1、Designation: D 5226 98 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Practice forDissolving Polymer Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice outlines the parameters applicable to thepreparation of a polymeric solution, such as solvent, concen-tration, temperature,
3、 pressure, time, agitation, and heatingmode.1.2 The proper use of this practice requires a knowledge ofsolvents and their effect on polymeric materials.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of thi
4、s standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1There is no equivalent ISO standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms
5、 Relating toPlastics2.2 Other Document:Polymer Handbook33. Terminology3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology D 883.3.2 Abbreviations are in accordance with TerminologyD 1600.4. Summary of Practice4.1 A polymer solution can be described or prepared usingthe cell classifications listing th
6、e parameters relative to solvatethe polymer. The cell classifications are listed in the followingorder: polymer, solvent, concentration, temperature, time, con-tainer, heating mode, and agitation.4.1.1 A polymer and a list of suggested solvents for makinga solution are listed in Annex A1.4.1.2 Table
7、 1 designates the parameters for container, heat-ing mode, and type of agitation.NOTE 2To illustrate the use of the cell classifications with Table 1, a2 % solution of poly(vinyl chloride) using cyclohexanone would bewritten as:PVC2cyclohexanone2202662402BECwhere:PVC = the abbreviation of the polyme
8、r from Annex A1,cyclohexanone = the solvent from Annex A1,20 = the weight of polymer in tenths of a percent,66 = the temperature in degrees Celsius,40 = the time in tenths of an hour,B = glass container from Table 1,E = bath heater from Table 1, andC = random agitation from Table 1.5. Significance a
9、nd Use5.1 This practice embodies the specifications to describe thepreparation of a polymeric solution.6. Procedure6.1 PolymerSelect the applicable polymer from AnnexA1 and write its abbreviation.6.2 SolventSelect the solvent applicable to the polymerfrom Annex A1.6.3 ConcentrationWrite the polymer
10、gram weight intenths of a percent per milliliter of solvent.6.4 TemperatureWrite the solution temperature in degreesCelsius.6.5 TimeWrite the time for solution in tenths of an hour.6.6 ContainerSelect the type of container from Table 1.6.7 Heating ModeSelect the heating mode from Table 1.6.8 Agitati
11、onSelect the agitation mode from Table 1.7. Precision and Bias7.1 No statement is made about the precision or bias of thispractice since the procedure is descriptive with no measure-ments being made.8. Keywords8.1 polymer solutions; solution preparation; solutions;solvents1This practice is under the
12、 jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.Current edition approved November 1, 2003. Published December 2003.Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 5226 -98.2For referenced ASTM stand
13、ards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.1*A Summary of Changes section appear
14、s at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. SUGGESTED SOLVENTS FOR POLYMERIC SOLUTIONSA1.1 Note the following:A1.1.1 The solvents are listed in random order.A1.1.2 An i
15、ncrease in polymer molecular weight reducessolubility.A1.1.3 Branching increases the solubility compared to alinear polymer of the same molecular weight.A1.1.4 Solubility normally increases with rising tempera-ture.A1.1.5 The temperature is for room temperature unlessnoted.A1.1.6 The following abbre
16、viations are used:D.S. degree of substitutionS.C. substituent contentconc. concentratedA1.2 Solvents:A1.1.7 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate (ABA)aromatichydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran, es-ters, ketones, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyl-acetamide (if high acrylonitrile).A
17、1.1.8 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide (if high acryloni-trile), cyclohexanone (above 35C), cyclohexanone/acetone,methylcyclohexane/acetone, decahydronaphthalene/dimethyloxalate, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, lower chlori-nated hydrocarbons
18、, phenol/acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dimeth-yltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, diisopropylketone, glycol formal, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl-,ethyl-, n-butyl phthalate, 1-nitropropane, carbon disulfide,tributyl phosphate, phosphorus trichloride.A1.1.9 Alkydestetrahydrofuran.A1.1
19、.10 Arylonitrile/methyl methacrylate (AMMA)benzene, toluene, xylene, methylene chloride, chloroform,ethylene chloride, chlorobenzene, isobutanol (hot), cyclohex-anol (hot), B-ethoxyethanol, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone,diisopropyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetic acid, isobutyric acid,methyl formate, e
