1、Designation: D5030 04D5030/D5030M 13Standard Test MethodMethods forDensity of Soil and Rock in Place by the Water ReplacementMethod in a Test Pit1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5030;D5030/D5030M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original ado
2、ption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 ThisThese test method coversmethods cover the determination of t
3、he in-place density and unit weight of soil and rock usingwater to fill a lined test pit to determine the volume of the test pit. The use of the word “rock” in thisthese test methodmethodsis used to imply that the material being tested will typically contain particles larger than 3 in. (75 mm).75 mm
4、.1.2 ThisThese test method ismethods are best suited for test pits with a volume between approximately 3 and 100 ft3 (0.080.08and 2.83 m3). In general, the materials tested would have maximum particle sizes over 5 in. (125 mm).This test method125 mm.These test methods may be used for larger sized ex
5、cavations if desirable.1.2.1 This procedure is usually performed using circular metal templates with inside diameters of 3 ft (0.9 m)0.9 m or more.Other shapes or materials may be used providing they meet the requirements of thisthese test methodmethods and the guidelinesgiven in Annex A1 for the mi
6、nimum volume of the test pit.1.2.2 Test Method D4914 may be used as an alternative method. Its use, however, is usually only practical for volumedetermination of test pits between approximately 1 and 6 ft3 (0.030.03 and 0.17 m3).1.2.3 Test Method D1556 or Test Method D2167 is usually used to determi
7、ne the volume of test holes smaller than 1 ft3(0.030.03 m3).1.3 The two procedures are described as follows:1.3.1 Procedure AIn-Place Density and Unit Weight Density of Total Material (Section 1012).1.3.2 Procedure BIn-Place Density and Unit Weight Density of Control Fraction (Section 1113).1.4 Sele
8、ction of Procedure:1.4.1 Procedure A is used when the in-place unit weight density of total material is to be determined. Procedure A can also beused to determine percent compaction or percent relative density when the maximum particle size present in the in-place materialbeing tested does not excee
9、d the maximum particle size allowed in the laboratory compaction test (Test Methods D698, D1557,D4253, D4254, D4564, and D7382). For Test Methods D698 and D1557 only, the unit weight density determined in the laboratorycompaction test may be corrected for larger particle sizes in accordance with, an
10、d subject to the limitations of, Practice D4718.1.4.2 Procedure B is used when percent compaction or percent relative density is to be determined and the in-place materialcontains particles larger than the maximum particle size allowed in the laboratory compaction test or when Practice D4718 is nota
11、pplicable for the laboratory compaction test. Then the material is considered to consist of two fractions, or portions. The materialfrom the in-place unit weight density test is physically divided into a control fraction and an oversize fraction based on a designatedsieve size. The unit weight densi
12、ty of the control fraction is calculated and compared with the unit weight(s) density(ies)established by the laboratory compaction test(s).1.4.2.1 Because of possible lower densities created when there is particle interference (see Practice D4718), the percentcompaction of the control fraction shoul
13、d not be assumed to represent the percent compaction of the total material in the field.1.4.3 Normally, the control fraction is the minus No. 4 4.75-mm sieve size material for cohesive or nonfree-draining materialsand the minus 3-in. 75-mm sieve size material for cohesionless, free-draining material
14、s. While other sizes are used for the controlfraction (38, 34-in.), this test method has-in. 9.5, 19-mm, these test methods have been prepared using only the No. 4 4.75-mmand the 3-in. 75-mm sieve sizes for clarity.1.5 Any material can be tested, provided the material being tested has sufficient coh
15、esion or particle attraction to maintain stablesides during excavation of the test pit and through completion of this test. It should also be firm enough not to deform or sloughdue to the minor pressures exerted in digging the hole and filling with water.1 ThisThese test method ismethods are under t
16、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 onSpecial and Construction Control Tests.Current edition approved March 1, 2004Feb. 1, 2013. Published April 2004March 2013. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1
17、9942004 asD503089(1994)D5030 1 04. DOI: 10.1520/D5030-04.10.1520/D5030_D5030M-13.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequ
18、ately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM I
19、nternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.5.1 A very careful assessment must be made as to whether or not the volume determined is representative of the in-placecondition when this test method is used for clean, relatively uniform-sized parti
20、cles 3 in. (75 mm) and larger. The disturbanceduring excavation, due to lack of cohesion, and the void spaces between particles spanned by the liner may affect the measurementof the volume of the test pit.1.6 ThisThese test method ismethods are generally limited to material in an unsaturated conditi
21、on and is not recommended formaterials that are soft or friable (crumble easily) or in a moisture condition such that water seeps into the excavated hole. Theaccuracy of the test may be affected for materials that deform easily or that may undergo volume change in the excavated holefrom standing or
22、walking near the hole during the test.1.7 UnitsThe values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units presented in brackets are to be regarded separately as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; thereforeeach syste
23、m shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance withthe standard.1.7.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf)represents a unit of force (weight), while th
24、e unit for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculationsare involved.1.7.2 In the engineering profession, it is customary practice to use, interchangeably, units representing both mass and force,unless dynamic calculations (F = Ma) are involved. This implicitly comb
25、ines two separate systems of units, that is, the absolutesystem and the gravimetric system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate systems within a singlestandard. ThisThese test method hasmethods have been written using inch-pound units (gravimetric system) where the po
