1、Designation: D 3597 02Standard Performance Specification forWoven Upholstery FabricsPlain, Tufted, or Flocked1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3597; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This performance specification covers the performancerequirements for plain, tufted, or flocked woven upholsteryfabric
3、s as used in the manufacture of new indoor furniture.These requirements apply to both the warp and filling direc-tions for those factors where each fabric direction is pertinent.1.2 This performance specification is not applicable tofabrics used in porch, deck, or lawn furniture; nor for knittedfabr
4、ics, bonded or laminated fabrics, or surface-coated fabrics(such as vinyls and urethanes).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practic
5、es and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 434 Test Method for Resistance to Slippage of Yarns inWoven Fabrics Using a Standard SeamD 1175 Method of Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabri
6、cs(Oscillatory Cylinder and Uniform Abrasion)D 1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics byFalling-Pendulum Type (Elmendorf) ApparatusD 2262 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Woven Fabricsby the Tongue (Single Rip) Method (Constant -Rate- of-Traverse Tensile Testing Machine)D 2905 Practice
7、for Statements on Number of Specimensfor TextilesD 4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)D 5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongationof Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)2.2 AATCC Test Methods:38 AATCC Colorfastness to Crocking:Crockmeter Method1
8、6 Colorfastness to Light23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes107 Colorfastness to Water116 Colorfastness to Crocking:Rotary Vertical Crockmeter Method3129 Colorfastness to Ozone in the Atmosphere Under HighHumiditiesGray Scale for Color Change, Evaluation Procedure 1Chromatic Transference Scale, AATCC
9、 Evaluation Proce-dure 8 AATCC 9Step Chromatic Transference ScaleSpecifications Standards Test Procedures for UpholsteredFurniture Fabrics4Guides for the Household Furniture Industry52.3 Federal Standard:16CFR, Chapter II-Consumer Product Safety Commission,Subchapter D-Flammable Fabrics Act Regulati
10、on62.4 Military Standard:ASQ/ANSI Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-spection by Attributes7NOTE 1Reference to test methods in this standard give only thepermanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other testmethods. The current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.3. Te
11、rminology3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this performancespecification, refer to Terminology D 123. Definitions found ina dictionary of common terms are suitable for terms used inthis performance specification.1This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD1
12、3on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcomittee D13.63 on HomeFurnishings.Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published July 2002. Originallypublished as D 3597 77. Last previous edition D 3597 95 (2001)2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact
13、 ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3AATCC Technical Manual, available from the American Association of TextileChemists and Colorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park,
14、NC 27709.4Issued in 1969 by the National Association of Furniture Manufacturers and theNational Retail Furniture Association. Available from Home Furniture Manufactur-ers Assn., P. O. Box HP-7, High Point, NC 27261.5Available from the Bureau of Consumer Protection, Federal Trade Commis-sion, Washing
15、ton, DC 20580.6Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.7Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
16、Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Significance and Use4.1 Fabrics intended for this end-use should meet all of therequirements listed in Table 1.4.2 It should be recognized that fabrics can be producedutilizing an almost infinite number of combinations of con-struction var
17、iables ( e.g., type of fibers, percentage of fibers,yarn twist, yarn number, warp and pick count, chemical andmechanical finished). Additionally, fashion or aesthetics dictatethat the ultimate consumer may find acceptable articles madefrom fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirementsinTabl
18、e 1.4.2.1 Hence, no single performance specification can possi-bly apply to all the various fabrics that could be utilized for thisend-use.4.3 The uses and significance of particular properties andtest methods are discussed in the appropriate section of thespecified test methods.5. Specification Req
