1、Designation: D5159 04 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Guide forDusting Attrition of Granular Activated Carbon1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide presents a procedure for evaluating theresistance to dusting attrition of granular activated carbons. Forthe purpos
3、e of this guide, the dust attrition coefficient, DA, isdefined as the weight (or calculated volume) of dust per unittime, collected on a preweighed filter, in a given vibratingdevice during a designated time per unit weight of carbon. Theinitial dust content of the sample may also be determined.Gran
4、ular activated carbon is defined as a minimum of 90 %being larger than 80 mesh (0.18 mm) (see Test MethodsD2867).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This guide does not purport to address all of th
5、e safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2854 Test Method for Apparent Den
6、sity of ActivatedCarbonD2867 Test Methods for Moisture in Activated CarbonE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals3. Summary of Guide3.1 A known volume of known weight of the granularactivated carbon is placed in a sample holder
7、and vibrated atconstant acceleration (g) for a known time. The dust is carriedby an air stream passing through the vibrating sample and isthen collected on a preweighed filter. The quantities of dustcollected in six 10-min intervals are determined by weighingson an analytical balance.4. Significance
8、 and Use4.1 Three forces can mechanically degrade a granular acti-vated carbon: impact, crushing, and attrition. Of these three,attrition, or abrasion, is the most common cause of dustformation in actual service. Published test procedures todetermine the 9hardness9 of activated carbons produce resul
9、tsthat in general cannot be correlated with field experience. Forexample, the ball-pan hardness test applies all three forces tothe sample in a variable manner determined by the size, shape,and density of the particles. The 9stirring bar9 abrasion testmeasures attrition so long as the particle size
10、is smaller than 12mesh. There is some evidence, however, that the results of thistest method are influenced by particle geometry. The procedureset forth in this guide measures the effect of friction forcesbetween vibrating or slowly moving particles during the testand may be only slightly dependent
11、on particle size, shape anddensity effects.5. Apparatus5.1 Vibrating Table3, capable of providing an RMS (rootmean square) acceleration of 40 m/s/s (4 g).5.2 Test Cell, such as shown in Fig. 1, preferably made ofaluminum or other electrically conductive material.5.3 Piezoelectric Accelerometer4, cap
12、able of measuring anRMS acceleration chosen by the user.Avalue of 40 m/s/s (4 g)is suitable when using the apparatus in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.5.4 Signal Conditioner5, to interface the accelerometer withan AC millivolt meter, capable of producing a linear outputvoltage from 0 to 1 V-ac, proportional to t
13、he acceleration.5.5 Voltmeter6, 0 to 1 V-ac.5.6 Ammeter, ac, 0 to 1000 mA accurate to 1 mA.5.7 Variable Transformer,0to120V.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 onActivated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.04 on GasPhase Evaluation Tests.Curren
14、t edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Last previousversion approved in 2004 as D515904. DOI: 10.1520/D5159-04R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume info
15、rmation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3A Buffalo Dental Manufacturing Co., (Underhill Blvd., Syosset, NY 11791)vibrator, Model No. 1, rated 40 W at 115 V, 60 Hz, and a Syntron Model J-1Avibrating jogger, rated 30 W at 115 V, 60 Hz, have been found suitable for this
16、purpose.4An Endevco accelerometer, Model No. 2251, has been found suitable for thispurpose.5An Endevco Model 4416 signal conditioner, battery operated, has been foundsuitable for this purpose.6AKeithley 179 digital multimeter, available from Keithley Instruments,AuroraRd., Cleveland, OH 44139, has b
17、een found suitable for this purpose.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.8 Timer Control, 0 to 120 min.NOTE 1234 in. (69.9 mm) inside diameter by 3 in. (76.2 mm) outside diameter by116 in. (1.6 mm) thick.NOTE 2 Specifica
18、tion E11 wire cloth, 250 m, stainless wire, 3 in. (76.2 mm) diameter.NOTE 337 % open area, fabricated from 24 gage stainless steel with 0.45 in. (11.4 mm) diameter holes on 0.066 in. (1.68 mm) centers, square grid3 in. (76.2 mm) diameter.FIG. 1 Dust Attrition Cell (full scale)NOTE 1An Endevco accele
19、rator, Model 2250A, has been found satisfactory for this purpose.FIG. 2 Apparatus AssemblyD5159 04 (2009)25.9 Rubber Isolation Pad, a 45 durometer neoprene rubberpad has been found satisfactory.5.10 Flowmeter, with flow control valve capable of control-ling air flow at the flow rate chosen by the us
