1、Designation: D 2423 90 (Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forSurface Wax on Waxed Paper or Paperboard1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2423; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the weight ofwax on the surface of waxed paper.1.2 Th
3、is standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documen
4、ts2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related ProductD 646 Test Method for Grammage of Paper and Paperboard(Mass Per Unit Area)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 basis weight of paperbasis weight is expressed ingrams per sq
5、uare metre. In countries where the metric systemis not universal, basis weight is also expressed in pounds perream.3.1.2 ream of paper (news and wrapping)500 sheets each610 by 914 mm (24 by 36 in.).NOTE 1For factors to convert basis weight in grams per square metreto other commercial reams, see Test
6、 Method D 646.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The quantity of wax present as a surface film on paperor paperboard is determined through the difference in weight ofspecimens before and after scraping with a razor blade.5. Significance and Use5.1 Many of the functional properties of waxed paper andpaperb
7、oard are related to the amount of wax present as asurface film. Test methods which determine wax load bysolvent extraction do not differentiate between the wax presentas a surface wax layer and that which has penetrated into thesubstrate. This test method, which mechanically removes thewax, measures
8、 the amount on each surface of the substrate.6. Apparatus6.1 Pad of paper to be used as a cushion under the waxedpaper specimens during the scraping operation.6.2 Analytical Balance, capable of reproducing weights tothe nearest 0.001 g.6.3 Razor Blade, single-edged for scraping the wax from thespeci
9、men.6.4 Trimming Board, or other device for cutting paperspecimens. A paper cutter having an attachment for ensuringparallelism of the opposite edge of the trimmed sheet, or atemplate, or a die cutter is recommended.6.5 Measuring Device, capable of measuring the size of thespecimen to an accuracy 0.
10、5 mm.7. Sampling7.1 Select samples that are free of wrinkles, cuts, or otherdefects in accordance with Practice D 585.8. Procedure8.1 Prepare a specimen consisting of a 100 by 100-mmsquare of waxed paper. Determine the area (in square millime-tres) of each specimen to the nearest 1.0 % of its total
11、area.8.2 Weigh the specimen on the analytical balance to thenearest 0.5 % of its total weight.8.3 Remove the surface wax from one side of the specimen(side No. 1) by scraping toward each of its four edges asfollows: Hold the specimen firmly on the pad to preventslippage. With a razor blade held vert
12、ically, scrape the entirearea of one side of the specimen with repeated one-directionalstrokes of the blade, slightly overlapping the strokes. Rotate thespecimen through 90 and repeat the scraping. Continuerotating and scraping twice more to complete the process.1This test method is under the jurisd
13、iction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical Properties.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 2423 90 (2002)
14、.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
15、 C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8.4 Reweigh the specimen as described in 8.2. Record theweight of the specimen as the scraped basis weight side No. 1.8.5 Remove the surface wax from side No. 2 of thespecimen by scraping as described in 8.3.8.6 Reweigh the specimen and record t
16、he weight as thescraped basis weight side No. 2.9. Calculation9.1 The surface wax weight is determined by weight differ-ence. The weight of surface wax on side No. 1 of the sample isthe difference between the initial weight and the scrapedweight side No. 1. The weight of the surface wax on side No.2
17、 of the sample is the difference between the scraped weightside No. 2 and the scraped weight side No. 1. Multiply theweight in grams per square millimetre by 106to convert tograms per square metre.10. Report10.1 Report the surface wax weight in grams per squaremetre. To convert from grams per square
18、 metre to pounds perream, see Test Method D 646. To obtain results in terms ofpounds per 1000 ft2, multiply the grams per square metre by0.205.11. Precision and BiasNOTE 2The precision data were obtained on five replicate specimens(in each laboratory) on samples of commercially waxed paper with awei
19、ght range of between 3.25 and 9.76 g/m2(2 and 6 lb/3000 ft2)ofwaxon each surface.11.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method as deter-mined by statistical examination of interlaboratory results is asfollows:11.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between two test re-sults, obtained by the same operat
20、or with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test material,would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method, exceed the following values only in one casein twenty: 0.976 g/m20.6 lb/ream! (1)11.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two sin
21、gleand independent results obtained by different operators work-ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, inthe long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the following values only in one case intwenty:1.46 g/m20.9 lb/ream! (2)11.2 BiasThe procedure
22、 in this test method has no biasbecause the surface wax on waxed paper or paperboard can bedefined only in terms of a test method.12. Keywords12.1 paper; paperboard; waxASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin
23、this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must
24、 be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of ther
25、esponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
26、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 2423 90 (2007)2
