Control ValvesFlow control
10、 valves, to controlthe intensity of the spray, are required.5.5 Circulating SystemA circulating system shall, whereused, consist of a fine-mesh strainer, pump, relief by-pass,gages, and pressure regulating valve, together with the neces-sary piping between the flow control valves, spray nozzles, and
11、water reservoir.5.6 ReservoirA reservoir for storage and conditioning ofthe spray water shall, where used, be equipped with anoverflow to a sewer and with a drain to facilitate changing thewater at the start of each test. Make-up water, regulated by afloat control, shall also discharge into this tan
12、k.5.7 Water Temperature ControlA thermostatically con-trolled means of heating for maintaining the supply water at thedesired temperature is required.5.8 Conditioning ApparatusAdequate facilities shall beprovided for conditioning test specimens at proper humidityand temperature prior to test.6. Test
13、 Specimens6.1 Test at least three containers, closed and sealed as forshipping. Select as test specimens samples that are represen-tative of the containers being tested. For some purposes (suchas for checking leakage alone) the containers may be tested1This test method is under the jurisdiction of A
14、STM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.23 on NaturalEnvironment Test Methods.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originallyapproved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 951 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit
15、 the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
16、9, United States.empty. Normally, however, the containers shall be packed withthe contents designed to be shipped in them or with a materialof similar character.7. Conditioning7.1 Condition the test specimens sufficiently, after closingand sealing, so that any adhesives, protective coatings, gluedfl
17、aps, and the like, will have reached their final normalcondition, and shall be at the same temperature as the test roombefore being placed in it. Condition fibreboard containers inaccordance with Practice D 685.8. Procedure8.1 Weigh each sample after conditioning and prior to test.8.2 Adjust spray n
18、ozzles and flow control valves to therequired spray intensity. See Appendix X1.8.3 Start and operate the water sprays until the entiresystem, including the test room, has reached equilibrium.Unless otherwise specified, the standard temperature of thespray water and test room shall be 73.4 6 3.6F (23
19、 6 2C),maintained by thermostatic control.8.4 Place each sample to be tested on the false floor of thetest room in normal stacking position or in any other positionspecifically called for in the test. Be certain the distancebetween adjacent samples is not less than 6 in. (150 mm).Operate the water s
20、prays continuously at the specified intensityfor the duration of the test. (The duration of the test is to bedetermined by the user.)8.5 Immediately at the conclusion of the spray test, removeany liquid water from the exterior surfaces of each sampleusing a squeegee or other suitable means, and weig
21、h thesamples.8.6 Immediately following the weighing of the container,make any required examination to determine the condition ofthe containers and their contents. Observe location and extentof any leakage into the container where the test is beingperformed to determine the ability of the container t
22、o protectthe contents from water. Immediately follow this examinationwith any subsequent tests that are required.9. Report9.1 The report shall include the following:9.1.1 Identification of container, including data on closure,liners, etc.9.1.2 Identification of contents.9.1.3 Temperature at which th
23、e test was conducted.9.1.4 Intensity of the spray.9.1.5 Duration of test.9.1.6 Position of containers during test.9.1.7 Data on condition of the container liners, and contentsat the completion of the spray test. These comparative datashall be as detailed and specific as the nature of the containeran
24、d its contents will permit and shall include, when possible,changes in mass, water leakage determined by measurement orestimated by visual examination, amount of product spoilage,etc.9.1.8 Initial and final weight.9.1.9 Data on any previous or subsequent tests to which thetest containers are submitt
25、ed.10. Precision and Bias10.1 No statement is made about either the precision or biasof this test method since the result merely states whether thereis conformance to the criteria for success specified by theuser(s) of this test procedure, and because the results depend onthe precision and bias of o
26、ther tests carried out following thistest.11. Keywords11.1 container; water resistance; water sprayFIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Spray ApparatusD 951 99 (2004)2APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SPRAY INTENSITIESX1.1 The following intensities have been used in carryingout the water spray test.X1.1.
27、1 High Intensity,46 1 in./h (100 6 25 mm/h)Thisintensity is useful to simulate tropical or subtropical condi-tions.X1.1.2 Medium Intensity,2612 in./h (100 6 25 mm/h)This intensity is useful to simulate temperate zone or protectedstorage conditions. The International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA) uses t
28、his intensity for package testing.X1.1.3 Low Intensity,1612 in./h (25 6 10 mm/h)Thisintensity is useful to simulate protected storage conditionswhere incidental exposure to weather may occur during load-ing and unloading from covered transport into the coveredstorage.ASTM International takes no posi
29、tion respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibili
30、ty.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to AST
31、M International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address
32、shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 951 99 (2004)3
