1、Designation: D3950 12aStandard Specification forStrapping, Nonmetallic (and Joining Methods)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3950; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonmetallic strapping andjoini
3、ng methods intended for use in closing, reinforcing, andbundling articles for shipment, unitizing, palletizing, andbracing for car loading and truck loading.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI unit
4、s that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 12, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the r
5、esponsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD3951 Practice for Commercial P
6、ackagingD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for Testing2.2 Other Standards:ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables forInspection by Attributes3ANSI/ASQC Z1.9 Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-spection by Variables for Percent Nonconforming33. Termin
7、ology3.1 For general definitions of packaging and distributionenvironments, see Terminology D996.4. Classification4.1 Types and Grades:Type I Strapping, bonded rayon cord.Grade 1Light duty.Grade 2Regular duty.Grade 3Heavy duty.Type IA Strapping, Bonded, Composite or Woven polyester cord.Grade 1Light
8、 duty.Grade 2Regular duty.Grade 3Heavy duty.Grade 4Extra heavy duty.Grade 5Special duty.Grade 6Special duty.Grade 7Special duty.Type II Strapping, polypropylene plastic.Type III Strapping, nylon plastic.Type IV Strapping, polyester plastic.5. Ordering Information5.1 The inquiry and order shall indic
9、ate the following:5.1.1 Type, grade, and dimensions required (see 4.1 and7.1),5.1.2 Length per coil (see 8.1),5.1.3 Joining method (see 6.2), type and size required (ifneeded),5.1.4 If an embossed finish on strapping is desired orallowed (see Footnote in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3),5.1.5 Make and
10、 model of strapping equipment that thestrapping and joining method must work in, if applicable,5.1.6 Coil dimensions (see 8.1),5.1.7 Level of packaging and packing if other than commer-cial (see Section 15), and5.1.8 ASTM designation and date of issue.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Materials shall
11、be of the quality necessary to meet thephysical requirements within the allowable dimensions.6.1.1 Type IStrapping shall consist of longitudinal rayoncords bonded with a plastic binder so that a nonwoven materialis formed.6.1.1.1 Type IAStrapping shall consist of longitudinalpolyester cords either b
12、onded with a plastic binder to form a1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizingand Unitizing of Loads.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originallyapproved in 1980
13、. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D3950 11. DOI:10.1520/D3950-12A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onth
14、e ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1nonwoven material (Bonded); or encased in a
15、polypropyleneextrusion (Composite); or woven with a weft thread and treatedwith a plastic binder to form a woven material (Woven).6.1.2 Type IIStrapping shall be an extruded, orientedpolypropylene.6.1.3 Type IIIStrapping shall be an extruded, orientednylon.6.1.4 Type IVStrapping shall be an extruded
16、, orientedpolyester.6.2 Joining MethodsIf seals or buckles are to be used,they shall be steel and have a coating of zinc, black iron oxide,or equivalent protection from corrosion, or buckles may bemade of plastic.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Breaking Strength and Elongation (see 12.2):7.1.1 Type I an
17、d Type IA strapping shall conform to thebreaking strengths and elongations prescribed in Table 4 andTable 5.7.1.2 Type II strapping shall conform to the breakingstrengths and elongations prescribed in Table 1.7.1.3 Type III strapping shall conform to the breakingstrengths and elongations prescribed
18、in Table 2.7.1.4 Type IV strapping shall conform to the breakingstrengths and elongations prescribed in Table 3.7.2 Joint Strength (see 12.3).7.2.1 Type I and Type IA Grade 1 and Grade 2 joinedstrapping shall have a strength of not less than 45% of theminimum breaking strength of the strapping grade
19、 and sizelisted in Table 4 and Table 5.7.2.2 Type IA Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6, andGrade 7 joined strapping shall have a strength of not less than55 % of the minimum breaking strength of the strapping gradeand size listed in Table 5. Test data are available to substantiatethis conclusion.7.