19、uirements5.1 The properties of woven upholstery fabrics (plain,tufted, or flocked) shall conform to the specification require-ments in Table 1.6. Test Methods (See Note 1)6.1 Breaking StrengthDetermine the dry breaking force inthe standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as directed in TestMethod D
20、 5034, using a constant rate of extension (CRE)tensile testing machine.6.2 Tear StrengthDetermine the tear strength in accor-dance with Test Method D 2262.NOTE 2If preferred, use of Test Method D 1424 is permitted withexisting requirements as given in this standard. However, in case ofcontroversy, T
21、est Method D 2262 shall prevail.6.3 Resistance to Yarn Slippage:6.3.1 Determine the resistance to yarn slippage in accor-dance with Test Method D 434. Regardless of the disclaimerfound in 1.2 of Test Method D 434, this procedure is applicablewith the following modifications.6.3.2 Sew the seam using
22、a minimum of seven and amaximum of eight stitches per inch (320 stitches per metre).6.3.3 Use a chrome or nickel plated needle, 0.063 in. (1.60mm) in diameter.86.3.4 Use a No. 24-4 hard finish “Z” twist white cottonsewing thread9as the needle thread. Use either hard or softfinish No. 24-4 “Z” twist
23、white cotton sewing thread for thebobbin thread.6.4 Surface Abrasion:6.4.1 Determine the surface abrasion in accordance withTest Method D 1175, using the Oscillatory Cylinder Methodwith the following modifications.6.4.2 Use a clean wire screen abradant, stainless steel, 50 by70 mesh (210 by 297 m),
24、backed by a 14-mesh (1.4 by 1.4mm) to an 18-mesh (1.0 by 1.0 mm) screen.6.4.3 The tension of the specimen shall be 4 lbf (18 N) andthe compression force shall be 3 lbf (13 N).6.4.4 Test at least two specimens in the warp direction, andat least two in the filling direction.6.4.5 At the end of 3000 cy
25、cles (double rubs) examine thespecimens for loose threads and wear (slight discoloration from8Singer No. 23 needle, or its equivalent has been found satisfactory for thismethod.9Source, most suppliers of upholstery sewing thread.TABLE 1 Specification RequirementsCharacteristics Requirements SectionB
26、reaking strength (load) 222 N (50 lbf), min 6.1Tongue tear strength 27 N (6 lbf), min 6.2Resistance to yarn slippage 111 N (25 lbf), min 6.3Surface abrasionALight-duty 3000 cycles (double rubs), min 6.4Medium-duty 9000 cycles (double rubs), min 6.4Heavy-duty 15,000 cycles (double rubs), min 6.4Dimen
27、sional change:Warp or filling 5.0% shrinkage, max to 6.52.0% gain, maxColorfastness to:BWater,CColor Change grade 4,Dmin 6.6Solvent,CColor Change grade4,Dmin 6.7Burnt gas fumes-2 cycles grade 4,Dmin 6.8Crocking:Dry grade 4,Emin 6.9Wet grade 3,Emin 6.9Light-40 AATCC Fading Units grade 4,Dmin 6.10Ozon
28、e 1 cycle grade 4,Dmin 6.11Retention of hand, character, and appearance no significant change 6.12Durability of back coating no significant change 6.13Flammability pass 6.14FTC Requirements pass 6.15AFor guideline purposes see 6.4.1.BClass in the colorfastness requirements is based on a numerical sc
29、ale of 5 for negligible for no colorchange or color transfer to 1 for very severe color change or colortransfer.CFor guidelines purposesSee Section 6.6.2.DAATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.EAATCC Chromatic Transference Scale.D3597022the stainless steel screen on light colored fabrics is disre-garded
30、). If no noticeable change is apparent, continue the testfor another 6000 cycles (a total of 9000 cycles). Examine thespecimen again. If no noticeable change is apparent, continuethe test for another 6000 cycles (a total of 15,000 cycles).NOTE 3Loss of pigment and frosting are considered in evaluati
31、ngwear. However, other changes in surface appearance or disturbance of thesurface character without significant abrasive wear should be disregarded.6.4.6 Classify fabrics that show no noticeable wear after3000 cycles but show appreciable wear at 9000 cycles aslight-duty. Classify fabrics that show n
32、o appreciable wear at9000 cycles but appreciable wear at 15 000 cycles as medium-duty. Classify fabrics that show no noticeable wear at 15 000cycles as heavy-duty.6.5 Dimensional Change:6.5.1 Determine dimensional change in accordance withSpecifications Standards Test Procedures for Upholstered Fur-
33、niture Fabrics, as follows:NOTE 4Test is not relevant if fabric is to be labeled “clean withsolvent only.”6.5.2 Procedure:6.5.2.1 Mark 12 by 12-in. (305 by 305-mm) test specimenswith sets of three 10-in. (254-mm) gage distances in both thewarp and the filling directions.6.5.2.2 Place the marked spec
34、imens in a pan at least 14 by14 by 6 in. (356 by 356 by 152 mm) containing a sufficientvolume of 80 6 5F (26 6 3C) distilled or demineralizedwater to cover them completely in their fully opened flat state.The water should contain 0.05% (OWS) nonionic wettingagent.6.5.2.3 After being completely subme
