1、Designation: D 3159 06Standard Specification forModified ETFE-Fluoropolymer Molding and ExtrusionMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers melt processi
3、ble molding andextrusion materials of modified ETFE-fluoropolymer. TheETFE resin is a copolymer of ethylene containing approxi-mately 75 mass % of tetrafluoroethylene.1.2 The values stated in SI units as detailed in IEEE/ASTMSI 10 are to be regarded as standard. The values given inbrackets are for i
4、nformation only.NOTE 1Although this specification and ISO 12086-1 (1994) andISO 12086-2 (1994) differ in approach or detail, data obtained using eitherare technically equivalent.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 11, of this specification. Thisst
5、andard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.1.4 Recycled material is not
6、 appropriate for this specifica-tion because performance requirements cannot be met withrecycled material. Therefore, this specification is for virginmaterial only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Sol
7、id Electrical Insula-tionD 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1238 Test Method for Melt Flow R
8、ates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Poly-mers By Differential Scanning CalorimetryD 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsE 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and
9、 Bias inASTM Test MethodsSI 10 Use of the International System of Units (SI): TheModern Metric System2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 12086-1 (1994) PlasticsFluoropolymer Dispersionsand Moulding and Extrusion MaterialsPart 1ISO 12086-2 (1994) PlasticsFluoropolymer Dispersionsand Moulding and Extrusion Material
10、sPart 23. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 GeneralThe terminology given in TerminologyD 883 is applicable to this specification.3.1.2 lot, none production run or a uniform blend of twoor more production runs.3.1.3 Abbreviated Terms:3.1.4 GeneralThe abbreviated terms given in Terminol-ogy D 1600 are
11、applicable to this specification.4. Classification4.1 This specification covers five types of modified ETFE-fluoropolymer supplied in pellet form classified according totheir specific gravity. The resins of each type are divided intoone to three grades according to their melt flow rate.4.2 A one-lin
12、e system shall be used to specify materialscovered by this specification. The system uses predefined cellsto refer to specific aspects of this specification, as illustrated asfollows:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Su
13、bcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials(Section D20.15.12).Current edition approved March 15, 2006. Published April 2006. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 3159 - 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custome
14、r Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, P
15、A 19428-2959, United States.SpecificationStandard Number : Type : Grade : SpecialBlock : : : Notes: ,:Example: Specification D 3159 95, I 2For this example, the line callout would be, Specification D3159 95,I2 and would specify a modified ETFE-fluoropolymer that has all of the properties listed for
16、that typeand grade in the appropriate specified properties, or tables, orboth, in the specification identified. A comma is used as theseparator between the standard number and the type. Separa-tors are not needed between the type and grade.3Provision forspecial notes is included so that other inform
17、ation can beprovided when required.An example would be in SpecificationD 3295 where dimensions and tolerances are specified for eachAWG size within the type and class. When special notes areused, they shall be preceded by a comma.5. General Requirements5.1 The material shall be of uniform compositio
18、n and soprepared as to conform to the requirements of this specifica-tion.5.2 The material described in this specification shall be freeof foreign matter to such a contamination level as shall beagreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.6. Performance Requirements6.1 The average test result o
19、f the lot shall conform to therequirements prescribed in Tables 1 and 2 when tested by theprocedures specified herein. Table 2 lists those tests requiringa specimen molded as described in Section 8.7. Sampling7.1 The materials shall be sampled in accordance with anadequate statistical sampling progr
20、am.8. Specimen Preparation8.1 Prepare a molded sheet 1.5 6 0.3 mm 0.06 6 0.01 in.thick. Use a picture-frame-type chase having a suitableblanked-out section and thickness to produce the desired sheet.Use clean aluminum foil, 0.13 to 0.18 mm 0.005 to 0.007 in.thick, in contact with the resin. A high-t
21、emperature moldrelease agent may be sprayed on the aluminum foil to helpprevent the foil from sticking to the sheet. Use steel moldingplates at least 1.0 mm 0.040 in. thick and of an area adequateto cover the chase.8.2 Lay down and smoothly cover one plate with a sheet ofaluminum foil. Place the mol
