1、Designation: D5107 03 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Practice forPreparatory Surface Cleaning of Architectural Sandstone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers non-abrasive surface cleaning ofarchitectural sandstone to remove grease, dirt, loose materia
3、l,and surface deposits such as soot, fly ash, hydrocarbonresidues, and algae and other biological growth in preparationfor the application of water repellent coatings. Proceduresinclude broom cleaning, vacuum cleaning, air blast cleaning,water cleaning (and detergent water cleaning), and chemicalcle
4、aning.1.2 LimitationsThis practice is intended to clean architec-tural sandstone without damaging it or altering the surfaceprofile. These procedures are not intended for interior stone-work. Where work on surfaces of artistic, architectural,cultural, or historic significance is being considered, gu
5、idancefrom specialists should be sought.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of th
6、e user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 4.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension StoneD4262 Test Method
7、 for pH of Chemically Cleaned or EtchedConcrete SurfacesD4263 Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete bythe Plastic Sheet MethodD4285 Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Com-pressed Air3. Significance and Use3.1 Surface cleaning is necessary to prepare architecturalsandstone surfaces
8、for application of coatings intended forwater repellent protection. Surface cleaning of the sandstonesubstrate helps to ensure proper adhesion of the coating.3.2 Use of procedures described in this practice may not beadequate where protective systems will be used for continuousor intermittent immers
9、ion or mechanical loading.4. Hazards4.1 Moisture in the architectural sandstone may be detri-mental to coating adhesion or (in some cases) cure. Moisturecontent shall be in compliance with coating manufacturersrecommendation. See also Test Method D4263.4.2 Localized staining (for example efflorescen
10、ce and me-tallic staining) and previously applied coatings or preservativetreatments not compatible with the treatment may requireremoval by other surface preparation methods.4.3 Water cleaning, detergent water cleaning, and chemicalcleaning should not be performed at temperatures below 40F.4.4 Many
11、 chemical cleaning products contain acids andshould be handled according to manufacturers recommenda-tions. Use and disposal of materials should conform to estab-lished federal, state, local, and project requirements.4.5 If pressure washing equipment is employed for watercleaning or for flushing the
12、 surface with detergent watercleaning or chemical cleaning, the minimum effective pressureshould be used. Avoid excessive pressures that could damagethe sandstone substrate.5. Procedure5.1 Air blast, water, scrubbing, sweeping, or vacuuming areacceptable cleaning methods. Chemical cleaning agents ma
13、ybe used to remove surface deposits such as soot, fly ash, andhydrocarbon residues not removed by any of the abovemethods. Chemical cleaning should be preceded and followedby a thorough fresh water rinse.5.2 Existing conditions of the substrate will determine theselection of appropriate procedure(s)
14、. Prior to the initiation ofcleaning, small test areas should be cleaned in inconspicuousareas by the selected procedure to determine effectiveness.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibilit
15、y ofSubcommittee D01.47 on Concrete, Stone and Masonry Treatments.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5107 03 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/D5107-03R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.ast
16、m.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.3 The si
17、x types of cleaning procedures are describedbelow. One or more of the procedures may be required toremove contaminants from the sandstone surface:5.3.1 Broom CleaningRemoves most loosely adherentsolid contaminants.5.3.1.1 Working from top to bottom, sweep the surface witha clean industrial stiff-bri
18、stled broom or similar device. Re-move sweepings from the immediate work area.5.3.1.2 Clean broom-cleaned surfaces again, using one ormore of the surface preparation procedures specified in 5.3.2through 5.3.6.5.3.2 Vacuum CleaningRemoves surface dust and otherdebris.5.3.2.1 Vacuum the surface with a
19、 heavy-duty type indus-trial vacuum to provide an essentially dust-free surface.5.3.3 Air Blast CleaningRemoves debris, dust, dirt,loosely adherent architectural sandstone, and laitance fromsurfaces to provide an essentially sound, dust-free surface.5.3.3.1 Clean surface with a compressed-air stream
