1、Designation: D4058 96 (Reapproved 2011)1Standard Test Method forAttrition and Abrasion of Catalysts and Catalyst Carriers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4058; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUpdated text in 3.1 editorially in August 2011.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the attri-t
3、ion and abrasion resistance of catalysts and catalyst carriers. Itis applicable to tablets, extrudate, spheres, and irregularlyshaped particles larger than about116 in. (1.6 mm) and smallerthan about34 in. (19 mm). The materials used in developingthe method exhibited losses on attrition less than 7
4、%; how-ever, the method should be applicable to materials giving muchhigher attritions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standar
5、d.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced
6、 Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A sample of catalyst
7、or catalyst carrier is rotated for afixed number of revolutions in a cylindrical drum having asingle baffle. Fines produced by attrition and abrasion in thetest are determined by sieving through a standard sieve.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is considered to be a measure of thepropensi
8、ty of a catalyst to produce fines in the course oftransportation, handling, and use. However, there is no abso-lute level of acceptability. The values obtained are significantprincipally in relation to values for other materials (or othersamples of the same material) of comparable size.5. Apparatus5
9、.1 Acylindrical drum with inside dimensions of 10 in. (254mm) diameter and 6 in. (152 mm) long with a single radialbaffle 2 in. (51 mm) high extending the full length of thecylinder. A lid shall be provided and secured to the containerwithAllen-head screws, wing nuts or other suitable means as toens
10、ure that no fines escape during the test. The inside of thedrum should have a surface roughness no greater than about250 in. (6.4 m). (The roughness of cold-rolled steel or asmooth grind on a lathe is satisfactory.) A suitable design isshown in Fig. 1.5.2 Any convenient means of rotation, such as a
11、ball millroller, geared to give the desired rate of rotation of the drum.6. Sampling6.1 Obtain a representative sample of about 110 g of thematerial to be tested by gently splitting or quartering. Anysampling technique requiring extensive agitation or handlingwill cause some attrition and, therefore
12、, compromise the resultsof the test.6.2 Gently sieve the sample on a No. 20 (850-m) ASTMsieve.6.3 Transfer the presieved sample to a widemouthed con-tainer tared to the nearest 0.01 g.6.4 Dry the presieved sample in air for3hat400C. It maybe necessary to modify or eliminate this step when testingmat
13、erials that might be decomposed or drastically altered bythe drying conditions.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 onCatalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.02 on Physical-Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published Augu
14、st 2011. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D405896(2006).DOI: 10.1520/D4058-96R11E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refe
15、r to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 1For example, an activated carbon catalyst may be treated for4 h at 190C in a vacuum oven.6.5 Cool the dried sample for
16、at least 30 min in a desiccatorusing freshly regenerated 4A molecular sieves as the desiccant.The molecular sieves shall be regenerated at 220 to 260C.NOTE 2Multiple samples can be handled simultaneously in 6.4 and6.5. However, they should remain in a desiccator before analyzing.7. Procedure7.1 Clea
17、n the test cylinder and lid of the apparatus using afine-bristle brush.7.2 Weigh about 100 g of the pretreated sample from 6.5 tothe nearest 0.01 g. Record this weight as A.7.3 Transfer the weighed sample into the test cylinder.7.4 Carefully seal the cover and position the test cylinder forrotation.
18、7.5 Rotate the test cylinder 1800 revolutions at a rate of 606 5 rpm.7.6 After the rotation prescribed in 7.5, rotate the testcylinder until the baffle is at the top and tap the test cylinderwith a rubber mallet several times to allow the fines to settle tothe bottom of the test cylinder.7.7 Place a
19、 No. 20 (850-m) ASTM sieve with pan underthe test cylinder and carefully remove the cover.7.8 Pour the test sample onto the sieve. Use a fine-bristlebrush to clean out the test cylinder and its cover.7.9 Sieve the fines into the pan by gently shaking the sieveby hand; avoid excessive agitation (refe
20、r to 6.1).7.10 Dry the fraction on the sieve at the same conditionsused for the original sample (refer to 6.4).7.11 Weigh the dried fraction to the nearest 0.01 g. Recordthis weight as B.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the percent loss on attrition as follows:Loss on attrition, % 5A 2 BA3 100 (1)Example
21、: A = 100.00 g test sampleB = 98.60 g on sieve100.00 98.60!100.003 100 5 1.4 % (2)When the loss on attrition is less than 1.0 %, report it as “lessthan 1 %.”9. Precision and Bias39.1 Test ProgramAn interlaboratory study was conductedin which the named property was measured in two separate testmateri
22、als in nine separate laboratories. Practice E691, modifiedfor non-uniform data sets, was followed for the data reduction.Analysis details are in the research report.9.2 PrecisionPairs of test results obtained by a proceduresimilar to that described in the study are expected to differ inabsolute valu
23、e by less than 2.772S, where 2.772S is the 95%probability interval limit on the difference between two testresults, and S is the appropriate estimate of standard deviation.Definitions and usage are given in Terminology E456 andPractice E177, respectively.95 % Repeatability 95 % ReproducibilityTest R
24、esult Interval (Within Interval (Between(Consensus Laboratory) weight % Laboratories) weight %Mean) weight % (% of mean) (% of mean)6.24 0.31 (4.9) 0.90 (14.5)3.35 0.35 (10.4) 0.91 (27.1)3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Rep
25、ort RR:D32-1003.FIG. 1 Drum for Determining Attrition and Abrasion (Stainless Steel Fabrication)D4058 96 (2011)129.3 BiasThis test method is without known bias, sincethere is no known standard for comparison.10. Keywords10.1 attrition; abrasion; catalyst; finesASTM International takes no position re
26、specting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This
27、 standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Inter
28、national Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown b
29、elow.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4058 96 (2011)13
