1、Designation: D2996 15 An American National StandardStandard Specification forFilament-Wound “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-ReinforcedThermosetting-Resin) Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2996; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers machine-made reinforced ther-mosetting resin pres
3、sure pipe (RTRP) manufactured by thefilament winding process up to 60 in. nominal size. Includedare a classification system and requirements for materials,mechanical properties, dimensions, performance, methods oftest, and marking.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standa
4、rd. The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation purposes only.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 8, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,if any, associated with its use. It is
5、the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.NOTE 1The term “fiberglass pipe” as described in Section 3 of thisspecification applies to both reinforced thermosetting resin pi
6、pe (RTRP)and reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP). This specification coversonly reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP).NOTE 2This specification is applicable to RTRP where the ratio ofoutside diameter to wall thickness is 10:1 or more.NOTE 3There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.NOT
7、E 4For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not includenatural polymers.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure o
8、f Plastic PipeUnder Constant Internal PressureD1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time HydraulicPressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and FittingsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD2105 Test Method for Longitudinal Tensile Properties of“Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
9、 Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and TubeD2143 Test Method for Cyclic Pressure Strength ofReinforced, Thermosetting Plastic PipeD2310 Classification for Machine-Made “Fiberglass”(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) PipeD2412 Test Method for Determination of External LoadingCharacteristics of Plast
10、ic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingD2992 Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic or Pressure De-sign Basis for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-ReinforcedThermosetting-Resin) Pipe and FittingsD3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass”(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe andFittingsF412
11、 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nologies D883 and F412 and abbreviations are in accordancewith Terminology D1600, unless otherwise indicated. Theabbreviation for reinforced thermosetting resin pipe is
12、RTRP.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 coatinga resin layer, with or without filler orreinforcement, or both, applied to the exterior surface of thepipe structural wall.3.2.2 fiberglass pipea tubular product containing glass-fiber reinforcements embedded in or surrounded by cu
13、redthermosetting resin; the composite structure may containaggregate, granular or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents,pigments, or dyes; thermoplastic or thermosetting liners orcoatings may be included.3.2.3 filament windinga process used to manufacture tu-bular goods by winding continuous fibrous
14、glass strand roving,or roving tape, saturated with liquid resin or preimpregnatedwith partially cured resin (subsequent heating may be required1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on ReinforcedPlastic P
15、iping Systems and Chemical Equipment.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2996 01(2007)1.DOI: 10.1520/D2996-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Se
16、rvice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
17、8-2959. United States1to polymerize the resin system) onto the outside of a mandrelin a predetermined pattern under controlled tension; the insidediameter (ID) of the pipe is fixed by the mandrel outsidediameter and the outside diameter (OD) of the pipe is deter-mined by the amount of material that
18、is wound on the mandrel.3.2.4 linerthe inner portion of the wall at least 0.005 in.(0.13 mm) in thickness, as determined in 8.3.2, which does notcontribute to the strength in the determination of the hydro-static design basis.3.2.5 reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP)a fiberglasspipe with aggregate
19、.3.2.6 reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP)a fiber-glass pipe without aggregate.3.2.7 reinforced wall thicknessthe total wall thicknessminus the liner or exterior coating thickness, or both.4. Classification4.1 GeneralPipe meeting this specification is classified bytype, grade, class, and hydr
20、ostatic design basis in accordancewith Classification D2310 and by a secondary cell classifica-tion system that defines the basic mechanical properties of thepipe. These types, grades, classes, hydrostatic design basiscategories, and cell classification designations are as follows:4.1.1 Types:Type 1
21、Filament wound.4.1.2 Grades:Grade 1Glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin pipe.Grade 2Glass fiber reinforced polyester resin pipe.Grade 7Glass fiber reinforced furan resin pipe.4.1.3 Classes:Class ANo liner.Class BPolyester resin liner (nonreinforced).Class CEpoxy resin liner (nonreinforced).Class EPoly
22、ester resin liner (reinforced).Class FEpoxy resin liner (reinforced).Class HThermoplastic resin liner (specify).Class IFuran resin liner (reinforced).4.1.4 Hydrostatic Design BasisTwo methods of classify-ing the hydrostatic design basis of the pipe are provided. Pipemeeting this specification shall
