1、Nanomanufacturing Key control characteristics P a r t 4 - 2 : N a n o - e n a b l e d e l e c t r i c a l e n e r g y s t o r a g e P h y s i c a l c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f c a t h o d e n a n o m a t e r i a l s , d e n s i t y m e a s u r e m e n t PD IEC/TS 62607-4-2:2016 BSI Standards
2、 Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of IEC/TS 62607-4- 2:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee NTI/1, Nanotechnologies. A list of organizations represented
3、 on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 8
4、9475 6 ICS 07.120 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2016. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHE
5、D DOCUMENT PD IEC/TS 62607-4-2:2016 IEC TS 62607-4-2 Edition 1.0 2016-10 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Nanomanufacturing Key control characteristics Part 4-2: Nano-enabled electrical energy storage Physical characterization of cathode nanomaterials, density measurement INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMI
6、SSION ICS 07.120 ISBN 978-2-8322-3697-0 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside PD IEC/TS 62607-4-2:2016 2 IEC TS 62607-4-2:2016 IEC 2016 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTI
7、ON . 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms . 7 3.1 Terms and definitions 7 3.2 Abbreviated terms . 8 4 Sample preparation methods . 8 4.1 Sieving . 8 4.2 Drying . 8 5 Test methods . 8 5.1 Compacted density . 8 5.1.1 General . 8 5.1.2 Apparatus 9 5.1.3 Measu
8、rement steps . 9 5.1.4 Data analysis / interpretation of results 9 5.1.5 Precision of the method . 10 5.2 Rolling density 10 5.2.1 General . 10 5.2.2 Apparatus 11 5.2.3 Measurement steps . 11 5.2.4 Data analysis / interpretation of results 11 5.2.5 Repeatability of the method . 12 6 Uncertainty 12 A
9、nnex A (informative) Case study 13 A.1 Sample preparation . 13 A.1.1 Schematic figures of die for measuring compacted density and rolling density . 13 A.1.2 Compacted density measurement results for LFP nanomaterial . 15 A.2 Rolling density sample preparation case study 17 A.2.1 Procedures of rollin
10、g density sample preparation . 17 A.2.2 Rolling density measurement results for LFP nanomaterial 18 Bibliography 20 Figure 1 Appearance of die for compacted density measurement . 10 Figure 2 Appearance of die with compressor 10 Figure A.1 Three-dimensional schematic of die for compacted density meas
11、urement . 13 Figure A.2 Engineering schematic of die for compacted density measurement . 14 Figure A.3 Schematic of rolling machine for rolling density measurement. 15 Figure A.4 Results consistency of sample A in Table A.1 . 16 Figure A.5 Results consistency of sample B in Table A.2 . 17 Figure A.6
12、 Procedures of rolling density sample preparation 18 Figure A.7 Results consistency of sample C in Table A.3 . 19 PD IEC/TS 62607-4-2:2016IEC TS 62607-4-2:2016 IEC 2016 3 Table A.1 Measurement method consistency and measurement results of sample A 15 Table A.2 Measurement method consistency and meas
13、urement results of sample B 16 Table A.3 Measurement method consistency and measurement results of sample C 19 PD IEC/TS 62607-4-2:2016 4 IEC TS 62607-4-2:2016 IEC 2016 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ NANOMANUFACTURING KEY CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS Part 4-2: Nano-enabled electrical energy
14、storage Physical characterization of cathode nanomaterials, density measurement FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promo
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25、 prepare International Standards. In exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Specification when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts, or the subject is still under techni
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27、TS 62607-4-2, which is a Technical Specification, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 113: Nanotechnology for electrotechnical products and systems. PD IEC/TS 62607-4-2:2016IEC TS 62607-4-2:2016 IEC 2016 5 The text of this Technical Specification is based on the following documents: Enquiry
28、 draft Report on voting 113/289/DTS 113/328/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this Technical Specification can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts
29、in the IEC 62607 series, published under the general title Nanomanufacturing Key control characteristics, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under “http:/webstore.ie
30、c.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be transformed into an International Standard, reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour insi
31、de logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. PD IEC/TS 62607-4-2:2016 6 IEC TS 62607-4-2:2016 IEC 2016 INTRODUCTION
32、Compared with normal bulk materials, nanomaterials often exhibit many unique properties, such as mechanical, thermal, magnetic, optical and electrochemical properties. Decreasing particle size of the cathode materials, e.g. lithium iron phosphate (LFP), down to nanoscale greatly enhances their elect
