1、Designation: D 3801 06Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics of SolidPlastics in a Vertical Position1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3801; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a small-scalelaboratory procedure for determining c
3、omparative burningcharacteristics of solid-plastic material, using a 20-mm (50W)premixed flame applied to the base of specimens held in avertical position.NOTE 1This test method and the 20 mm (50W) Vertical Burning Test(V-0, V-1, or V-2) of ANSI/UL 94 are equivalent.NOTE 2This test method and Test M
4、ethod B of IEC 606951110 areequivalent. IEC 606951110 has replaced ISO 1210.NOTE 3For additional information on materials that burn up to theholding clamp by this test method, see Test Method D 635. For testmethods of flexible plastics in the form of thin sheets and film, see TestMethod D 4804. For
5、additional information on comparative burningcharacteristics and resistance to burn-through, see Test Method D 5048.1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materialsused for parts in devices and appliances. The results areintended to serve as a preliminary indication of their accept-ability
6、 with respect to flammability for a particular application.The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its usein complete equipment that conforms with the standardsapplicable to such equipment.1.3 The classification system described in the appendix isintended for quality assurance and the
7、 preselection of compo-nent materials for products.1.4 It is possible that this test is applicable to nonmetallicmaterials other than plastics. Such application is outside thescope of this technical committee.1.5 This test method does not cover plastics when used forbuilding construction, finishing
8、or contents such as wall andfloor coverings, furnishings, decorative objects etc. In addition,the fire resistance (in terms of an hourly rating), flame spread,smoke characterization and heat release rate are not evaluatedby this test. Other fire tests exist and shall be used to evaluatethe flammabil
9、ity of materials in these intended end use productconfiguration.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfinco
10、rporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to
11、establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 635 Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent andTime of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal PositionD 883 Terminology Relating
12、to PlasticsD 4804 Test Method for Determining the FlammabilityCharacteristics of Nonrigid Solid PlasticsD 5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used forSmall-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic MaterialsD 5048 Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burn-ing Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Th
13、rough ofSolid Plastics Using a 125-mm FlameD 5207 Practice for Confirmation of 20mm (50W) and125mm (500W) Test Flames for Small-Scale BurningTests on Plastic MaterialsE 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2
14、.2 IEC Standard:3606951110 Fire Hazard TestingPart 11-10: TestFlames50W Horizontal and Vertical Flame Test Meth-ods2.3 ISO Standard:31This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties(Section D20.3
15、0.03).Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2006. Published October 2006. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 3801 - 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMSt
16、andards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Publications of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) andInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) are available from AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
17、 Floor, New York, NY10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ISO 1210 PlasticsDetermination of the Burning Behav-iour of Horizontal an
18、d Vertical Specimens in Contact witha Small-Flame Ignition Source (Withdrawn)2.4 UL Standard:4ANSI/UL 94 Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials forParts in Devices and Appliances3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor terms relating to plastics, the defini-tions in this test method are in accordance wi
19、th TerminologyD 883. For terms relating to fire, the definitions used in this testmethod are in accordance with Terminology E 176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 afterflamepersistence of flaming of a material, afterthe ignition source has been removed.3.2.2 afterflame timeth