23、be classified using either thecyclic test method or the static test method, or both, and thedesignations as shown in Table 1. Appendix X1 explains howthese design basis categories are to be used.4.1.4.1 For pipe subjected to axial or end loads, the effect ofthese loads shall be represented in the HD
24、B testing. In thedesignation code, the numeral 1 shall immediately follow theHDB letter class if free-end type closures were used and thenumeral 2 shall immediately follow the HDB letter class ifrestrained-end type closures were used to establish the HDB.4.1.5 Mechanical PropertiesTable 2 presents a
25、 cell clas-sification system for identifying the mechanical properties ofpipe covered by this specification.NOTE 5For the purposes of this classification, polyester resins shallinclude vinylester resins, but the purchaser should consult with themanufacturer to determine which resin is applicable for
26、 the specificconditions in which the pipe will be used.NOTE 6All possible combinations covered by the above classificationsystem may not be commercially available.4.1.6 Designation CodeThe pipe designation code shallconsist of the abbreviation RTRP, followed by the type andgrade in Arabic numerals,
27、the class and static or cyclic HDBlevel in capital letters, the type of end closure used, and fourArabic numbers identifying, respectively, the cell classificationdesignations of the short-term rupture strength, longitudinaltensile strength, longitudinal tensile modulus, and pipe stiff-ness.Example:
28、 RTRP-11FA1-1334. Such a designation woulddescribe a filament-wound, glass-fiber reinforced, epoxy pipehaving a reinforced epoxy liner; a cyclic pressure strengthexceeding 2500 psi (17.2 MPa) using free-end closures; ashort-term rupture strength exceeding 10 000 psi (68.9 MPa);a longitudinal tensile
29、 strength exceeding 25 000 psi (172MPa); a longitudinal tensile modulus exceeding3106psi(20.7 103MPa); and a pipe stiffness exceeding 36 psi (248kPa).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 GeneralThe resins, reinforcements, colorants, fillers,and other materials, when combined as a composite structure,shal
30、l produce a pipe that shall meet the performance require-ments of this specification.6. Physical Requirements6.1 WorkmanshipThe pipe shall be free of all defectsincluding indentations, delaminations, bubbles, pinholes, for-eign inclusions, and resin-starved areas which, due to theirnature, degree, o
31、r extent, detrimentally affect the strength andserviceability of the pipe. The pipe shall be as uniform ascommercially practicable in color, opacity, and other physicalproperties. The pipe shall be round and straight and the bore ofthe pipe shall be smooth and uniform.All pipe ends shall be cutat ri
32、ght angles to the axis of the pipe and any sharp edgesremoved.6.2 Dimensions and Tolerances:6.2.1 Inside and Outside DiameterThe inside and outsidediameter and tolerances of pipe meeting these specificationsshall conform to the requirements in one of the Tables 3-6,when determined in accordance with
33、 8.3.1.6.2.2 Wall ThicknessThe minimum wall thickness of pipefurnished under this specification shall not at any point be lessthan 87.5 % of the nominal wall thickness published in theTABLE 1 Hydrostatic Design Basis CategoriesCyclic Test Method Static Test MethodDesignationHoop Stress, psi(MPa) Des
34、ignationHoop Stress, psi(MPa)A 2 500 (17.2) Q 5 000 (34.5)B 3 150 (21.7) R 6 300 (43.4)C 4 000 (27.6) S 8 000 (55.2)D 5 000 (34.5) T 10 000 (68.9)E 6 300 (43.4) U 12 500 (86.2)F 8 000 (55.2) W 16 000 (110)G 10 000 (68.9) X 20 000 (138)H 12 500 (86.2) Y 25 000 (172)Z 31 500 (217)D2996 152manufacturer
35、s literature current at the time of purchase whenmeasured in accordance with 8.3.1.6.3 PerformancePipe meeting this specification shall becategorized by a long-term static or cyclic hydrostatic designbasis as shown in Table 1 when tested in accordance with 8.4or 8.5.Additionally, the pipe shall meet
36、 the applicable cell limitrequirements for short-term rupture strength, longitudinal ten-sile strength, longitudinal tensile modulus, and apparent stiff-ness factor as described in Table 2 when tested in accordancewith 8.6 through 8.8.6.3.1 Any significant changes in the original pipe catego-rized i
37、n 6.3, with respect to materials or manufacturingprocess, will require recategorizing according to 6.3. Thesechanges include, but are not limited to: a change in reinforce-ment type, composition, or binder; a change in resin type,composition, or cure; or change in linear composition,thickness, or cu
38、re.NOTE 7The purchaser should consult the manufacturer for the properclass, type, and grade of pipe to be used under the installation andoperating conditions, with respect to temperature, conveyed fluid,pressure, etc., that will exist for the project in which the pipe is to be used.7. Sampling7.1 At
39、 least one sample of pipe, to determine conformanceof the material to the short-term hoop tensile rupture require-ments as shown in Table 2, shall be taken at random on aweekly basis or on each production run, whichever is the mostfrequent. The rate of sampling for the other tests listed shall bein
40、accordance with accepted statistical practice or as agreedupon between the purchaser and the seller.7.2 For individual orders, only those additional tests andnumber of tests specifically agreed upon between the purchaserand the seller need to be conducted.8. Test Methods8.1 ConditioningCondition the
41、 test specimens at 23 62C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 10 % relative humidity for notless than 48 h prior to test, in accordance with Procedure A ofTABLE 2 Physical Property RequirementsDesignationOrder Number Mechanical PropertyCell Limits01234561 Short time rupture strength hooptensile stress, min, psi.