20、2.3 Types II, III, and IV joined strapping shall have astrength of not less than 45 % of the minimum breakingstrength corresponding to the dimensions of the strap listed inTable 1, Table 2,orTable 3.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 The minimum length per coil of strapping shall befurnishe
21、d as specified in the following tables according to type,grade, size, and coil width unless specified otherwise in thecontract or purchase order. The coil shall be an oscillating orribbon wind.8.1.1 Type I and Type IA StrappingSee Table 6.8.1.2 Type II StrappingSee Table 7.TABLE 1 Breaking Strengths
22、 of Type II Strapping (PP)Nominal Widthof StrappingNominal Thicknessof StrappingMinimumBreaking Strengthin. (mm) in. (mm)Alb (N)B0.197 (5.0) 0.0120 (0.30) 80 (360)0.197 (5.0) 0.0145 (0.37) 100 (440)0.234 (5.9) 0.0135 (0.34) 130 (580)0.234 (5.9) 0.0140 (0.36) 155 (690)0.236 (6.0) 0.0130 (0.33) 135 (6
23、00)0.234 (5.9) 0.0160 (0.41) 180 (800)0.236 (6.0) 0.0173 (0.44) 190 (850)14 (6.4) 0.0135 (0.34) 134 (600)14 (6.4) 0.0150 (0.38) 180 (800)14 (6.4) 0.0250 (0.64) 200 (890)0.351 (8.9) 0.0130 (0.33) 200 (899)0.354 (9.0) 0.0142 (0.36) 225 (1 000)0.351 (8.9) 0.0160 (0.41) 270 (1 200)0.354 (9.0) 0.0173 (0.
24、44) 270 (1 200)0.354 (9.0) 0.0181 (0.46) 270 (1 200)38 (9.5) 0.0180 (0.46) 250 (1 110)38 (9.5) 0.0150 (0.38) 290 (1 290)38 (9.5) 0.0200 (0.51) 390 (1 730)38 (9.5) 0.0250 (0.64) 400 (1 780)0.413 (10.5) 0.0190 (0.48) 360 (1 600)0.413 (10.5) 0.0201 (0.51) 360 (1 600)0.413 (10.5) 0.0248 (0.63) 460 (2 05
25、0)0.413 (10.5) 0.0295 (0.75) 550 (2 450)0.413 (10.5) 0.0295 (0.75) 540 (2 400)0.413 (10.5) 0.0230 (0.58) 450 (2 000)716 (11.1) 0.0140 (0.36) 300 (1 330)716 (11.1) 0.0190 (0.48) 350 (1 560)716 (11.1) 0.0230 (0.58) 420 (1 870)716 (11.1) 0.0250 (0.64) 450 (2 000)716 (11.1) 0.0300 (0.76) 550 (2 450)0.46
26、8 (11.9) 0.0215 (0.55) 450 (2 000)0.472 (12.0) 0.0169 (0.43) 360 (1 600)0.472 (12.0) 0.0212 (0.54) 460 (2 050)0.472 (12.0) 0.0252 (0.64) 550 (2 450)0.480 (12.2) 0.0190 (0.48) 400 (1.780)12 (12.7) 0.0150 (0.38) 390 (1.750)12 (12.7) 0.0170 (0.43) 350 (1 570)12 (12.7) 0.0220 (0.56) 450 (2 020)12 (12.7)
27、 0.0200 (0.51) 530 (2 360)12 (12.7) 0.0250 (0.64) 660 (2 940)12 (12.7) 0.0260 (0.66) 550 (2 450)12 (12.7) 0.0300 (0.76) 810 (3 600)0.468 (12.0) 0.0255 (0.65) 540 (2 400)0.591 (15.0) 0.0410 (1.04) 1 050 (4 660)58 (15.9) 0.0150 (0.38) 500 (2 200)58 (15.9) 0.0200 (0.51) 680 (3 020)58 (15.9) 0.0300 (0.7
28、6) 950 (4 220)0.728 (18.5) 0.0410 (1.04) 1 300 (5 770)34 (19.1) 0.0200 (0.51) 725 (3 220)114 (31.8) 0.0350 (0.89) 2 200 (9 790)114 (31.8) 0.0500 (1.27) 3 100 (13 790)AWhen specified (see 5.1.4), the strapping as measured by a flat anvil micrometershall have an embossed finish which yields an overall
29、 nominal thickness nogreater than twice the nominal thickness of smooth-surfaced strapping of the samewidth and breaking strength.BRange of elongation at break is from 7 to 35 %.TABLE 2 Breaking Strengths of Type III Strapping (Nylon)Nominal Widthof Strapping,in. (mm)Nominal Thicknessof Strapping, i