22、d chase on top of this assembly.Place within the mold chase sufficient molding material toproduce the required sheet in such manner that the polymercharge is a mound in the middle of the chase. Place a secondsheet of aluminum foil on top of the granules and add the topmold plate. Place the assembly
23、in a compression molding presshaving platens that have been heated to 300 6 5C572 6 10F.8.3 Bring the press platens to incipient contact with themold assembly. Hold for 2 to 4 min without pressure. Applyapproximately 1 MPa 145 psi and hold for 1 to 1.5 min. Thenapply 2 to 4 MPa 290 to 580 psi and ho
24、ld for 1 to 1.5 min.Maintain the press at 300 6 5C 572 6 10F during thesesteps. Remove the assembly from the press and place betweentwo 20 6 7-mm 0.75 6 0.25-in. steel plates whose tempera-ture is less than 40C 104F.8.4 When the sheet is cool enough to touch (about 50 to60C 122 to 140F), remove alum
25、inum foil from the sheet. (Ifthe sheet is allowed to cool to room temperature, the aluminumfoil cannot be pulled free.)9. Conditioning9.1 For tests of specific gravity, tensile properties, andelectrical properties, condition the molded test specimen inaccordance with Practice D 618, Condition 4/23/5
26、0. The othertests require no conditioning.9.2 Conduct tests at the standard laboratory temperature of23 6 2C 73.4 6 3.6F for determination of specific gravity,tensile properties, and electrical properties only. Since the resindoes not absorb water, the maintenance of constant humidityduring testing
27、is not necessary. Conduct tests for flow rate andmelting endotherm under ordinary laboratory conditions.10. Packaging and Marking10.1 PackagingThe material shall be packaged in stan-dard commercial containers so constructed as to ensure accep-tance by common or other carriers for safe transportation
28、 to thepoint of delivery unless otherwise specified in the contract ororder.10.2 MarkingShipping containers shall be marked withthe name of the material, type, and quantity therein.3See the ASTM Form and Style Manual, available from ASTM Headquarters.TABLE 1 Specific Gravity, Melting Point, and Flow
29、 Rate RequirementsType GradeI II III IV V1 2 3123121 1Specific gravity,min: 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.83 1.83 1.74 1.74max: 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.88 1.88 1.78 1.80Melting point, C,min: 255 255 250 220 220 220 218 218 220 250max: 280 280 280 255 255 255 230 230 240 260Flow rate, g/10
30、min,min: 2.0 8.0 25 2.0 10.1 25 9.0 25.0 10 15max: 16.0 28.0A45 10.0 19.0 35 18.0 35.0 40 30AMeasured with 1.588-mm 0.0625-in. orifice; other values measured with 2.095-mm 0.0825-in. orifice.D315906210.3 All packing, packaging, and marking provisions ofPractice D 3892 shall apply to this specificati
31、on.11. Test Methods11.1 Melt Flow Rate:11.1.1 Principle of Test MethodDetermine the flow rate at297 6 1C using Procedure A or B or Test Method D 1238.Use the extrusion plastometer described in Test MethodD 1238 and modified in accordance with 11.1.2. The sampleshall be pellets or pieces of approxima
32、tely the same suitablesize cut from molded or extruded forms. Strips about 6 mmwide by 76 mm long 0.25 by 3 in. shall be convenientlyhandled. See Table 2 or 3 of Test Method D 1238 for theamount of charge that shall be adjusted accordingly with themelt density of ETFE being used. Usually the charge
33、amount is5 to 15 g. Measure the flow rate using a load of 49 N for TypesI, II, and III. Collect four successive cuts for the manualmethod.11.1.2 ApparatusThe apparatus shall consist of an extru-sion plastometer, described in Test Method D 1238, modifiedby use of corrosion-resistant4alloy for the bar
34、rel lining, orifice,piston tip, and orifice securing device.5The orifice diameter is2.095 by 8.000 mm long 0.0825 by 0.315 in. for all typesexcept 1.588 by 6.070 mm 0.0625 by 0.239 in. for Type I,Grade 2.11.1.3 Procedure:11.1.3.1 Temperature CalibrationThe specified melt tem-perature of 297 6 1C is
35、the temperature measured in the melt13 mm 0.5 in. above the orifice. This temperature shall beobtained by controlling the temperature measured in thethermometer well at approximately 305C. Prior to making atest, set the plastometer temperature as follows: With theorifice in place, insert a standardi
36、zed thermocouple (Note 2)through the orifice from the bottom of the plastometer to apoint 13 mm 0.5 in. above the top of the orifice. Charge 5 gof resin granules to the plastometer, compact with the piston,and wait 10 6 0.5 min for the melt temperature to reachequilibrium. Make the necessary adjustm
37、ent in the temperaturecontroller to bring the melt temperature to 297 6 1C. Repeatthis calibration procedure and record the temperature versustime at 1-min intervals for the first 10 min. The polymer shallreach the 297C temperature within 5 min. With polymer in theplastometer for an elapsed time of
38、10 min for each pointmeasured, determine the melt temperature at 6.4-mm 0.25-in.intervals from 6.4 mm to 51 mm 2 in. above the orifice. Theentire temperature profile shall be within a range of 2C. Thisprecision is readily obtained by proper insulation of the sides,bottom, and top of the plastometer.