20、e length of time for which amaterial continues to flame, under specified conditions, afterthe ignition source has been removed.3.2.3 afterglowpersistence of glowing of a material, aftercessation of flaming or, if no flaming occurs, after removal ofthe ignition source.3.2.4 afterglow timethe length o
21、f time for which a mate-rial continues to glow under specified test conditions, after theignition source has been removed or cessation of flaming, orboth.3.2.5 flame-impingement timethe time in seconds that theflame from the burner is in contact with the specimen.3.2.6 flaming materialflaming drips
22、or particles from thespecimen that ignite the absorbent 100 % cotton.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The procedure consists of subjecting a set of pre-conditioned specimens of identical composition and geometryto a standard test flame for two 10-s flame applications. Theafterflame time is recorded afte
23、r the first flame application, andthe afterflame and afterglow times are recorded after thesecond flame application. Information is also recorded onwhether or not flaming material drips from the specimen (andwhether these drips ignite a cotton indicator) and total flametime for a particular specimen
24、 set.5. Significance and Use5.1 The tests results represent afterflame and afterglow timein seconds for a material of specified shape, under theconditions of this test method.5.2 The effect of material thickness, color additives, andpossible loss of volatile components is measurable.5.3 The results,
25、 when tabulated, are potentially useful as areference for comparing the relative performance of materialsand as an aid in material selection.5.4 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one ormore specific sets of laboratory test conditions. Different testconditions will likely result in ch
26、anges in the fire-test-responsecharacteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid onlyfor the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this testmethod.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Chamber, enclosed laboratory hood or chamber,having an inside volume of at least 0.5 m3. The chamber shallpermit obser
27、vation of tests in progress and shall be , free ofinduced or forced draft during test, while allowing normalthermal circulation of air past the test specimen during burning.The inside surfaces of the chamber shall be of a dark color.When a light meter, facing towards the rear of the chamber, isposit
28、ioned in place of the test specimen, the recorded lightlevel shall be less than 20 lx. For safety and convenience, it isdesirable that this enclosure be fitted with an extraction device,such as an exhaust fan, to remove products of combustion. Theextraction device shall be turned off during the test
29、 and turnedon immediately after the test to remove the fire effluents.(WarningCombustion products are toxic. A system to con-tain and remove the products of combustion after a test isrequired.)NOTE 4Laboratory hoods often have induced drafts even with theexhaust fan off. In such cases, a positive-cl
30、osing damper shall be used.NOTE 5A mirror in the chamber, to provide a rear view of thespecimen, has been found useful in some enclosures.6.2 Laboratory Burner, constructed in accordance withSpecification D 5025.6.3 Ring Stand, with a clamp or the equivalent, adjustablefor vertical positioning of sp
31、ecimens.6.4 Gas Supply, a supply of technical-grade methane gas,minimum 98 % pure, with suitable regulator and meter foruniform gas flow. Natural gas having an energy density of 376 1 MJ/m3at 25C has been found to provide similar results.However, technical-grade methane gas shall be used as therefer
32、ee gas in cases of dispute.6.5 Timing Device, accurate to 0.5 s.6.6 Cotton, absorbent 100 % cotton.6.7 Desiccator, containing anhydrous calcium chloride orother drying agent, capable of being maintained at 23 6 2Cand relative humidity not exceeding 20 %.6.8 Conditioning Room or Chamber, capable of b
33、eingmaintained at 23 6 2C and a relative humidity of 50 6 5%.6.9 Conditioning Oven, a full-draft circulating-air ovencapable of being maintained at 70 6 2C while providing aminimum of five air changes per hour.6.10 Micrometer, having a resolution of at least 0.01 mm.6.11 Measuring Scale, graduated i
34、n millimetres.7. Test Specimens7.1 The standard specimen geometry shall be 13.0 6 0.5 by125 6 5 mm, and shall be provided in the minimum andmaximum thickness. Materials thicker than 13 mm shall not betested by this test method.7.1.1 The test specimens shall be molded in accordance withtheASTM specif
35、ications for the material; or in accordance withthe material manufacturers instructions.7.2 Surfaces shall be smooth and unbroken. Corner radiusshall not exceed 1.3 mm. After any cutting operation, edgesshall be fine-sanded to remove burrs, saw marks, and residualfilaments.4Available from Underwrite
