1、Designation: D3802 10D3802 16Standard Test Method forBall-Pan Hardness of Activated Carbon1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3802; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the ball-pan hardness number of granular activated carbons. For thepurpose of this test
3、, granular activated carbons are those having particles 90 % of which are larger than 80 mesh (180 m) asdetermined by Test Method D2862.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.Noother units of measurement are included
4、 in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use
5、.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B19 Specification for Cartridge Brass Sheet, Strip, Plate, Bar, and DisksB150/B150M Specification for Aluminum Bronze Rod, Bar, and ShapesD2652 Terminology Relating to Activated CarbonD2854 Test Method for Apparent Density of Activated CarbonD2862 Test Met
6、hod for Particle Size Distribution of Granular Activated CarbonD2867 Test Methods for Moisture in Activated CarbonE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test SievesE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals3. Terminology3.1 GeneralTerms applicable to this standard are defined in
7、Terminology D2652.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 nominal particle size: natural, granular, and irregularly shaped particle carbonsthat particle size range, expressed interms of Specification E11 sieve sizes, whose small end excludes not more than 5 % of the particle size di
8、stribution, and whoselarge end excludes not more than 5 % of the distribution, on a weight basis.3.2.2 nominal particle size: pelleted carbonsthat particle size range, expressed in terms of Specification E11 sieve sizes,whose small end excludes not more than 10 % of the particle size distribution, a
9、nd whose large end excludes not more than 5 %of the distribution, on a weight basis.3.2.3 small end nominal particle sizethat particle size, expressed by its equivalent Specification E11 sieve, which defines theexcluded portion of the particle size distribution at its small particle size end in acco
10、rdance with 3.2.1 or 3.2.2.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Ascreened and weighed sample of the carbon is placed in a special hardness pan with a number of stainless steel balls, thensubjected to a combined rotating and tapping action for 30 min. At the end of this period, the amount of particle size de
11、gradation1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 on Activated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.04 on Gas PhaseEvaluation Tests.Current edition approved April 1, 2010June 1, 2016. Published May 2010July 2016. Originally approved in 1979. Last prev
12、ious edition approved in 20052010 asD3802 79D3802 10. (2005). DOI: 10.1520/D3802-10.10.1520/D3802-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Do
13、cument Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM
14、 recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1is deter
15、mined by measuring the quantity of carbon, by weight, which is retained on a sieve whose openings are closest to one halfthe openings of the sieve that defines the minimum nominal particle size of the original sample.5. Significance and Use5.1 Several methods have been employed in the past for deter
16、mining the resistance of activated carbons to particle sizedegradation under service conditions, including the ball-pan method, the stirring bar method, and the dust elutriation method. Noneof these has proved completely satisfactory for all applications, and all have been questioned by ASTM Committ
17、ee D28 onActivated Carbon as tests for establishing degradation resistance. However, the ball-pan method has been used widely in the pastand has a broad history in the activated carbon industry for measuring the property loosely described as “hardness.” In this contextthe test is useful in establish
18、ing a measurable characteristic of a carbon. Conceding the fact that the test does not actually measurein-service resistance to degradation, it can be used to establish the comparability of lots ostensibly of the same grade of carbon.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Mechanical Sieve Shaker, designed to
19、 produce from 140 to 160 taps and from 280 to 320 rotating motions per minute ina stack of standard Specification E11 sieves.3 Adjust the sieve shaker to accommodate the desired number of sieves, receiver pan,and sieve cover. Adjust the bottom stops to give a clearance of approximately 1.6 mm betwee
20、n the bottom plate and the sievesso that the sieves will be free to rotate. Fit the cover plate with a cork stopper which extends from 3.2 to 9.5 mm above the metalrecess.6.2 Wire Cloth Sieves, in accordance with Specification E11; six required, at least four of which bracket the expected nominalpar
21、ticle size distribution of the sample, and one of which, designated the hardness test sieve, has an opening as close as possibleto one half the opening of the sieve that defines the smaller nominal particle size of the original sample. Table 1 lists the hardnesstest sieve corresponding to each minim
22、um nominal sieve.6.3 Bottom Receiver Pan and Top Sieve Cover (see 6.1).6.4 Hardness Test Pan, having the dimensions of that in Fig. 1.6.5 Adjustable Interval Timer, with a precision of at least 65 s, duration at least 600 s (10 min).6.6 Sample Splitter, single-stage riffle type, in accordance with 3
23、0.5.2 of Practice E300.6.7 Balance, with sensitivity and accuracy of at least 0.1 g.6.8 Soft Brass-Wire Brush. 46.9 Steel Balls, fifteen 12.7 6 0.1 mm (12.7 6 0.1 mm 12 in.) in diameter and fifteen 9.5 6 0.1 mm (38 in.) in diameter.7. Sampling7.1 Guidance in sampling granular activated carbon is giv
24、en in Practice E300.3 The sole source of supply of the apparatus (the Tyler Ro-Tap Sieve Shaker, Model RX-29) known to the committee at this time is W.S. Tyler, Inc., Gastonia, NC. If youare aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comm
25、ents will receive careful consideration at a meeting ofthe responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.4 The sole source of supply of the apparatus (W.S. Tyler Model 1778-SB) known to the committee at this time is W.S. Tyler, Inc., Gastonia, NC. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, p
26、lease provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1 which you may attend.TABLE 1 Hardness Test Sieve (HTS) Corresponding to Specification E11 Sieves Defining Small-End Nominal Particl