42、 . . 4000 12 000 22 000 30 000 40 000 50 000(MPa) . . . (27.6) (82.7) (152) (207) (276) (345)2 Longitudinal tensile strength min,psi. . . 2000 8000 16 000 22 000 30 000 40 000(MPa) . . . (13.8) (55.2) (110) (152) (207) (276)3 Longitudinal tensile modulus,min, psi 106. . . 0.6 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.5 3.0(MPa
43、) . . . (4100) (9000) (10 300) (13 100) (17 200) (20 700)4 Pipe stiffness at 5 % deflection,psi. . . 5 9 18 36 72 144(kPa) . . . (34) (62) (124) (248) (496) (993)TABLE 3 Dimensions and Tolerances for Outside Diameter (OD)Series Pipe with Steel-Pipe-Equivalent (Iron Pipe Size)Nominal Pipe Size, in. i
44、n. (mm)1 1.315 + 0.060 33.40 + 1.520.016 0.41112 1.900 + 0.060 48.26 + 1.520.018 0.462 2.375 + 0.060 60.32 + 1.520.018 0.46212 2.875 + 0.060 73.02 + 1.520.018 0.463 3.500 + 0.060 88.90 + 1.520.018 0.464 4.500 + 0.060 114.30 + 1.520.018 0.466 6.625 + 0.066 168.28 + 1.680.028 0.648 8.625 + 0.086 219.0
45、8 + 2.180.040 1.0210 10.750 + 0.108 273.05 + 2.740.048 1.2212 12.750 + 0.128 323.85 + 3.250.056 1.4214 14.000 + 0.145 355.60 + 3.680.064 1.6316 16.000 + 0.165 406.40 + 4.190.074 1.88AOutside diameters other than listed in Tables 3 to 6 shall be permitted byagreement between the manufacturer and the
46、purchaser.TABLE 4 Dimensions and Tolerances for Inside Diameter (ID)Series PipeNominal Pipe Size, in. in. mm1 1.00 0.06 25.4 1.52112 1.500 0.06 38.1 1.522 2.0000.06 50.81.52212 2.500 0.06 63.5 1.523 3.0000.12 76.23.054 4.000 0.12 101.6 3.056 6.000 0.25 152.4 6.358 8.000 0.25 203.2 6.3510 10.000 0.25
47、 254.0 6.3512 12.000 0.25 304.8 6.3514 14.000 0.25 355.6 6.3515 15.000 0.25 381.0 6.3516 16.000 0.25 406.4 6.3518 18.000 0.25 457.2 6.3520 20.000 0.25 508.0 6.3524 24.000 0.25 609.6 6.3530 30.000 0.30 762.0 7.6236 36.000 0.36 914.4 9.1442 42.000 0.42 1066.8 10.6848 48.000 0.48 1219.2 12.1954 54.000
48、0.54 1371.6 13.7260 60.000 0.60 1524.0 15.24D2996 153Methods D618, for those tests where conditioning is required,and in all cases of disagreement.8.2 Test ConditionsConduct the tests in the StandardLaboratory Atmosphere of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 610 % relative humidity, unless otherwise speci
49、fied in the testmethod or in this specification.8.3 Dimensions and Tolerances:8.3.1 Wall Thickness and DiameterDetermine in accor-dance with Practice D3567.8.3.2 Liner ThicknessIf the test specimens contain a liner,determine the average liner thickness in accordance withPractice D3567.8.4 Long-Term Cyclic Hydrostatic StrengthDetermine inaccordance with ProcedureAof Method D2992, following TestMethod D2143.8.5 Long-Term S
