1、Designation: D5024 07D5024 15Standard Test Method forPlastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Compression1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5024; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the viscoelasticpr
3、operties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins as well as composite systems in the form of cylindrical specimens moldeddirectly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The compression data generated may be used to identify thethermomechanical properties of a plastics material or compositio
4、n using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining the thermomechanical properties (as a function of a numberof viscoelastic variables) for a wide variety of plastic materials using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques as outli
5、ned inPractice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus, loss (viscous) modulus, complex modulus, and tan delta as a function offrequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymericmaterial system.1.3 This test method is v
6、alid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.1.4 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differencesfrom results observed in another study can usually be reconciled, without changing the observed data, by rep
7、orting in full (asdescribed in this test method) the conditions under which the data were obtained.1.5 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absoluteproperty values.1.6 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant
8、and appropriate for use in engineering design.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibi
9、lityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 1There is no similar or equivalent ISO known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for C
10、onditioning Plastics for TestingD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic MaterialsD4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of ProceduresD4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions appl
11、icable to this test method refer to Terminology Standard D4092.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method covers the determination of the compressive modulus of both solid and cellular plastics using dynamicmechanical techniques. A test specimen of cylindrical cross section is tested in dynamic c
12、ompression. The specimen may be1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved March 15, 2007July 1, 2015. Published April 2007July 2015. Originally approved in 19
13、89. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 asD5024 - 01.D5024 - 07. DOI: 10.1520/D5024-07.10.1520/D5024-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the st
14、andards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accura
15、tely, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D
16、rive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1secured using appropriate grip fixtures or simply positioned between two parallel, flat plates or disks. The specimen of knowngeometry is placed in mechanical, linear displacement at fixed frequencies and at either isothermal conditi
17、ons or with a lineartemperature variation. with a linear temperature variation or at variable frequencies at isothermal conditions. The elastic modulior loss moduli, or both, of the polymeric material system are measured in compression.NOTE 2The particular method for measurement of the elastic and l
18、oss moduli and tan delta depends upon the individual instruments operatingprinciples.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions usingvery small amounts of material. The data obtained can be used for qual
19、ity control and/or research and development purposes. Forsome classes of materials, such as thermosets, it can also be used to establish optimum processing conditions.5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive method for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuringthe elastic a
20、nd loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus thesevariables provide graphical representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting resin system),and damping behavior under specified conditions.
21、5.3 This test method can be used to assess:5.3.1 Modulus as a function of temperature,5.3.2 Modulus as a function of frequency,5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orientation,5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping,5.3.5 The effects of substrate types
22、and orientation (fabrication) on elastic modulus, and,5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives which might affect processability or performance.performance,5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcem
23、ents, and5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested.Any testspecimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combin
24、ation thereof, covered in the relevant ASTMmaterials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM materialspecifications, then the default conditions apply.6. Interferences6.1 Since small test specimen geometries are used, it is essentia
25、l that the specimens be representative of the material beingtested.7. Apparatus7.1 The function of the apparatus is to maintain a cylindrical test specimen of a polymeric material system so that the materialacts as the elastic and dissipative element in a mechanically driven linear-displacement syst
26、em. These dynamic mechanicalinstruments generally operate in a forced, constant strain amplitude testing mode at a fixed frequency.7.2 The apparatus shall consist of the following:7.2.1 Fixed MemberA fixed or essentially stationary member carrying one flat plate, disc, or clamp.7.2.2 Movable MemberA
27、 movable member carrying a second flat plate, disc, or clamp.7.2.3 Flat Plate or Parallel Discs and ClampsThe fixtures are used to hold, support, and compress the test specimen betweenthe fixed member and the movable member. These fixtures shall be mechanically aligned, that is, they shall be attach