27、e Size (SNPS)SNPS HTS SNPS HTSOpening, mm E11 Mesh Opening, m E11 Mesh Opening, m E11 Mesh Opening, m E11 Mesh5.6 312 2800 7 850 20 425 404.75 4 2360 8 710 25 355 454.00 5 2000 10 600 30 300 503.35 6 1700 12 500 35 250 602.80 7 1400 14 425 40 212 702.36 8 1180 16 355 45 180 802.00 10 1000 18 300 50
28、150 1001.70 12 850 20 250 60 125 1201.40 14 710 25 212 70 106 1401.18 16 600 30 180 80 90 1701.00 18 500 35D3802 1628. Calibration8.1 Calibration of balances shall be maintained by standard laboratory methods. Sieves shall be calibrated at reasonableintervals in accordance with the procedure describ
29、ed in Specification E11.9. Procedure9.1 Determine the nominal particle size of the sample in accordance with Test Method D2862, and its moisture content inaccordance with Test Methods D2867.9.2 Obtain an additional representative sample of approximately 125 mL of the carbon in accordance with Practi
30、ce E300.9.3 Screen this sample to its nominal particle size distribution using Test Method D2862. Discard the fractions above the largerand below the smaller nominal particle size. Obtain at least 100 mLof material within the nominal mesh size range. Use additionalmaterial obtained as in 9.2, if nec
31、essary.9.4 Measure out 100 mL of the screened sample into a tared, graduated cylinder in accordance with Test Method D2854, andweigh to the nearest 0.1 g.9.5 Place the hardness pan (Fig. 1) on the standard bottom receiver pan. Pour the screened and weighed sample into the hardnesspan and add the ste
32、el balls.9.6 Complete the sieve stack by stacking five full-height sieves and the sieve cover on top of the hardness pan. The extra sieves,in this case, serve only to form a stack which fills the shaker, thus avoiding changes in tapping action and readjustment of the sievestack retainer.9.7 Place si
33、eve stack in the sieve shaker and shake for 30 6 0.5 min, with tapping hammer operating.9.8 At the end of the shaking period, remove the sieve stack from the sieve shaker and remove the hardness pan from the sievestack. Place the hardness test sieve on top of the receiving pan.9.9 Remove the steel b
34、alls from the hardness pan and transfer sample to the hardness test sieve, brushing adhering particles intothe sieve. Stack the five full-height sieves and sieve cover on top of the hardness test sieve and receiving pan, and replace the stackin the sieve shaker. Shake with the hammer operating for 1
35、0 min 6 10 s.9.10 At the end of the shaking period, remove the sieve stack from the sieve shaker and transfer the remainder of the sampleon the hardness test sieve to a tared weighing pan. Weigh to the nearest 0.1 g.9.11 Sweep the pan catch into a tared weighing dish, and weigh to the nearest 0.1 g.
36、10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the ball-pan hardness number from the equationH 5100 B/A (1)NOTE 1Material is plate, of one of the following alloys: (1) Cartridge brass, UNS C26000, half-hard temper, hardness 60 HRB or greater (seeSpecification B19); or (2) Aluminum bronze, UNS C61400, soft temper, ha
37、rdness 140 HB or greater (see Specification B150/B150M).FIG. 1 Pan for Ball-Pan Hardness TestD3802 163where:H = ball-pan hardness number,B = weight of sample retained on hardness test sieve (see 9.10), g, andA = weight of sample loaded onto hardness pan (see 9.4), g.10.2 As a check on the accuracy o
38、f the test, calculate ball-pan hardness from the pan catch as follows:H25100 12C/A! (2)where:C = pan catch from 9.11, g.If H2 differs from H by more than 2 %, one may assume that significant amounts of carbon are not accounted for, and the runmust be rejected.11. Report11.1 Report the following info
39、rmation:11.1.1 Name of the carbon supplier,11.1.2 Grade designation of the sample,11.1.3 Nominal particle size range and moisture content (as measured in 9.3),11.1.4 Ball-pan hardness number,11.1.5 Name of the agency and technician making the test,11.1.6 Identification number and date of the test, a
40、nd11.1.7 Lot number from which the sample was taken.12. Precision and Bias512.1 The precision of this test method is based on an interlaboratory study conducted in 2007. Each of nine laboratories testedfour different materials. Every “test result” represents an individual determination. All laborato
41、ries submitted three replicate testresults (from one operator) for each material.12.1.1 RepeatabilityTwo test results obtained within one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by more thanthe “r” value for that material; “r” is the interval representing the critical difference bet
42、ween two test results for the same material,obtained by the same operator using the same equipment on the same day in the same laboratory.12.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo test results shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” value for thatmaterial; “R” is the interval representing
43、 the difference between two test results for the same material, obtained by differentoperators using different equipment in different laboratories.12.1.3 Any judgment in accordance with these two statements would have an approximate 95 % probability of being correct.12.2 BiasAt the time of the study
44、, there was no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias for this testmethod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.12.3 The precision statement was determined through statistical examination of 108 results, from nine laboratories, on fourmaterials. These four carbons are
45、described in Table 2.12.4 As noted in the results table, the repeatability and reproducibility are dependent on the carbon type. To judge theequivalency of two test results, it is recommended to choose the carbon closest in characteristics to the test carbon.5 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM
46、 International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D28-1006.TABLE 2 HardnessCarbon Average RepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitx sr sR r RWood45 sieve62.37 4.16 16.76 11.66 46.92Lignite50 sieve80.20 1.96 4.
47、46 5.49 12.48Coconut16 sieve99.36 0.18 0.51 0.51 1.44Bitumi-nous70 sieve98.36 0.37 0.73 1.03 2.04D3802 164ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised tha
48、t determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reappro
49、ved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
