1、Designation: D5141 11Standard Test Method forDetermining Filtering Efficiency and Flow Rate of theFiltration Component of a Sediment Retention Device1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5141; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to determine the filteringefficiency and the flow rate
3、of the filtration component of asediment retention device, such as a silt fence, silt barrier, orinlet protector.1.1.1 The results are shown as a percentage for filteringefficiency and cubic metres per square metre per minute(m3/m2/min) or gallons per square foot per minute (gal/ft2/min)for flow rat
4、e.1.1.2 The filtering efficiency indicates the percent of sedi-ment removed from sediment-laden water.1.1.3 The flow rate is the average rate of passage of thesediment-laden water through the filtration component of asediment retention device.1.2 This test method requires several specialized pieces
5、ofequipment, such as an integrated water sampler and an ana-lytical balance, or a vacuum filtration system. At the clientsdiscretion the test soil is either a site-specific soil or a soil thatis representative of a target default gradation.1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard, while th
6、einch-pound units are provided for information. The valuesexpressed in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system must be used independently of the other,without combining values in any way.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associat
7、ed with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD653 Terminology Relatin
8、g to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for TestingD4759 Practice for Determining the Specification Confor-mance of Geosynthetics2.2 American Public Health Association (APHA) Standard:208D Total Nonfiltrable Residue Dried at
9、 103105C (TotalSuspended Matter)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 filtration componenta geotextile or other materialdesigned to act as a filter.3.1.2 filterSee Terminology D653.3.1.3 geosynthetic, na planar product manufactured frompolymeric material used with foundation soil, rock, earth, orany
10、other geotechnical engineering related material as anintegral part of a man-made project, structure, or system. (SeePractice D4759.)3.1.4 performance property, na result obtained by con-ducting a performance test.3.1.5 performance test, nin geosynthetics, a laboratoryprocedure which simulates select
11、ed field conditions which canbe used in design.3.1.6 For definitions of other terms relating to geosynthet-ics, refer to Terminology D4439. For definitions of textileterms, refer to Terminology D123. For definitions of soil terms,refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This St
12、andard:3.2.1 filtering effciency, FE, nin geosynthetics, the per-cent of sediment removed from sediment-laden water by thefiltration component of a sediment retention device over aspecified period of time.3.2.2 flow rate, FR L3L2T1, nin geosynthetics, thevolume of fluid per unit time, expressed as a
13、n average, whichpasses through a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to thefluid flow.3.2.3 flume, nan apparatus that carries a liquid to anoutlet.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 Geosyn-thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Permeability
14、andFiltration.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5141 09. DOI:10.1520/D5141-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
15、For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Public Health Association (APHA), 1015 EighteenthSt. NW, Washington, DC 20036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoho
16、cken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.4 sediment retention device (SRD), nin geosynthetics,a temporary composite structure used to induce the removal ofsuspended sediments from sediment-laden flowing water.3.2.5 silt fence, nin geosynthetics, a type of sedimentretention device.4. Summary of Test Me
17、thod4.1 A filtration component of a sediment retention devicespecimen is placed vertically across a flume or over a horizon-tal opening at the end of a flume while sediment-laden water ispassed through the specimen.4.1.1 The time that water flows through the filtration com-ponent of a sediment reten
18、tion device and the amount of soilpassed by the filtration component of a sediment retentiondevice are measured. The amount of soil retained, filteringefficiency, and flow rate are calculated from these measuredvalues.4.2 Either a site-specific soil or a soil representative of atarget default gradat