20、er of this guide.A flow of about 7 L/min is suitable when using the apparatusof Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.5.11 Particulate Filter, sized to interface with test cell,capable of capturing carbon fines. Several commercial glassfiber filters have been found satisfactory. Also effective are theparticulate filter
21、s sold for respiratory protection against paintspray or other particulate hazards.5.12 Graduated Cylinder, 100 mL capacity.5.13 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 0.1 mg.6. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units6.1 Guidance in sampling granular activated carbon is givenin Practice E300 (se
22、e also 8.1).7. Preparation of Apparatus7.1 Assemble a test cell similar to that shown in Fig. 1 andFig. 2.7.2 Mount the accelerometer at the center of the cover plate.7.3 Place the vibrator test assembly on the vibration isola-tion pad so that the cover plate of the test cell is level.7.4 Connect th
23、e accelerometer lead to the signal condi-tioner, then connect the output of the signal conditioner to themicrovolt meter (see Fig. 3).7.5 Connect the accelerometer lead to the signal condi-tioner, then connect the output of the signal conditioner to themicrovolt meter (see Fig. 3).7.6 Connect the vi
24、brator to the variable transformer andconnect the transformer to a timer control with the milliam-meter in series (see Fig. 3).7.7 Connect the air outlet of the attrition test cell to theflowmeter, and connect the flowmeter to a vacuum source (seeFig. 3).8. Procedure8.1 Measure a known volume (about
25、 100 mL) of the sampleinto a tared, graduated cylinder using the method and apparatusdescribed in Test Method D2854 and weigh to the nearest 0.1g. If the average nominal particle size of the sample is less than12 mesh, a 50 mL sample may be preferred.NOTE 1A Model No. 1 vibrator available from Buffa
26、lo Dental Mfg., Underhill Blvd., Syosset, NY 11791, has been found suitable for this purpose.FIG. 3 Test Cell Components Requiring Fabrication (34 in.=1in.scale)D5159 04 (2009)38.1.1 Reproducibility in duplicate or quadruplicate determi-nations may be improved by taking two or four times thevolume o
27、f the given sample and making one subdivision bycareful coning and quartering.8.1.2 A second convenient procedure is to use a miniaturesample divider and divide the sample once or twice as desired.Mount Micro splitter7for mineral sampling on a vibrating tableto ensure an equal division of all partic
28、les, especially the fines.8.2 Calculate the apparent density of the sample using TestMethod D2854.8.3 Quantitatively transfer the sample into the sampleholder section of the test cell.8.4 Weigh the particulate filter to 0.1 mg.8.5 IInsert the weighed particulate filter into the apparatus.8.6 Assembl
29、e the test cell assembly and secure it to thevibrator table.8.7 Set the timer control to 10 minutes. Note - 10 minutes isused only as an example to illustrate the procedure forcalculating DA in Section 9. The user of this guide may selectanother time interval.8.8 Start the air flowing, then adjust t
30、o draw the desiredvolumetric flow of air through the sample.8.9 Increase the voltage to the vibrator from 9zero9 toproduce the RMS acceleration chosen by the user. An accel-eration value of about 40 m/s/s, (4 g) is often used.8.10 Vibrate the sample for 10 min or other period (see 8.7).8.11 Carefull
31、y remove and weigh the particulate filter to 0.1mg.8.12 Insert a second weighed particulate filter.8.13 Before returning the sample holder, place a flat piece ofglass over the top and hold firmly in place while slowlyinverting the sample several times in order to re-distributeparticles that may have
32、 become bed-locked or segregatedduring vibration.8.14 Repeat 8.4 through 8.13 for a total of six 10-minvibration intervals.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the total dust collected during the followingdesignated time intervals:Interval,minWeight,mgIntegratedTime, minIntegratedWeight, mg010 w110 w11020 w2
33、10 w22030 w320 w2+ w33040 w430 w2+ w3+ w44050 w540 w2+ w3+ w4+ w55060 w650 w2+ w3+ w4+ w5+ w69.2 Using the integrated time intervals as x-coordinate andthe corresponding total dust as y-coordinate, and excluding thefirst 10 min interval, calculate a least square linear regressionon the five pairs of
34、 Xi, Yi; where: i =2,3,4,5,6.9.3 The slope is the dust attrition, DA, in mg/min; calculatethe correlation coefficient.9.4 The regression coefficient, R2, should be at least 0.95. Ifthis is not the case, the test should be repeated.9.5 Calculate the initial dust content, DU = w110DA.9.6 Calculate the
35、 dust attrition coefficient by volume, DA(V) from the following equation:DA V! 5 DA W!/apparent density, L/min (1)where:apparent density is expressed as mg/L.10. Keywords10.1 activated carbon; attrition; dusting; granularASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent righ
36、ts asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any
37、time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments wil
38、l receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by AST
39、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).7Available from SEPOR, Inc. P.O. Box 578, Wilmington, CA 90748.D5159 04 (2009)4