30、n. (mm)AMinimum BreakingStrength, lbf (N)B716 (11.1) 0.017 (0.43)0.023 (0.58)0.029 (0.74)420 (1870)560 (2490)700 (3110)12 (12.7) 0.015 (0.38) 420 (1870)0.020 (0.51) 560 (2490)0.025 (0.64) 700 (3110)0.030 (0.76) 900 (4000)AWhen specified (see 5.1.4), the strapping as measured by a flat anvil micromet
31、ershall have an embossed finish which yields an overall nominal thickness nogreater than twice the nominal thickness of smooth-surfaced strapping of the samewidth and breaking strength.BRange of elongation at break is from 12 to 25 %.D3950 12a28.1.3 Type III StrappingSee Table 8.8.1.4 Type IV Strapp
32、ingSee Table 9.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Type I and Type IA strapping shall be straight, clean,have good webbing, and be free of cracks and other defects thatmay affect the serviceability.9.2 Types II, III, and IV strapping shall be straight, clean,and free of kinks, edge curvature,
33、cracks, and other defects thatmay affect the serviceability.9.3 Splices may be made if they do not affect the service-ability of the strapping in strapping equipment and have aTABLE 3 Breaking Strengths of Type IV Strapping (PET)Nominal Widthof StrappingNominal Thicknessof StrappingMinimumBreaking S
34、trengthin. (mm) in. (mm)Alb (N)B0.351 (8.9) 0.0190 (0.48) 390 (1 730)0.354 (9.0) 0.0205 (0.52) 400 (1 780)38 (9.5) 0.0150 (0.38) 310 (1 380)38 (9.5) 0.0200 (0.51) 420 (1 870)0.413 (10.5) 0.0195 (0.50) 430 (1 910)0.413 (10.5) 0.0205 (0.52) 460 (2 050)0.413 (10.5) 0.0220 (0.56) 500 (2 220)0.413 (10.5)
35、 0.0240 (0.61) 560 (2 490)0.413 (10.5) 0.0255 (0.65) 575 (2.550)0.413 (10.5) 0.0265 (0.67) 600 (2 660)716 (11.1) 0.0160 (0.41) 360 (1 600)716 (11.1) 0.0200 (0.51) 460 (2 050)716 (11.1) 0.0220 (0.56) 500 (2 220)716 (11.1) 0.0240 (0.61) 560 (2 490)0.468 (11.9) 0.0168 (0.43) 470 (2 090)0.468 (11.9) 0.0
36、175 (0.44) 470 (2 090)0.468 (11.9) 0.0205 (0.52) 560 (2 490)0.468 (11.9) 0.0275 (0.70) 750 (3 340)0.468 (11.9) 0.0280 (0.71) 750 (3 340)0.472 (12.0) 0.0175 (0.44) 470 (2 090)0.472 (12.0) 0.0205 (0.52) 560 (2 490)0.472 (12.0) 0.0280 (0.71) 750 (3 340)12 (12.7) 0.0150 (0.38) 420 (1 870)12 (12.7) 0.017
37、0 (0.43) 470 (2 090)12 (12.7) 0.0200 (0.51) 560 (2 490)12 (12.7) 0.0250 (0.64) 700 (3 110)12 (12.7) 0.0280 (0.71) 750 (3 340)12 (12.7) 0.0300 (0.76) 850 (3 780)0.615 (15.6) 0.0300 (0.76) 1 000 (4 440)0.615 (15.6) 0.0350 (0.89) 1 100 (4 890)0.615 (15.6) 0.0360 (0.91) 1 150 (5 120)0.615 (15.6) 0.0380
38、(0.97) 1 200 (5 328)0.615C(15.6) 0.0400 (1.02) 1 200 (5 328)0.615 (15.6) 0.0400 (1.02) 1 500 (6 670)0.615C(15.6) 0.0410 (1.04) 1 200 (5 328)0.615 (15.6) 0.0450 (1.14) 1 600 (7 120)58 (15.9) 0.0200 (0.51) 700 (3 110)58 (15.9) 0.0250 (0.64) 870 (3 870)58 (15.9) 0.0300 (0.76) 1 000 (4 450)58C(15.9) 0.0
39、350 (0.89) 1 200 (5 340)58 (15.9) 0.0350 (0.89) 1 300 (5 780)34 (19.1) 0.0400 (1.02) 1 750 (7 780)34 (19.1) 0.0500 (1.27) 2 250 (10 010)34 (19.1) 0.0550 (1.40) 2 400 (10 680)34 (19.1) 0.0600 (1.52) 2 500 (11 120)0.985 (25.0) 0.0400 (1.02) 2 300 (10 210)0.985 (25.0) 0.0500 (1.27) 2 800 (12 460)114 (3