19、ion, at the clients discretion should beused in this test method.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to determine the filteringefficiency and flow rate of the filtration component of asediment retention device, such as a silt fence, a silt barrier, ora silt curtain, for specific soil
20、 tested.5.2 This test method may be used for the design of thefiltration component of a sediment retention device to meetrequirements of regulatory agencies in filtering efficiency orflow rate for the specific soil tested.5.2.1 The designer can use this test method to determine thespacing between se
21、diment retention devices.5.3 This test method is intended for performance evaluation,as the results will depend on the specific soil evaluated. Unlesstesting with the default soil is desired, it is recommended thatthe user or representative perform the test to pre-approveproducts, as sediment retent
22、ion device manufacturers are nottypically equipped to handle or test soil requirements.5.4 This test method provides a means of evaluating thefiltration component of sediment retention devices with differ-ent soils under various conditions that simulate the conditionsthat exist in a sediment retenti
23、on device installation. This testmethod may be used to simulate several storm events on thesame sediment retention device specimen. Therefore, thenumber of times this test is repeated per specimen is dependentupon the user and the site conditions.6. Apparatus6.1 Flume, constructed from marine-grade
24、plywood, plexi-glas, aluminum, or other material. The flume should bewatertight and constructed as shown in Fig. 1.NOTE 1Metal flumes should be mounted on a wood frame. The flumeopening is the standard length of a straw bale. With a standard lengthflume of 122 cm (48 in.), the height of the back of
25、the flume would beelevated 10 cm (378 in.).6.2 Inlet Extension, constructed from marine-grade ply-wood, plexiglass, aluminum, or other material. The inletextension should be watertight and constructed as shown inFig. 2.NOTE 2Metal inlet extensions should be mounted on a wood frame.The inlet extensio
26、n opening should be appropriate for the type of SRDbeing tested.6.3 Sample Cutter, appropriate to prepare test specimens.6.4 Integrated Water Sampler,4a 500-mL (0.13-gal) deviceused to collect integrated samples of water.6.5 Two Containers, 75-L (20-gal), plastic or nonmetallic.6.6 Stopwatch.6.7 Sti
27、rrer, such as a stirring rod on a portable electric drill.6.8 Sediment-Free Water, containing no flocculent agents.NOTE 3Flocculent agents used in water treatment may cause errone-ous results by affecting the settling rate of soil particles in the water.6.9 Soil, either site-specific or representati
28、ve of a targetdefault gradation.6.10 Gooch Crucible.6.11 Membrane Filter Apparatus.6.12 Vacuum Pump.6.13 Planchet, aluminum or stainless steel.6.14 Desiccator.6.15 Analytical Balance, sensitivity of 0.01 g.7. Sampling7.1 SRD Filtration Component:7.1.1 Lot SampleDivide the product into lots and take
29、thelot sample as directed in Practice D4354.7.1.2 Laboratory SampleCut off sufficient length of thefiltration component of the sediment retention device to get theappropriate number of test specimens. If holes or damagedareas are evident, then damaged material should be discardedand additional mater
30、ial sampled.7.1.3 Test SpecimensCut the appropriate number of speci-mens to be tested from the machine direction of the laboratorysample by a random method. Each test specimen should be cut(1 m long by 0.3 m wide (3.3 ft long by 12 in. wide) to fit theflume or as necessary to fit the inlet opening.N
31、OTE 4No specimen should be taken within 0.2 m (6 in.) of aselvage.7.2 SoilIf desired, obtain representative samples of thesite-specific soil that is significant to the design of the sedimentretention device on the construction project. The size and typeof sample required is dependent upon the number
32、 of tests to beperformed and the percent of coarse particles in the sample. Iftesting is not site-specific, obtain a soil sample representativeof the following target default gradation and having a PlasticityIndex (PI) # 15:Percent Passing Sieve Size (opening size, mm)100 No. 10 (2.0 mm)80100 No. 40
33、 (0.420 mm)7090 No. 100 (0.149 mm)5070 No. 200 (0.075 mm)8. Procedure8.1 Place the filtration component sample tautly across theflume opening or tightly fitted to the inlet opening and fasten4The US DH-48 integrated water sampler has been found to be satisfactory. It isavailable commercially.D5141 1
34、12securely in place to ensure that the test specimen has nowrinkles or loose sections and there is no seepage around thespecimen.8.2 Elevate the back of the flume to an 8 % slope. (See Fig.1.)8.3 Pre-wet the filtration component sample by running onetest with 50 L (13.3 gal) of sediment-free water.
