ASTM D4055-2004 Standard Test Method for Pentane Insolubles by Membrane Filtration《薄膜过滤法测定戊烷不溶物的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 4055 04An American National StandardStandard Test Method forPentane Insolubles by Membrane Filtration1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4055; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of pentaneinsolubles for particles exceeding 0.8 m in new and usedlu
3、bricating oils.NOTE 1Pentane insolubles with particle sizes less than 0.8 m may bestudied with appropriate size membrane filters. Particle sizes above orbelow 0.8 m can be studied. The precision of this test method has beendetermined only at 0.8 m.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
4、 as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use
5、. For specificwarning statements, see 7.1, 8.2.1, and Annex A1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petrole
6、um andPetroleum Products3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 pentane insolubles, in used oil analysis, nseparatedmatter resulting when a used oil is dissolved in pentane.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn this method, the separation is ef-fected by filtration through a membrane.3.1.2 used oil, nany oil that has be
7、en in a piece ofequipment (for example, an engine, gearbox, transformer, orturbine) whether operated or not. D 41754. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of new or used lubricating oil is mixed withpentane in a volumetric flask. The oil solution is filteredthrough an 0.8-m membrane filter. The flask,
8、 funnel, and filterare washed with additional pentane to effect a completetransfer of particulates onto the filter. The filter and itsparticulates are dried and weighed to give the pentane in-solubles.5. Significance and Use5.1 Pentane insolubles above 0.8 m in size may lead toincreased wear. This i
9、ncreased wear can lead to prematureequipment failure in critical applications.6. Apparatus6.1 In the development of this test method, it was noted thatvariations, particularly with respect to glassware and filtermedia, can affect the test result significantly.6.2 When the user of this test method us
10、es an alternatemembrane filter, it is incumbent upon them to establish that thealternate filter will give equal results.6.3 Precision data were established using the apparatuslisted and a 0.8 m filter pore size.6.4 Membrane Filter.36.5 Borosilicate Filter Holder.46.6 Borosilicate Filtering Flask.56.
11、7 Forceps6(plain flat tips, not serrated),6.8 Wash Bottle7equipped with 0.8-m membranes.6.9 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing with an accu-racy of 60.1 mg.6.10 Vacuum Source, capable of maintaining a vacuum of255 6 50 mm Hg.6.11 Oven, capable of maintaining 90 6 5C.6.12 Oven Thermometer, ASTM
12、Thermometer 1C.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous e
13、dition approved in 2002 as D 405502.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Millipore AAWP04700, ava
14、ilable from Millipore Corp, Bedford MA, 01273,has been found to be satisfactory; also an equivalent may be used.4Millipore XX1004700, available from Millipore Corp, Bedford MA, 01273,has been found to be satisfactory; also an equivalent may be used.5Millipore XX1004705, available from Millipore Corp
15、, Bedford MA, 01273,has been found to be satisfactory; also an equivalent may be used.6Millipore XX6200006, available from Millipore Corp, Bedford MA, 01273,has been found to be satisfactory; also an equivalent may be used.7Millipore XX6602500, available from Millipore Corp, Bedford MA, 01273,has be
16、en found to be satisfactory; also an equivalent may be used.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.13 Aluminum Foil Weighing Dish, about 60 mm in diam-eter.
17、6.14 Desiccator, with calcium chloride.6.15 Mechanical Paint Shaker, three-dimensional.86.16 Volumetric Flask, 100-mL with ground-glass or TFE-fluorocarbon stopper.6.17 Ionizing Unit9, insert under or next to balance pan.7. Reagent7.1 Pentane, reagent grade or better. (WarningExtremelyflammable. Vap
18、ors can cause flash fire. See A1.1.)8. Procedure8.1 Using either Practice D 4057 (manual sampling) orPractice D 4177 (automatic sampling), obtain a representativesample of the material to be tested.8.1.1 Preparation of Sample and Materials:8.1.2 Warm the oil in the original container, if possible, t
19、o60 6 5C. Shake for a minimum of 30 min on the mechanicalshaker to resuspend the insolubles uniformly.NOTE 2Deviation from this sample preparation will normally result inpoor precision. Correct sample size is particularly important.8.1.3 Weigh1gofarepresentative sample of the oil into a100-mL volume
20、tric flask to the nearest 0.01 g.8.1.3.1 Certain oils may require smaller size samples toprevent plugging the membrane. When the 100 mL of themixture has not passed through the membrane after 2 min,discard the test and repeat with a smaller sample size (610 %)in the order listed:0.80 0.33 0.13 0.050
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