40、2.0) 0.0320 (0.82) 2 250 (10 010)114 (32.0) 0.0400 (1.02) 2 800 (12 460)114 (32.0) 0.0500 (1.27) 3 750 (16 680)AWhen specified (see 5.1.4), the strapping as measured by a flat anvil micrometershall have an embossed finish which yields an overall nominal thickness nogreater than twice the nominal thi
41、ckness of smooth-surfaced strapping of the samewidth and breaking strength.BUltimate Elongation Range: 5 to 20 % (Standard Elongation PET),10 to 25 % (High Elongation PET)CDenotes High Elongation (H.E.) PET strapping.TABLE 4 Breaking Strengths of Type I Bonded Rayon CordStrappingNominal Widthof Stra
42、pping,in. (mm)GradeMinimum BreakingStrength, lbf (N)A14 (6.4) 2 235 (1 045)38 (9.0) 12290 (1 290)350 (1 555)12 (12.7) 12410 (1 820)465 (2 070)58 (16.0) 123525 (2 335)585 (2 600)765 (3 400)34 (19.0) 123640 (2 845)700 (3 110)900 (4 000)114 (32.0) 3 1 575 (7 005)ARange of elongation at break is from 10
43、 to 15 %.TABLE 5 Breaking Strengths of Type IA Bonded or WovenPolyester Cord StrappingNominal Widthof Strapping,in. (mm)GradeMinimum BreakingStrength, lbf (N)A14 (6.4) 23300 (1 335)540 (2 400)38 (9.0) 123300 (1 335)450 (2 000)780 (3 480)12 (12.7) 1 400 (1 780)2 600 (2 670)3 1 050 (4 670)4 1 360 (6 0
44、50)58 (16.0) 1 500 (2 225)2 725 (3 225)3 1 310 (5 830)4 1 650 (7 340)34 (19.0) 2 900 (4 000)3 1 585 (7 060)4 1 830 (8 150)5 2 600 (11 570)1 (25.0) 2 1 200 (5 338)3 2 100 (9 341)4 2 600 (11 570)5 3 500 (15 569)114 (32.0) 2 1 830 (8 150)3 2 105 (9 370)4 3 285 (14 620)5 4 200 (18 680)112 (38.0) 4 4 400
45、 (19 570)5 5 400 (24 030)158 (40.0) 6 7 700 (34 265)7 11 000 (48 950)ARange of elongation at break is from 9 to 15 %.D3950 12a3break strength equal to at least 50% of the strap break strength.No more than one splice per coil will be permitted.10. Sampling Plan10.1 Where it can be demonstrated that a
46、 suppliers qualitycontrol system provides a similar degree of assurance as thatobtained through the use of this specification, the supplier mayuse that system in place of the system described in thisspecification. In case of conflict, provisions set forth inANSI/ASQC Z1.4 shall be used.10.2 Lot Size
47、The lot size shall be expressed in units ofcoils or joining methods, or both, and shall consist of allproducts of one type, grade, and size offered for acceptance atone time.10.3 Unit Sample One coil or one joining method shall beconsidered a unit. A minimum of 10 ft (3.05 m) per coil ofstrapping is
48、 required to perform the tests.10.4 Rate of SamplingThe rate of sampling shall be inaccordance with ANSI/ASQC Z1.9; Table A-2 reduced inspec-tion level shall be used.11. Number of Tests11.1 TestsFor the determination of break strength,elongation, transverse strength, and sealed joint strength, anave
49、rage of three specimens per coil shall be considered acomplete test.11.2 RetestsWhen testing for elongation, if the specimenfails outside of the center third of the gage length or within 1in. of the jaws, a retest shall be made. If the percentage ofelongation or the break strength is less than the specifiedminimum, a retest is permitted. In this retest, three consecutivespecimens must meet the minimum requirements.12. Test Methods12.1 The purpose of these test methods is to determ
