1、Designation: D951 17Standard Test Method forWater Resistance of Shipping Containers by Spray Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D951; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of
3、the waterresistance of shipping containers.1.2 This test method is frequently used in conjunction withother tests made prior to or after the spray test, such as the droptest, vibration test, inclined impact test, compression test or theenvironmental hazard test of Practice D4169, or combinationsther
4、eof.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any,
5、associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationall
6、y recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminolo
7、gy of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for Testing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Term
8、inology D996.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is used to determine the water resis-tance of shipping containers. It can be used to determine theability of the container to resist deterioration caused by wateror the ability of the container to protect the contents fromwater. It is frequent
9、ly used in conjunction with other tests madeprior to or after the spray test, such as the drop test, inclinedimpact test, vibration test or compression test.5. Apparatus5.1 The apparatus, illustrated schematically in Fig. 1, shallconsist of the components described in 5.2 5.8. Modificationsare permi
10、ssible, such as the use of fresh tap water instead of arecirculating system, as long as the specified temperature andspray intensity are achieved.5.2 Test RoomA test room or cabinet shall be of water-resistant construction, insulated and heated when necessary sothat proper temperature control can be
11、 maintained. The bottomshall be covered with a false floor of wood, plastic, or metalslats, or other perforations, and have an outlet drain.5.3 SpraysSpray nozzles shall be of such size and sospaced that the specified intensity of spray falls uniformlydistributed over the floor area. The spray nozzl
12、es shall be solocated that the droplets are falling from gravitational forceonly when they strike the specimens.5.4 Flow Control ValvesFlow control valves, to controlthe intensity of the spray, are required.5.5 Circulating SystemA circulating system shall, whereused, consist of a fine-mesh strainer,
13、 pump, relief by-pass,gages, and pressure regulating valve, together with the neces-sary piping between the flow control valves, spray nozzles, andwater reservoir.5.6 ReservoirA reservoir for storage and conditioning ofthe spray water shall, where used, be equipped with anoverflow to a sewer and wit
14、h a drain to facilitate changing thewater at the start of each test. Make-up water, regulated by afloat control, shall also discharge into this tank.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on ShippingContai
15、ners and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D951 99 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/D0951-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org
16、, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis internation
17、al standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee
18、.15.7 Water Temperature ControlA thermostatically con-trolled means of heating for maintaining the supply water at thedesired temperature is required.5.8 Conditioning ApparatusAdequate facilities shall beprovided for conditioning test specimens at proper humidityand temperature prior to test.6. Test
19、 Specimens6.1 Test at least three containers, closed and sealed as forshipping. Select as test specimens samples that are represen-tative of the containers being tested. For some purposes (suchas for checking leakage alone) the containers may be testedempty. Normally, however, the containers shall b
20、e packed withthe contents designed to be shipped in them or with a materialof similar character.7. Conditioning7.1 Condition the test specimens sufficiently, after closingand sealing, so that any adhesives, protective coatings, gluedflaps, and the like, will have reached their final normalcondition,
21、 and shall be at the same temperature as the test roombefore being placed in it. Condition containers in accordancewith Practice D4332, or other applicable method.8. Procedure8.1 Weigh each sample after conditioning and prior to test.8.2 Adjust spray nozzles and flow control valves to therequired sp
22、ray intensity. See Appendix X1.8.3 Start and operate the water sprays until the entiresystem, including the test room, has reached equilibrium.Unless otherwise specified, the standard temperature of thespray water and test room shall be 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C),maintained by thermostatic control.8.4 Pl
23、ace each sample to be tested on the false floor of thetest room in normal stacking position or in any other positionspecifically called for in the test. Be certain the distancebetween adjacent samples is not less than 6 in. (150 mm).Operate the water sprays continuously at the specified intensityfor
24、 the duration of the test. (The duration of the test is to bedetermined by the user.)8.5 Immediately at the conclusion of the spray test, removeany liquid water from the exterior surfaces of each fiberboardor wood sample using a squeegee or other suitable means, andweigh the samples.8.6 Immediately
25、following the weighing of the container,make any required examination to determine the condition ofthe containers and their contents. Observe location and extentof any leakage into the container where the test is beingperformed to determine the ability of the container to protectthe contents from wa
26、ter. Look for areas of water retention, andthe amount retained. Immediately follow this examination withany subsequent tests that are required.9. Report9.1 The report shall include the following:9.1.1 Identification of container, including data on closure,liners, etc.9.1.2 Identification of contents
27、.9.1.3 Temperature at which the test was conducted.9.1.4 Intensity of the spray.9.1.5 Duration of test.9.1.6 Position of containers during test.9.1.7 Data on condition of the container liners, and contentsat the completion of the spray test. These comparative datashall be as detailed and specific as
28、 the nature of the containerand its contents will permit and shall include, when possible,changes in mass, water leakage determined by measurement orestimated by visual examination, amount of product spoilage,etc.9.1.8 Initial and final weight.9.1.9 Data on any previous or subsequent tests to which
29、thetest containers are submitted.10. Precision and Bias10.1 No statement is made about either the precision or biasof this test method since the result merely states whether thereis conformance to the criteria for success specified by theuser(s) of this test procedure, and because the results depend
30、 onthe precision and bias of other tests carried out following thistest.11. Keywords11.1 container; water resistance; water sprayFIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Spray ApparatusD951 172APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SPRAY INTENSITIESX1.1 The following intensities have been used in carryingout the
31、water spray test.X1.1.1 High Intensity, 4 6 1 in./h (100 6 25 mm/h)Thisintensity is useful to simulate tropical or subtropical condi-tions.X1.1.2 Medium Intensity, 2 612 in./h (100 6 25 mm/h)This intensity is useful to simulate temperate zone or protectedstorage conditions. The International Atomic
32、Energy Agency(IAEA) uses this intensity for package testing.X1.1.3 Low Intensity, 1 612 in./h (25 6 10 mm/h)Thisintensity is useful to simulate protected storage conditionswhere incidental exposure to weather may occur during load-ing and unloading from covered transport into the coveredstorage.ASTM
33、 International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are ent
34、irely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsan
35、d should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee o
36、n Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 173
