1、Designation: D 4977 03Standard Test Method forGranule Adhesion to Mineral Surfaced Roofing by Abrasion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of granuleadhesion to mineral surfaced roofing due to abrasion.1.2 The values state
3、d in SI units are regarded as standard.The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and heal
4、th practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Summary of Test Method2.1 A brush with bristles is used to abrade the granulesurface of the specimen on mineral surfaced roofing. Theadhesion is assessed by weighing the amount of granules thatare displaced and b
5、ecome loose as a result of the abrasion test.3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is used to determine the quality ofadhesion of the granular surfacing to the coating asphalt in asample of mineral surfaced roofing. The results determinecompliance with the applicable specification requirements
6、 orfor comparative analysis. This test method applies to “asmanufactured” material and may not be applicable to materialthat has had weathering exposure.4. Apparatus4.1 Granule Adhesion Test Apparatus2A machine de-signed to cycle a test brush back and forth horizontally acrossa specimen at a rate of
7、 50 cycles for 60 to 70 s. The brushassembly rests on the specimen with a downward mass of 22686 7g(5lb614 oz); the stroke length is 152 6 6mm(6614 in.). A typical machine is shown in Fig. 1.4.2 Abrasion Test Brush3A brush with 22 holes contain-ing bristles made of 0.305-mm (0.012-in.) diameter temp
8、eredsteel wire, 40 wires per hole, set with epoxy. The design of thebrush is shown in Fig. 2.4.3 Balance Minimums, 200 g capacity with 0.01 g sensi-tivity.5. Test Specimens5.1 Cut a minimum of two 50.8 by 229-mm (2 by 9-in.)specimens with the long dimension in the machine direction.For shingles whos
9、e geometry does not allow a continuous 50.8by 229-mm (2 by 9-in.) specimen, two-piece specimens arepermitted. The minimum machine direction dimension of anygiven piece is 101.6 mm (4 6 in.). It is permitted to join thetwo pieces with self-stick tape applied to the nongranulatedsurfaces.1This test me
10、thod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 onPrepared Roofings, Shingles, and Siding Materials.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous editio
11、n approved in 1998 as D 4977 98b.2The 3M Granule Embedding Test Machine and Abrasion Test Brushes,available from 3M, St. Paul, MN, are suitable for this purpose.3Use the brush specified by the test machine manufacturer.FIG. 1 Granule Adhesion Test Apparatus1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
12、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 1The test result shall be discarded if the specimen fails toremain flat or the two pieces become separated during the 50 completeabrasion cycles.5.2 Condition specimens at room temperature 23 6 2C(73.4 6 3.6F) for 30 min be
13、fore testing. In case of dispute,condition specimen for 24 h in a desiccator.6. Preparation of Apparatus6.1 Insert the brush in the holder with the 38.1-mm (112-in.)side parallel to the stroke line.6.2 Before using a new brush, run it a minimum of 150cycles on scrap mineral surfaced roofing to condi
14、tion the brush.6.3 Check the bristle length. Make certain that all bristlesare the same length and that the plane of the bristles ends isparallel to the plane of the specimen. The maximum length is16.5 mm (2132 in.) and minimum length is 14.5 mm (916 in.) asmeasured with a steel rule having a resolu
15、tion of at least 0.5mm (132 in.).6.4 Secure the centered brush in the holder.7. Procedure7.1 Remove any loose granules from the specimen withgentle tapping.7.2 Weigh the specimen to the nearest 0.01 g and record themass.7.3 Clean sample holder and clamp the specimen into thesample holder with the mi
16、neral granule surface side up.(Visually check and make sure the strip is centered.)7.4 Place the brush in contact with the specimen.7.5 Activate the machine so that the specimen is abraded 50complete cycles (50 forward and 50 back strokes) with thebrush travel parallel to the long axis of the specim
17、en.7.6 Remove the specimen from the sample holder, andgently tap to remove loose granules.7.7 Weigh the specimen to the nearest 0.01 g and record themass.8. Calculation8.1 Determine the weight in grams of granules that aredisplaced in the abrasion test as follows:weight of displaced granules 5 A 2 B
18、 (1)where:A = weight of specimen before test, g, andB = weight of specimen after test, g.8.2 Average the specimen results to obtain a value for theweight of granules displaced from the sample during theabrasion test.9. Report9.1 Identify sample and report the average weight of gran-ules displaced fr
19、om the sample, to the nearest 0.1 g.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Repeatability and ReproducibilityFor materialsevaluated in the loss range of 0.22 to 0.51 g, the repeatabilitystandard deviation averaged 0.0556. The 95 % repeatabilityrange was 60.15 g (636 %) around the true average, 0.41 g.The reprodu
20、cibility standard deviation averaged 0.1098. The95 % reproducibility range was 60.31 g (674 %).11. Keywords11.1 abrasion loss; asphalt shingles; granule adhesion; min-eral surfaced roofingFIG. 2 Rub Test BrushD4977032ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights a
21、sserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time
22、 by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will re
23、ceive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM In
24、ternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D4977033