33、rochemical performance. For example, smaller particle size will shorten the diffusion length of lithium ion during lithium intercalation/de-intercalation process. Higher surface area will increase the electrode/electrolyte contact area, and subsequently improve the high current charge/discharge rate
34、s. Furthermore, the particle surfaces may introduce a sub-gap, which can smooth the electrode discharge curve, then help to prolong the cycling life of the electrode. Density is one of the key control characteristics for cathode nanomaterials and affects the performance of electronic energy storage
35、devices significantly. At an appropriate density, the electrochemical performance, such as low-temperature and high-temperature charge/discharge, and the ratio of charge/discharge capability, will be dramatically increased. Among different densities, changing the compacted density of cathode nanomat
36、erials to a suitable value can increase their charge capacity, decrease the internal resistance, lower the polarization effect, increase cycling life of electrical energy storage devices, and improve the usability of electrical energy storage devices. It is important to find the optimum compacted de
37、nsity for the electronic energy storage device design. If the compacted density is too large or too small, the intercalation and de-intercalation of ions will be affected. In general, compacted density is in a positive correlation to the devices specific capacity, and is considered as one of the key
38、 parameters for material energy density. Rolling density affects the electrochemical performance characteristics of cathode nanomaterials in a similar way. Rolling density indicates the ratio of the mass of coating slurry compound to its volume. Rolling density is a valuable quantity not only for ev
39、aluating the volumetric energy density, but also for selecting a cathode nanomaterial candidate for Hybrid- Electric Vehicles (also known as HEVs) and Electric Vehicles (also known as EVs). Both of these two types of properties need to be considered in the density assessment of a nano-enabled electr
40、ical energy storage device. Comparable results will be used to judge the consistence of cathode nanomaterials, which relates to performance and safety issues. Therefore, a standardized density measurement procedure for cathode nanomaterials becomes indispensable to its users for comparing the values
41、 of nanomaterials from different suppliers. This standardized method is intended for use in comparing the characteristics of cathode nanomaterials in the study stage, not for evaluating the electrode in end-products. The method is applicable to materials exhibiting function or performance only possi
42、ble with nanotechnology, intentionally added to the active materials to measurably and significantly change the characteristics of electrical energy storage devices. PD IEC/TS 62607-4-2:2016IEC TS 62607-4-2:2016 IEC 2016 7 NANOMANUFACTURING KEY CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS Part 4-2: Nano-enabled electric
43、al energy storage Physical characterization of cathode nanomaterials, density measurement 1 Scope This part of IEC 62607, which is a Technical Specification, provides a standardized method for the determination of the density of cathode nanomaterials in powder form used for electrical energy storage
44、 devices. This method provides users with a key control characteristic to decide whether or not a cathode nanomaterial is usable, or suitable for their application. This document includes definitions of terminology used in this document, recommendations for sample preparation, outlines of the experi
45、mental procedures used to measure cathode nanomaterial properties, methods of interpretation of results and discussion of data analysis, case studies, and references. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitute
46、s requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/TS 80004-1, Nanotechnologies Vocabulary Part 1: Core terms 3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
47、3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 80004-1 and the following apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO
48、Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp 3.1.1 cathode nanomaterial material used as a cathode in a nano-enabled energy storage device which contains a fraction of nanomaterial and exhibits function or performance made possible only with the application of nanotechnology PD IEC/T
49、S 62607-4-2:2016 8 IEC TS 62607-4-2:2016 IEC 2016 Note 1 to entry: The cathode is a multilayered foil consisting of (1) an aluminium current collector, (2) an optional adhesion promoting carbon layer (to enhance cathode layer adhesion if necessary) and (3) the cathode layer. This cathode layer consists of the active phase (e.g. lithium containing mixed oxides or phosphate, such as LFP), a conducting phase (carbon black) and an organic binder
