1、Designation: D 5077 90 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Terminology Relating toElectrostatic Discharge (ESD) Packaging Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5077; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The terms and definitions in this standard are related toElectrostatic Discharge (ESD) Packaging Materials
3、and ESDProtective Materials.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-ments2.2 EIA Standard:EIA-541 Packaging Material Standards for ESD, SensitiveItems33. Terminologyantistatic agenta chemical compound which, when impreg-nated or formulated i
4、nto or topically applied to a primarymaterial or substrate, gives the primary material antistaticproperties. See antistatic property.antistatic propertythe prevention of triboelectric chargegeneration by effectively minimizing the production of astatic charge when materials are separated from anothe
5、rsurface.DISCUSSIONThe forword of EIA-541 states, “8Antistatic no longerrefers to a resistivity range . 8Antistatic refers to a materials abilityto resist triboelectric charge generation. A materials antistatic propen-sity depends upon the nature of the material itself and the material withwhich it
6、is in contact along with the means of surface separation. Theantistatic property is not a dependent function of material resistivity.Material resistivity is an intrinsic property used to define its degree ofconductivity without regard to other materials.”conductora substance or body that allows a fl
7、ow of electriccurrent to pass continuously along it or through it when asufficient voltage is applied across any two points.dielectric breakdowna threshold effect in a dielectric me-dium where, at some electric field strength across themedium, bound electrons become unbound and travelthrough the med
8、ium as a current. In solid media, the regionof the current path is permanently damaged. The unit ofmeasurement is usually volts per unit of thickness.electrically continuous surfacea surface that is electricallyconductive in that current can be passed at an applied voltagebetween any two points of i
9、ts physical surface.electrical overstress (EOS)overstress which may be due toESD or the operation of items beyond their electricalspecifications.electromagnetic shielda screen or other housing placedaround a device or circuit to reduce the effects on them fromboth electric and magnetic fields.electr
10、ostatic dischargethe transfer of electrostatic chargebetween bodies at different electrostatic potentials.electrostatic discharge (ESD) protectivea property of ma-terials capable of one or more of the following:preventing the generation of static electricity.dissipating electrostatic changes over it
11、s surface or volume.providing shielding from ESD or electrostatic fields.electrostatic discharge sensitive (ESDS)a property of itemsin which they are inherently sensitive (ESDS) susceptible toeither catastrophic failure or latent damage when exposed tosources of ESD. Items are often categorized as t
12、o their levelsof sensitivity but in all cases require some means of ESDprotective packaging and handling.electrostatic shielda barrier or enclosure that prevents thepenetration of an electrostatic field.DISCUSSIONAn electrostatic shield may not offer much protectionagainst the effects of an electrom
13、agnetic field. Electromagnetic shields,however, are good electrostatic shields.grounda metallic connection with the earth to establish zeropotential.DISCUSSIONThe ground is the voltage reference point in a circuit.There may or may not be an actual connection to earth, but it isunderstood that a poin
14、t in the circuit said to be at ground potential couldbe connected to earth without disturbing the operation of the circuit inany way. Grounds that can be used for static control work stations1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibilit
15、y of Subcommittee D10.13 on InteriorPackaging.Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 5077 90(2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at s
16、erviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Electronic Industries Association, 2001 Eye St., N.W.,Washington, DC 20006.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
17、Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.include metal water pipes, any power ground, or any large metalstructural member of a building, vessel hull, etc. (See grounding.)groundingconnecting to ground or to a conductor that isgrounded.insulator (electric)a device having high electrical resistancea
18、nd used for supporting or separating conductors to preventundesired flow of current from them to other objects. (Alsoknown as electrical insulator.)ionizationthe process by which neutral atoms or molecules,such as air, acquire a positive or negative charge.packagingSee Terminology D 996.DISCUSSIONTh
19、e term packaging as used in this context should notbe confused with the term as it is used in the electronics industry whereit describes the assembly, black box enclosure, or physical encasing ofmicroelectronic devices.surface resistivity, rsthe surface resistivity of a material isthe ratio of the p
20、otential gradient parallel to the current alongits surface to the current per unit width of the surface.DISCUSSIONSurface resistivity of a material is numerically equal tothe surface resistance between two electrodes forming opposite sides ofa square. The size of the square is immaterial.volume resi
21、stivity, rvthe volume resistivity of a material isthe ratio of the potential gradient parallel to the current in thematerial to the current density.DISCUSSIONIn the metric system, volume resistivity of an electricalinsulating material in ohm-cm is numerically equal to the volumeresistance in ohms be
22、tween opposite faces of a 1-cm cube of thematerial. (Volume resistivity inV m has a value of1100 of the value inV cm.)ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly
23、 advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, ei
24、ther reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may atten
25、d. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5077 90 (2009)2