20、 througha blasting nozzle held at an oblique angle approximately 0.6 m(2 ft) from the surface. Air stream pressure should not exceed689 kPa (100 psi).5.3.3.2 Before initiating air-blast cleaning, verify that the airstream is free of oil in accordance with Test Method D4285.5.3.3.3 Surface cleanlines
21、s requires carrying off airbornedust before it is redeposited. Vacuum cleaning may be requiredto remove redeposited dust.5.3.4 Water CleaningRemoves dust, dirt, and water-soluble surface contaminants.5.3.4.1 Clean the surface with a stream of clean potablewater, aimed at an oblique angle approximate
22、ly 0.6 m (2 ft)from the surface, having sufficient pressure to remove dust,dirt, and loose material without damaging the substrate. Whennecessary, hand scrub with a nonmetallic stiff-bristled fiberbrush.5.3.4.2 Prior to water cleaning, make provisions for theremoval of wash water and contaminants ge
23、nerated.5.3.4.3 If necessary, test the cleaned surface for moisturecontent in accordance with Test Method D4263 prior toapplying coatings.5.3.5 Detergent Water CleaningRemoves water-solublesurface contaminants and oils, grease, and other emulsifiablematerials on the surface.5.3.5.1 Scrape off heavy
24、deposits of grease or oil and prewetthe surface with potable water. Clean the surface with anonmetallic stiff-bristled fiber brush, using an aqueous solutionof detergent or nonsolvent emulsifier. Immediately aftertreatment, before the surface dries, remove residues of thecleaning agent by thoroughly
25、 flushing the surface with cleanpotable water. Repeat flushing until the pH of the surface watermeets the acceptance criteria of Test Method D4262.5.3.5.2 Repeat 5.3.5.1 until water does not bead on thesurface.5.3.5.3 Prior to detergent water washing, make provisionsfor the removal of wash water and
26、 contaminants generated.5.3.5.4 If necessary, test the cleaned surface for moisturecontent in accordance with Test Method D4263.5.3.6 Chemical CleaningThis procedure is similar to de-tergent water washing, but involves the use of proprietarychemical cleaning compounds (generally hydrofluoric andphos
27、phoric acids) for the removal of surface deposits such assoot, fly ash, and hydrocarbon residues.NOTE 1In some cases, removal of heavy soiling may require use ofalkaline pretreatment prior to acidic cleaning.5.3.6.1 Chemical cleaning using acidic products is generallynot recommended for calcareous s
28、andstones. (See TerminologyC119.)5.3.6.2 Protect all adjacent materials and surrounding areasas recommended by the manufacturer of the proprietarychemical cleaning compound.5.3.6.3 Prior to chemical cleaning, provide for applicationto small test area to determine effectiveness. Make provisionsfor th
29、e removal of water and contaminants generated duringfull-scale cleaning operations.5.3.6.4 Before applying the chemical cleaning compound,prewet the surface thoroughly with potable water to preventabsorption of the cleaning solution within the pores of themasonry.5.3.6.5 Apply a dilute solution of a
30、 proprietary cleaningcompound to the pre-wet surface as recommended by themanufacturer. Leave the cleaning solution on the surface for aprescribed dwell period (usually less than 5 min).5.3.6.6 Immediately following the dwell period, and beforethe surface dries, flush thoroughly to wash chemical cle
31、aningcompounds from the surface, then rinse thoroughly frombottom to top. (Rinsing from bottom to top helps to avoidsurface streaking.) Repeat flushing may be necessary to re-move cleaning residues.5.3.6.7 EvaluationVisually examine the prepared surfaceto evaluate removal of debris, dust, dirt, oil,
32、 grease, looselyadherent sandstone building stone, and other contaminants.Test the surfaces cleaned with proprietary chemical cleaningcompounds for pH in accordance with Test Method D4262 andif necessary test for moisture content in accordance with TestMethod D4263 prior to applying coatings.5.4 Sur
33、face cleaning is intended to provide a clean,contamination-free surface without damaging or removingarchitectural sandstone from intact, sound surfaces. Acceptablesurfaces shall be free of oil, grease, loosely adhering sandstone,and other contamination such as dirt, soot, fly ash, andhydrocarbon res
34、idues.6. Keywords6.1 cleaning; sandstone; surface preparationD5107 03 (2013)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validi
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37、t received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple cop
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