39、NOTE 2Suitable standards for thermocouple calibration are: lead,m.p. 327.5C, potassium dichromate, m.p. 398.0C, and zinc, m.p.419.4C.11.1.4 Precision and BiasPrecision and bias for this testmethod are to be determined by round-robin testing.11.2 Specific Gravity Determine the specific gravity of asp
40、ecimen approximately 25 by 38 mm 1 by 1.5 in. blanked orcut from the molded plaque (see Section 8) in accordance withthe procedures described in Test Methods D 792. Add 2 dropsof a wetting agent to the water in order to reduce the surfacetension and ensure complete wetting of the specimen.11.3 Melti
41、ng Endotherm Peak Temperature:11.3.1 Determine the endotherm melting peak with a differ-ential thermal analyzer (DTA) or with a differential scanningcalorimeter (DSC) operated in a DTA mode at 10C/min18F/min.11.3.1.1 If DTA equipment is used, refer to Test MethodD 3418 except that the DTA shall be r
42、un at 10C/min to 325C617F.11.3.1.2 With either the DTA or DSC, extend the straightlines tangent to both sides of the endotherm melting tempera-ture. Take the temperature at which the lines intersect as theendotherm melting peak temperature.11.3.2 PrecisionThe single instrument precision of thediffer
43、ential thermal analysis applied to this test method is61.2C (2S) as defined in Practice E 177.11.4 Tensile Properties:11.4.1 Cut five specimens with the microtensile die shownin Fig. 1. The die shall be of the steel-rule or solid metal typeof curvature of 5 6 0.5-mm 0.2 6 0.02-in. type. Determinethe
44、 tensile properties in accordance with the procedures de-scribed in Test Method D 638 except that the specimens usedshall be as detailed above, the initial jaw separation shall be22.0 6 0.13 mm 0.875 6 0.005 in., and the speed of testingshall be 50 6 5 mm/min 2 6 0.2 in./min. Clamp the speci-mens wi
45、th essentially equal lengths in each jaw. Determine theelongation from the chart, expressing it as a percentage of theinitial jaw separation.4“Stellite” Grade No. 19, Haynes-Stellite Co., Kokomo, IN, and “Duranickel”No. 301, International Nickel Co., 67 Wall St., New York, NY 10005, have beenfound r
46、esistant to fluorocarbon resins. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com-ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technicalcommittee,1which you may attend.5Suitable instruments are availabl
47、e commercially.TABLE 2 Detail Requirements for Molded Test Specimens for All Resins in This SpecificationType GradeI II III IV V123123121 1Tensile strength, min, psi: 5500 4400 5500 4500 4500 4000 4000 4000 5000 4000Elongation, min, %: 275 200 300 300 300 350 350 350 350 350Dielectric constant,103Hz
48、, max: 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6106Hz, max: 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7Dissipation factor,103Hz, max: 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008106Hz, max: 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009D3159063NOTEAll dimensions are i
49、n millimetres.FIG. 1 Microtensile DieD315906411.4.2 PrecisionFor tensile strength, the within-laboratory precision is 65 % of the average (2S), and thebetween-laboratory precision is 67 % of the average (2S). Forelongation, the within-laboratory precision is 610 % (2S), andthe between-laboratory precision is 12 % (2S).611.4.3 BiasNo statement of bias can be prepared for thistest method, since there is no absolute method for use as acomparison basis.11.5 Dielectric Constant and Dissip