28、ed to the fixedand movable member, respectively, in such a manner that they will move freely into alignment as soon as any load is applied, sothat the minor axis of the test specimen will coincide with the direction of the applied load through the center line of the fixtureassembly.7.2.3.1 The test
29、specimen shall be held in such a way that slippage relative to the flat plates is prevented as much as possible.7.2.4 Linear Deformation (strain)A device for applying a continuous linear deformation (strain) to the specimen. In theforce-displacement device the deformation (strain) is applied and the
30、n released (See Table I of Practice D4065).7.2.5 DetectorsA device or devices for determining dependent and independent experimental parameters, such as force(stress), deformation (strain), frequency, and temperature. Temperature should be measurable with a precision of d + 1C,frequency to 61 %, str
31、ain to 61 %, and force to 61 %.7.2.6 Temperature Controller and OvenAdevice for controlling the temperature, either by heating (in steps or ramps), cooling(in steps or ramps), maintaining a constant specimen environment or a combination thereof. A temperature controller should besufficiently stable
32、to permit measurement of environmental chamber temperature to within 1C.7.3 Nitrogen, or other inert gas supply, for purging purposes if appropriate.D5024 1528. Test Specimens8.1 The test specimens may be cut from molded shapes, or may be molded to the desired finished dimensions. Typically, thecyli
33、ndrical test specimen is up to 25 mm (1.0 in.) in diameter by 5 mm (0.2 in.) in height (thickness). Cylindrical specimens ofother dimensions can be used but should be clearly identified in the report.9. Calibration9.1 Calibrate the instrument using procedures recommended by the manufacturer.10. Cond
34、itioning10.1 Condition the test specimen at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 %50 6 10 % relative humidity for not less than 40h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618 unless otherwise specified by contract or relevant ASTM materialspecification.11. Procedure11.1 Use an unteste
35、d specimen for each measurement. Measure the diameter and height (thickness) of the specimen to thenearest 0.03 mm (0.001 in.) at the center of the specimen.11.2 Compress the test specimen between the movable and stationary members.11.3 Pre-load the test specimen so that there is a positive force. M
36、onitor the normal force to ensure adequate pre-loading.11.4 Measure to the nearest 0.03 mm (0.001 in.) the jaw separation between the movable and stationary fixtures.11.5 Select the desired frequency (or frequencies) for dynamic linear displacement.11.6 Select the linear displacement amplitude withi
37、n the linear elastic region of the material being tested. If the linear elasticregion is not known, perform a strain sweep at ambient temperature to determine an appropriate amplitude.11.7 Temperature Sweep:11.7.1 Temperature variation should be controlled to 1 to 2C/min for linear increases and 2 t
38、o 5C/min with a minimum of3-min thermal soak time for step increases. This will allow proper characterizing of the measured variables from the glassy region,through the glass-transition region, up to the softening or leathery-rubbery state.11.7.2 The tan delta peak shall coincide with the dramatic c
39、hange in modulus through the glass transition region.12. Calculation12.1 The equations listed in Practice D4065 are used to calculate the following important rheological properties measured inforced, nonresonant dynamic displacement:displacement where:E = storage (elastic) modulus in bending,E = los
40、s (viscous) modulus in bending,E* = complex modulus in bending, andTan = tan delta.12.1.1 Storage (elastic) modulus in compression, E,12.1.2 Loss (viscous) modulus in compression, E”,12.1.3 Complex modulus in compression, E*, and12.1.4 Tan delta, d*.13. Report13.1 Report the following information:13
41、.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested, including type, source, manufacturers code, number, form, principaldimensions, and previous processing, or thermal history, or both.13.1.2 Description and direction of cutting and loading specimen, including pre-load force,13.1.3 Conditioning proc
42、edure,13.1.4 Description of the instrument used for the test,13.1.5 Description of the calibration procedure,13.1.6 Identification of the sample atmosphere by gas composition, purity, and rate used if appropriate,13.1.7 Diameter and height (thickness) of specimen,13.1.8 Jaw-separation distance,13.1.
43、9 Frequency of dynamic displacement,13.1.10 Amplitude of displacement,13.1.11 Thermal gradient gradient; heat rate if appropriate,13.1.12 Number of specimens tested,D5024 15313.1.13 Table of data and results, including moduli and tan delta as a function of temperature, frequency, strain, or time (as
44、appropriate), and13.1.14 A plot of the modulus (moduli) and tan delta as a function of temperature (see Fig. 1), frequency, strain, or time (asappropriate).14. Precision and Bias14.1 One technician in a single laboratory conducted an analysis of the repeatability of the dynamic mechanical compressiv
45、eproperties of a plasticized (flexible) PVC homopolymer compound. The specimen was treated to a thermal gradient of 4C/minusing a dynamic frequency of six radians/s.15. Keywords15.1 compression; dynamic mechanical rheological properties; elastic; linear displacement; loss; storage modulus; tan delta
46、;viscoelastic behaviorSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D5024 - 01D5024 - 07) that may impact the use of this standard. (March 15, 2007)(July 1, 2015)(1) PunctuationRevised Note 1was, 4.1corrected., 10.1, 12.1, and 1
47、3.1.11.(2) Portions were re-worded for clarification.(2) TheAdded 5.3.7Significance, 5.3.8and Use subsection , and 5.45.3.9 was revised. .TABLE 1 Specimen (Elastic Modulus, G, E6 Pa)Temperature A B C D E50C 3238 8512 3303 2847 263375C 2771 1159 2242 2061 1953100C 1805 1560 1578 1635 1544FIG. 1 Dynam
48、ic Mechanical Properties in Compression (At Varying Frequencies)D5024 154ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity o
49、f any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. I