35、rged in the water for10 6 1 min, remove the specimens and individually lay themout flat on horizontal ventilated screens and allow them to dryin the prevailing room atmosphere (approximately 24 h). Donot extract or wring out the specimens prior to drying.6.5.2.4 After drying, measure the distance be
36、tween the gagemarks in each fabric direction. Separately report the averagedimensional change in the warp and the filling.6.5.3 CalculationsCalculate the shrinkage or the gain asdirected in Eq 1 and Eq 2;S 5 A 2 B!/A 3 100 (1)G 5 B 2 A/A 3 100 (2)where:A = distance between gage marks before wetout,
37、10 in.(254 mm),B = distance between gage marks after wetout and drying.G = gain, %, andS = shrinkage, %.In reporting the gain, the percent change shall have theprefix +.6.6 Colorfastness to Water:NOTE 5Test is not relevant if fabric is to be labeled “clean withsolvent only.”6.6.1 Determine colorfast
38、ness to water in accordance withAATCC 107.6.6.2 This method is a “Guideline” procedure to evaluatecolor change within the cleaned area under standardizedconditions. Although not directly related to consumer cleansingwith water-base or solvent-base cleansing agents, it will givereliable information o
39、n the fastness of the fabric coloration towater and solvent, which are the principal agents that wouldcause color migration, bleeding, or any combination thereof. Inthis context, the color change occurring in these tests denotesany change due to color loss or bleeding and migration of onecolor to an
40、other within the cleaned area.6.6.3 In the evaluation of the test results, the fabric tested iscompared against the original to establish color change.6.6.4 Those fabrics that are not fast to water or solventmedia or both, and show a color change should be so labeled.6.7 Colorfastness to Solvent:6.7
41、.1 Determine the colorfastness to solvent in accordancewith AATCC 107, with the following modifications:6.7.2 Test SolutionUse technical grade perchloroethylene.NOTE 6Perchloroethylene is toxic, and the usual precautions forhandling chlorinated solvents should be taken. It should be used onlyunder w
42、ell ventilated conditions. The solvent is nonflammable.NOTE 7The rollers in the wringer used should be such that they willnot be affected by the solvent.6.7.3 After loading the specimens in the Perspiration Tester,Perspirometer, or similar device, allow them to stand for2hinthe prevailing room atmos
43、phere. Then remove them from theunit and allow them to dry completely while hanging in theprevailing room atmosphere. Do not press or iron the speci-mens.6.7.4 See 6.6.2-6.6.4.6.8 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes Determine thecolorfastness to burnt gas fumes in accordance with AATCCTest Method 23. D
44、o not wash or dryclean these fabric speci-mens either before or after testing.6.9 Colorfastness to CrockingDetermine the colorfast-ness to wet and dry crocking in accordance with AATCC TestMethod 8 for solid shades and AATCC Test Method 116 forprints, or as agreed between the purchaser and supplier.
45、6.10 Colorfastness to LightDetermine the colorfastness tolight as directed in AATCC Method 16.NOTE 8There are distinct differences in spectral distribution betweenthe various types of machines listed in AATCC Method 16, with no overallcorrelations between them. Consequently, these machines cannot be
46、 usedinterchangeably. In case of controversy, results obtained with the WaterCooled Xenon Arc machine listed in Option E shall prevail.6.11 Colorfastness to OzoneDetermine the colorfastnessto ozone in accordance with AATCC Test Method 129.6.12 Retention of Hand, Character, and AppearanceAfabric test
47、ed in accordance with 6.5, 6.6, and 6.7 shall notchange more in hand, character, or appearance than in thelimitations set by prior agreement between purchaser andsupplier.NOTE 9Water tests would not apply, if labeled “Solvent Clean Only.”6.13 Durability of Back CoatingA fabric shall exhibit nocracki
48、ng or peeling of back coating when tested in accordancewith 6.5, 6.6, and 6.7. Durability should be compatible withcleaning code.D35970236.14 FlammabilityThe flammability requirements shall beas agreed between the purchaser and the seller, provided theymeet or exceed those of Part 1610 of the Flamma
49、ble Fabric ActRegulations.6.15 FTC RequirementsThe Federal Trade Commission(FTC) promulgated the Guides for the Household FurnitureIndustry.10Although the Textile Fiber Products IdentificationAct specifically exempts outer coverings of furniture from theapplication of the act, the FTC has very specific regulationscovered in detail in Guide 5 of the Guides for the HouseholdFurniture Industry. In brief, this rule covers the following:6.15.1 False or deceptive representation as to fiber content,6.15.2 How to identify fibers properly in advertising,6.15.