35、Record thetemperature of the water.8.4 Mix 0.15 kg (0.33 lb) of air-dried site-specific soil in 50L (13.3 gal) of untreated water placed in a 75-L (20-gal)container. These soil particles are smaller than 2 mm, theopening size of a No. 10 sieve. Thoroughly agitate the solutionwith a stirrer for 1 min
36、 to obtain a uniform mix.8.5 While continuing to mix the solution, release thesediment-laden water at the upper end of the flume. Release ofthe solution should take less than 10 s. Start the timer atrelease.8.6 Rinse the mixing container with no more than 2 L (0.5gal) of additional water and release
37、 into the flume.8.7 Time the flow of water through the filtration componentsample until no water remains behind or above the sample or25 min has elapsed. If 25 min have elapsed and water remainsbehind or above the sample, then measure the distance from thesample to the edge of the water behind the s
38、ample (if testedvertically) or the depth of water above the sample (if testedhorizontally).8.8 Collect all filtrate caught by the gutter in a secondcontainer, until no water remains behind the sample or 25 minhas elapsed.8.9 At the completion of the test, agitate the collected filtratewith a stirrer
39、 until the mixture is uniformly mixed. After 1 minof mixing, obtain a depth-integrated suspended-solids samplefrom the mixture while continuing the agitation. Alternatively,the entire collected filtrate may be vacuum filtered.NOTE 5With the sampler specified in 6.4, a rate of sampling thatrequires 3
40、0 s to reach the bottom of the container and 30 s to return to thesurface is ideal. This sampling procedure allows collection of a sampleover the full depth of the mixture or the entire collected mixture may beused.8.10 Place a glass fiber filter disk either on a membranefilter apparatus or in the b
41、ottom of a suitable Gooch crucible.Apply a vacuum and wash the disk with three successiveNOTE 1Sides and bottom of flume can be constructed of 2-cm thick marine grade plywood.FIG. 1 Flume (For Vertical SRDs)D5141 11320-mL portions of distilled water. Continue suction to removeall traces of water fro
42、m the disk.8.11 Carefully remove the filter disk from the membranefilter apparatus and transfer to an aluminum or stainless steelplanchet. If a Gooch crucible is used, remove the crucible andfilter disk combination.8.12 Dry the filter disk for at least1hinanoven at 103 to105C.8.13 Store in a desicca
43、tor until cooled to room temperature.8.14 Weigh the filter disk to an accuracy of 0.01 g.8.15 Place the filter disk in the membrane filter apparatusand return it or the Gooch crucible to the vacuuming andfiltering apparatus.8.16 Under the vacuum, filter the sample of water collectedin 8.9.8.17 Repea
44、t 8.11-8.14.9. Calculation9.1 If using a depth-integrated suspended-solids sample,calculate suspended solids, as follows:SS5A 2 B! 3 1000C(1)where:SS= suspended solids, ppm,A = weight of filter plus residue, andB = weight of filter, andC = sample, mL.9.2 If using a depth-integrated suspended-solids
45、sample,calculate the percent filtering efficiency (FE) for the filtrationcomponent of the sediment retention device specimen, asfollows:FE52890 2 Ss28903 100 (2)where:SS= suspended solids after filtration, ppm, (Eq 1), and2890 = sediment placed behind the filtration component ofthe sediment retentio
46、n device, ppm.9.3 If using the entire collected filtrate, calculate the percentfiltering efficiency (FE) for the filtration component of thesediment retention device specimen, as follows:FIG. 2 Inlet Extension (For Horizontal SRDs)FIG. 3 The Ratio of Viscosity of Water at Temp, T,totheViscosity of W
47、ater at 20CD5141 114FE5 A B!/150! x 100 (3)where:A = weight of filter plus residue (g), andB = weight of filter (g), and150 = Initial sediment load, g.9.4 For vertical sediment retention devices, calculate theflow rate (FT) of the filtration component of the sedimentretention device specimen using E
48、q 4 (complete drainage) orEq 5 (25 min elapsed time):FTm3/m2/min! 5 1.212856/t (4)orFTm3/m2/min! 50.05 0.033784xf2!0.041231 1 0.033892xf!/ t (5)where:T = temperature of the water,t = time measured in 8.7, min, andxf= distance from the filtration component sample to theedge of the water behind the fi
49、ltration componentsample in m (see 8.7).9.4.1 Correct the flow rate to 20C using Eq 6:F20C5FTUTU20C(6)where:UTU20C= ratio of viscosity of water at temperature T toviscosity of water at 20C (see Fig. 3).9.5 For horizontal sediment retention devices, calculate theflow rate (FT) of the sediment retention device specimen usingEq 7 (complete drainage) or Eq 8 (25 min elapsed time):FTm3/ m2/min 5 0.05 / A! / t (7)orFTm3/ m2/min 5 0.05 2 0.000723y! / t (8)where:T = temperature of the water,A = Area of horizontal opening, m2t = time