26、und (lbf)represents a unit of force (weight); however, conversions are given in the SI system.The use of balances or scales recording poundsof mass (lbm), or the recording of density in lbm/ft3 should not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.8 All observed and calculated values shall c
27、onform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026.1.8.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected, recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industrystandard. In addition they are representative of the significant digits that gene
28、rally should be retained. The procedures used do notconsider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the users objectives;it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these consi
29、derations. It isbeyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establ
30、ish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 79.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Ag
31、gregateC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC566 Test Method for Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by DryingD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristi
32、cs of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)D1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by Sand-Cone MethodD1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700kN-m/m3)D2167 Test Method for Density
33、 and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon MethodD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by MassD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design an
34、d ConstructionD4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory TableD4254 Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative DensityD4564 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sleeve MethodD4718
35、 Practice for Correction of Unit Weight and Water Content for Soils Containing Oversize ParticlesD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and ConstructionMaterials TestingD4914 Test Methods for Density and Unit Weight of Soil and Rock
36、in Place by the Sand Replacement Method in a Test PitE1D6026 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersPractice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annua
37、l Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.D5030/D5030M 132D7382 Test Methods for Determination of Maximum Dry Unit Weight and Water Content Range for Effective Compaction ofGranular Soils Using a Vibrating HammerE11 Specification for
38、 Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test SievesF2362 Specification for Temperature Monitoring Equipment3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsExcept as follows in 3.2, all definitions are in accordance with Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 control fractionthe portion of a
39、 soil sample consisting of particles smaller than a designated sieve size.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThis fraction is used to compare in-place unit weights with unit weights densities with densities obtained from standard laboratorytests. The control sieve size depends on the laboratory test used.3.2.2 overs
40、ize particlesthe portion of a soil sample consisting of the particles larger than a designated sieve size.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The ground surface at the test location is prepared and a template (metal ring) is placed and fixed into position. A liner islaid in the template and the volume of t
41、he space between a selected level within the template and the ground surface is determinedby filling the space with water. The mass or the volume of the water required to fill the template to the selected level is determinedand the water and liner removed. Material from within the boundaries of the
42、template is excavated, forming a pit.Aliner is placedin the test pit and template, water is poured into the pit and template up to the selected level; the mass or volume of the water withinthe pit and template and, subsequently, the volume of the hole are determined. The wet density of the in-place
43、material is calculatedfrom the mass of material removed and the measured volume of the test pit. The moisturewater content is determined and the dryunit weight density of the in-place material is calculated.4.2 The unit weight density of a fraction of the material can be determined by subtracting th
44、e mass and volume of any oversizeparticles from the initial values and recalculating the unit weight.density.5. Significance and Use5.1 ThisThese test method ismethods are used to determine the in-place unit weight density of compacted materials inconstruction of earth embankments, road fills, and s
45、tructure backfill. For construction control, it the test methods can be used asthe basis for acceptance of material compacted to a specified unit weight density or to a percentage of a maximum unit weightdensity determined by a standard laboratory test method such as determined from Test Methods D69
46、8 or D1557, subject to thelimitations discussed in 1.4.5.2 ThisThese test methodmethods can be used to determine in-place unit weight density of natural soil deposits, aggregates,soil mixtures, or other similar material.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by these test methods are dependent on
47、the competence of the personnel performing them and the suitabilityof the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objectivetesting/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of these test methods are cautioned that compli
48、ance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results.Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Interferences6.1 Because of possible lower densities created when there is particle interference (see Practice D4718), t
49、he percent compactionof the control fraction should not be assumed to represent the percent compaction of the total material in the field.6.2 A very careful assessment must be made as to whether or not the volume determined is representative of the in-placecondition when this test method is used for clean, relatively uniform-sized particles 3 in. 75 mm and larger. The disturbanceduring excavation, due to lack of cohesion, and the void spaces between particles spanned by the liner may affect the measurementof the volume of the test pit.7.