20、thyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, isobutylpropionate, butyl lactate.A1.1.11 Allyl diglycol carbonate (ADC)benzene, chloro-form, acetone.A1.1.12 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC):A1.1.12.1 S.C. = 5 to 10 %alkali.A1.1.12.2 S.C.=15to30%water (sodium salt).A1.1.12.3 S.C. = highbenzene/alcohol, benzene/aceto
21、ne,chloroform, pyridine, acetone, esters, tetrahydrofuran.A1.1.13 Cellulose Acetate (CA):A1.1.13.1 D.S. = 0.6 to 0.8water.A1.1.13.2 D.S. = 1.3 to 1.72-methoxyethanol.A1.1.13.3 D.S. = 2.0 to 2.3methylene chloride/methanol 80:20, chloroform/methanol, benzyl alcohol, phenols, eth-ylene glycol ethers, d
22、ioxane, diethanolamine, pyridine, analine,acetone, cyclohexanone, formic acid, acetic acid (glacial),methyl acetate, ethyl acetate/nitrobenzene, glycol monoethylether acetate, nitromethane, tetrahydrofuran.A1.1.14 Cellulose acetate-butyrate (CAB):A1.1.14.1 D.S. (acetate) = 0.8 and D.S. (butyrate) =
23、2.35benzene, toluene (hot), chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, tetra-chloroethane, methanol (hot), acetone, cyclo-hexanone, diox-ane, aliphatic esters, nitroethane.A1.1.14.2 D.S. (acetate) = 2.1 and D.S. (butyrate) = 0.7chloroform, dichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, dioxane, ac-etone, cyclohexanone,
24、methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, nitroet-hane.A1.1.15 Cellulose acetate propionate (CAP)benzene,dichloromethane, chlorobenzene, acetone, ethyl acetate.A1.1.16 Cellulose nitrate (CN):A1.1.16.1 N = 6.8 %water.A1.1.16.2 N = 10.5 to 12 %alcohol (lower), alcohol/diethyl ether, acetone, amyl acetate, ethyle
25、ne glycol ethers,acetic acid (glacial).A1.1.16.3 N = 12.7 %halogenated hydrocarbons,ethanol/diethyl ether, acetone, methyl amyl acetone, cyclo-hexanone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyllactate, ethylene glycol ether acetates, ethylene carbonate,furan derivatives, nitrobenzene.A1.
26、1.17 Cellulose propionate (CP)benzene, dichloro-ethane, chlorobenzene, acetone, ethyl acetate.A1.1.18 Cellulose triacetate (CTA)methylene chloride,methylene chloride/ethanol 80:20, chloroform, chloroform/alcohol, trichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetone,acetone/water 80:20, methyl acetate,
27、 ethylene glycol etheracetates, ethylene carbonate.TABLE 1 ParametersDesignation Container Heater Mode Agitation ModeA unspecified unspecified unspecifiedB glass none noneC sealed glass vial oven randomD metal hot plate magnetic stirrerE fluoropolymer bath propeller bladeF block heater wrist actionG
28、 electric mantle ultrasonicH microwaveD 5226 98 (2003)2A1.1.19 Diene-modified ethylene-propylene (EPDM)1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, toluene 75C, 1,2,4-trichloro-benzene 135C.A1.1.20 Epoxy, epoxide (EP)tetrahydrofuran.A1.1.21 Ethyl cellulose (EC):A1.1.21.1 D.S. = 0.5 to 0.7aqueous alkali.A1.1.21.2 D.S. =
29、1.0 to 1.5pyridene, formic acid, water(cold), cuoxam.A1.1.21.3 D.S. = 2methylene chloride, chloroform,dichloroethylene, chlorohydrins, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran.A1.1.21.4 D.S. = 2.3benzene, toluene, alkyl halogenids,alcohols, furan derivatives, ketones, acetic esters, carbondisulfide, nitromethane.A1
30、.1.21.5 D.S. = 3.0benzene, toluene, methylene chlo-ride, alcohols, esters.A1.1.22 Ethylene/ethyl acrylate (EEA)aromatic hydrocar-bons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran, esters, ke-tones.A1.1.23 Ethylene/methacrylic acid (EMA)water, aqueoushydrogen chloride (0.002 M above 30C), dilute aqueou
31、ssodium hydroxide.A1.1.24 Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE)perfluorokerosene (350C).A1.1.25 Ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA)benzene, toluene,chloroform, carbon tetrachloride/ethanol, dichloroethylene/ethanol 20:80, chlorobenzene, methanol, ethanol/water,n-butanol/water, allyl alcohol, 2,4-di
32、methyl-3-pentanol, benzylalcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, dimeth-yltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, glycol ethers, glycol ether esters,acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetic acid, lower aliphatic acids,vinyl acetate, acetals, acetonitrile, nitromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl su
33、lfoxide, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 135C (if high ethylene content).A1.1.26 Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCP)50:50 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene/phenol 175C, pentafluorophenol.A1.1.27 Melamine-formaldehyde (MF):A1.1.27.1 Very low molecular weightalcohol, water.A1.1.27.2 Intermediatespyridine, formalin, formic acid
34、s,dilute and concentrated acids.A1.1.27.3 High molecular weightm-cresol 100C,N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone 85 to 100C.A1.1.28 Phenol-formaldehyde (PF):A1.1.28.1 Novalks and low molecular weighthydrocarbons, diethyl ether, acetone, esters, 4-tert-butylphenoland 4-p
35、henylphenol polymers, drying oils, tetrahydrofuran,methanol.A1.1.28.2 Final resinsmolten phenols (with some decom-position).A1.1.28.3 Fully cured resins.A1.1.29 Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA):A1.1.29.1 Atacticmethanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, me-thyoxyethanol, dioxane, formamide, N,N-dimethyl-formamide,