36、rs Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., North-brook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.D38010628. Conditioning8.1 Condition specimen sets as follows:8.1.1 Condition one set of five specimens (SetA) for at least48 h at a temperature of 23 6 2C and a relative humidity of50 6 5 % prior to testing. Once removed fr
37、om the conditioningroom or chamber, specimens shall be tested within one hour.8.1.2 Condition a second set of five specimens (Set B) in acirculating-air oven for 168 6 2hat706 2C and then coolin a desiccator for at least 4 h at room temperature prior totesting. Once removed from the desiccator, spec
38、imens shall betested within 30 min.8.2 All specimens shall be tested in a laboratory atmosphereof 15 to 35C and 45 to 75 % relative humidity.8.3 Cotton shall be conditioned in the desiccator for at least24 hours prior to use. Once removed from the desiccator, thecotton shall be used within 30 minute
39、s.9. Procedure9.1 Conduct the burning test in a chamber, enclosure, orlaboratory hood free of induced or forced draft.9.2 Clamp a specimen from the upper 6 mm of its length,with the longitudinal axis vertical, so that the lower end of thespecimen is 300 6 10 mm above a horizontal layer of cotton,app
40、roximately 50 by 50 mm, thinned to a maximum uncom-pressed thickness of 6 mm, maximum mass of 0.08 g. See Fig.1.9.3 Place the burner remote from the specimen, ignite, andadjust it to produce a blue flame 20 6 2 mm high. Adjust theneedle valve and the air ports of the burner until a 20-mmyellow-tippe
41、d blue flame is produced, and then increase the airsupply until the yellow tip just disappears. Measure the heightof the flame. If the flame height is not 20 6 2 mm, adjust theburner needle valve to give the proper flame height. The flameshall be confirmed using Practice D 5207 at least once permont
42、h during active testing or whenever the gas supply ischanged.9.4 Approaching the specimen from the wide side in ahorizontal plane (see Fig. 2), place the test flame centrallyunder the lower end of the test specimen with the burner tube10 6 1 mm below the specimen and maintain that distance fora flam
43、e-impingement time of 10.0 6 0.5 s, moving the burneras necessary in response to any changes in the length orposition of the specimen. Withdraw the test flame sufficientlyso that there is no effect on the burning specimen (see Note 6)and measure the afterflame time, in seconds.9.4.1 When the flaming
44、 of the specimen ceases, immedi-ately place the test flame under the major portion of thespecimen (see Note 7) maintaining a distance of 10 6 1mmfora flame-impingement time of 10.0 6 0.5 s. After this secondflame application, withdraw the test flame (see Note 6) andmeasure the afterflame and aftergl
45、ow times, in seconds.9.4.2 Record the afterflame time after the first flame appli-cation as t1. Record the afterflame and afterglow times after thesecond flame application as t2and t3, respectively. Note andrecord whether any particles fall from the specimen and, if so,whether they ignite the cotton
46、.NOTE 6Withdrawing the burner a distance of 150 mm from thespecimen while measuring t1, t2, and t3has been found suitable.NOTE 7When the flaming of the specimen ceases after the first flameapplication, the second flame application shall be started immediately. Thetest shall not be interrupted, for e
47、xample, to record data, replace cotton, orevacuate the test chamber.NOTE 8Measuring and recording the afterflame time t2and thencontinuing the measurement of the sum of the afterflame time t2and theafterglow time t3, (without resetting the timing device) has been foundsatisfactory in the recording o
48、f t3.9.5 If the specimen drips molten or flaming material duringeither flame application, tilt the burner to an angle up to 45towards the wide side of the specimen (see Fig. 3), andwithdraw the burner slightly from one of the sides of thespecimens during the flame application to avoid dripping intot
49、he tube of the burner. If the specimen drips molten or flamingmaterial, or is consumed during the test, hand-hold the burnerand maintain the proper distance between the bottom of thespecimen and the top of the burner tube during the flameapplication. Disregard any molten strings of material forpurposes of positioning the top of the burner tube. Alwaysapply the flame to the bottom of the major portion of thespecimen.FIG. 1 Vertical Burning Test for V-0, V-1, and V-2 ClassificationFIG. 2 Approaching the Specimen from the Wide Side in aHori