36、 water, dilute alkali solution.A1.1.29.2 Isotacticdioxane/water 80:20.A1.1.30 Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)o-, m-, p-phenylene di-amine, N-formylhexamethyleneimine, N-nitrosopiperidine,maleic anhydride, chloromaleic anhydride, succinic anhydride,acetic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, g-butyrolactone, dio
37、x-anone, p-dioxanedione, ethylene oxalate, ethylene carbonate,propylene carbonate, 2-oxazolidone, 1-methyl-2-pyridone, 1,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone, E-caprolactam, N,N-dimethyl-formamide, dimethylthioformamide, N-methyl-B-cyanoethylformamide, cyanoaceticacid, a-cyano-acetamide,N-methylacetamide, N,N-d
38、iethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylmethoxyacetamide, N,N-dimethyl-a,a,a-trifluoroacetamide, N,N-dimethylpropionate,N,N,N8,N8-tetramethyloxamide, hydroxyacetonitrile, chloro-acetonitrile/water, B-hydroxypropionitrile, malonitrile, fuma-ronitrile, succinonitrile, adiponitrile, bis(2-cyano
39、ethyl)ether,bis(2-cyanoethyl)sulfide, bis(4-cyanobutyl)sulfone, 1,3,3,5-tetracyanopentane, nitromethane/water (94:6), 1,1,1-trichloro-3-nitro-2-propane, tri(2-cyanoethyl)nitromethane, 3-,4-nitrophenol, methylene dithiocyanate, trimethylenedithiocyanate, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethylene sulfoxide,d
40、imethyl sulfone, ethyl methyl sulfone, 2-hydroxyethyl methylsulfone, ethylene-1,2-bis-(ethyl sulfone), dimethyl phosphite,diethyl phosphite, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, p-phenol sulfonicacid, conc. aqueous lithium chloride, conc. aqueous zincchloride, conc. aqueous aluminum perchlorate, conc. aqueou
41、ssodium thiocyanate, conc. aqueous calcium thiocyanate, mol-ten quaternary ammonium salts and their aqueous solutions.A1.1.31 Polyamide (nylon) (PA):A1.1.31.1 6m-cresol, chlorophenol, formic acid, aceticacid, trichloroacetic acid, ethylene carbonate, sulfuric acid,phosphoric acid, hexamethyltrisphos
42、phoramide, hexafluor-oisopropanol.A1.1.31.2 6:6 (at room temperature)trifluoroethanol,trichloroethanol, phenol, cresols, chloral hydrate, formic acid,halogenated acetic acids, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen cyanide/methanol, liquid sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid,saturated solution of al
43、cohol-soluble salts, for example, cal-cium chloride, magnesium chloride, in methanol, hexafluor-oisopropanol.A1.1.31.3 6:6 (at temperatures of 120 to 140C)benzylalcohol, ethylene chlorohydrin, 1,3-chloropropanol, 2-butene-1,4-diol, diethylene glycol, acetic acid, formamide,N-acetylmorpholine, dimeth
44、yl sulfoxide.A1.1.31.4 6:10chlorobenzene, hexafluoroisopropanol,dimethyl succinate (79C).A1.1.31.5 11:higher primary alcohols, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, hexafluoroisopro-panol.A1.1.32 Polyamide + Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PA/PET)pentafluorophenol.A1.1.33 Poly(butadiene)tetrahydr
45、ofuran, toluene, chloro-form.A1.1.34 Polybutadiene-acrylonitrile (PBAN)benzene, ha-logenated hydrocarbons, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatichydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran,higher ketones, higher aliphatic esters, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide (if high acry
46、loni-trile content).D 5226 98 (2003)3A1.1.35 Polybutadiene-styrene (PBS)benzene, haloge-nated hydrocarbons, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatichydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran,higher ketones, higher aliphatic esters.A1.1.36 Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)m-cresol 100C, h
47、exafluoroisopropanol.A1.1.37 Polybutene-1 (PB)see polyethylene.A1.1.38 Polycarbonate (PC)benzene, chloroform, ac-etone, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride.A1.1.39 Polychloroprene (neoprene)tetrahydrofuran,toluene.A1.1.40 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)50:50 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene/phenol 135C.A1.1.41 Po
48、lyeth(erimide) (PEI)N-methyl pyrrolidone,N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide 85C.A1.1.42 Poly(ether sulfone) (PES)tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide.A1.1.43 Polyethylene (PE):A1.1.43.1 High density (HDPE) (at temperatures above80C)aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and aromatic hydrocarbons,hal
49、ogenated aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and aromatic hydrocar-bons, higher aliphatic esters and ketones, di-n-amyl ether.A1.1.43.2 Low density (LDPE)(LLDPE)as above, buttemperatures 20 to 30C lower depending on the degree ofbranching.A1.1.44 Polyethylene, chlorinated, 40 % Cl (CPE) (at el-evated temperature)tetrahydronapthalene, toluene, xylene,tetrachloroethane, chlorobenzene, cyclohexanone.A1.1.45 Polyethylene, chlorinated, 60 % Cl (CPE)tetrahydronapthalene, benzene, toluene,
