1、Designation: D5313/D5313M 12 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control UnderWetting and Drying Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5313/D5313M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of origin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating thedurability
3、of rock for erosion control when exposed to wettingand drying conditions on slabs of rock. This weathering testexposes the rock to wetting and drying cycles similar tofluctuating water levels and weather conditions.The rock slabs,prepared in accordance with procedures in Practice D5121, areintended
4、to be representative of erosion control rock and itsweaknesses. The test is appropriate for breakwater stone, armorstone, riprap and gabion sized rock materials.The limitations of the test are twofold. First, the size of thecut rock slab specimens may eliminate some of the internaldefects present in
5、 the rock structure. The test specimens maynot be representative of the quality of the larger rock samplesused in construction. Careful examination of the rock sourceand proper sampling are essential in minimizing this limitation.Secondly, the test requires the rock slabs to be exposed to 80wetting-
6、drying cycles. The test is time intensive and willrequire approximately three months to complete the samplepreparation, testing, and analysis portions of the procedure.1.2 The use of reclaimed concrete and other materials isbeyond the scope of this test method.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in either SI
7、 units or inch-pound units presented in brackets are to be regarded sepa-rately as standard. The values stated in each system may not beexact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used inde-pendently of the other. Combining values from the two systemsmay result in non-conformance with the sta
8、ndard.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.4.1 For purposes of comparing measured or calculatedvalue(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculatedvalue(s) sh
9、all be rounded to the nearest decimal or significantdigits in the specified limits.1.4.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally sh
10、ould be retained. The proce-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these consider
11、ations. It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analyticalmethods for engineering design.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish a
12、ppro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of Soil an
13、d Rock by MassD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials Te
14、stingD4992 Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Used forErosion ControlD5121 Practice for Preparation of Rock Slabs for DurabilityTestingD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalData1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct
15、responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock for ErosionControl.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2013. Published February 2013. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5313/D5313M 12.DOI: 10.1520/D5313_D5313M-12R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websi
16、te, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
17、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSee Terminology D653 for general defini-tions.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 rock saw, na saw capable of cutting rock. The term“rock saw” shall include the blade which saws the ro
18、ck, anycomponents that control or power the sawing process or both,and framework on which the blade and any other associatedcomponents are mounted.3.2.2 slab, na section of rock having two smooth, ap-proximately parallel faces, produced by two saw cuts. Thethickness of the slab is generally less tha
19、n the other dimensionsof the rock. The slab will be the specimen of a rock which willsubsequently undergo durability tests. The words “slab” and“specimen” are interchangeable throughout the test method.3.2.3 armor stone, nstone generally 900 to 2700 kg 1 to3 tons resulting from blasting, cutting, or
20、 by other methodsplaced along shorelines or in jetties to protect the shorelinefrom erosion due to the action of large waves.3.2.4 breakwater stone, nstone generally 2700 to 18 000kg 3 to 20 tons resulting from blasting, cutting, or by othermethods placed along shorelines or in jetties to protect th
21、eshoreline from erosion due to the action of large waves.3.2.5 riprap stone, nstone generally less than 1800 kg 2tons specially selected and graded, when properly placedprevents erosion through minor wave action, or strong currentsand thereby preserves the shape of a surface, slope, orunderlying str
22、ucture.3.2.6 gabion-fill stone, nstone generally less than 22 kg50 lb and placed in baskets of wire or other suitable material.These baskets are then tied together to form an integralstructure designed to resist erosion along stream banks andaround bridge piers.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Erosion c
23、ontrol rock samples are trimmed into saw-cutslab specimens. Each slab is structurally examined macro-scopically and under 20 magnification. The specimens areexposed to 80 wetting-drying cycles. Each cycle consists offull immersion in potable water for a minimum of 12 h, thendrying under infrared hea
24、t lamps or in an oven for a minimumof 6 h. At the completion of the test the percent loss by massfor each specimen set is determined. A visual examination ofthe slabs is performed throughout and at the end of testing. Thetype of deterioration and changes to previously noted planes ofweakness are rec
25、orded.5. Significance and Use5.1 Rock for erosion control consists of individual pieces ofnatural stone. The ability of these individual pieces of stone toresist deterioration due to weathering action affects the stabilityof the integral placement of rock for erosion control and hence,the stability
26、of construction projects, structures, shorelines, andstream banks.5.2 This test method is designed to determine the effects ofwetting and drying action on the individual pieces of rock forerosion control and the resistance of the rock to deterioration.This test method was developed to be used in con
27、junction withadditional test methods listed in Practice D4992. This testmethod does not provide an absolute value but rather anindication of the resistance to wetting and drying; therefore, theresults of this test method are not to be used as the sole basisfor the determination of rock durability.NO
28、TE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/samplin
29、g/inspection/etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluation some of those factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Rock SawA laboratory diamond saw used to cu
30、tgeological and concrete specimens, or a diamond saw used forlapidary purposes, shall be acceptable. A minimum bladediameter of 36 cm 14 in. will be needed to obtain the requiredslab sizes (a larger one is preferable). The blade shall be acircular diamond blade.6.1.1 The rock saw apparatus shall hav
31、e a fixed or remov-able vise to hold the samples during the cutting process. Anautomatic feed (either gravity, hydraulic, or screwfeed oper-ated) that controls the cutting action is preferred; however, amanual feed is also acceptable. The saw shall have a platformto prevent the cut slab from falling
32、 and shattering.6.2 ContainersOf sufficient size to hold the specimensfully immersed in potable water. It is advised that thesecontainers be non-reactive, resistant to breakage, and resistantto deformation and degradation when exposed to temperaturesencountered in this test method.6.3 Drying OvenThe
33、rmostatically controlled oven, ca-pable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 110 6 5C 2306 9F throughout the drying chamber. These requirementstypically require the use of a forced-draft type oven. Preferablythe oven should be vented outside the building.6.4 Drying ApparatusInfrared heat lamps (1
34、50 W) or athermostatically controlled oven capable of maintaining auniform temperature of 65 6 5C 150 6 9F throughout thedrying chamber.6.5 StereomicroscopeAmicroscope or other suitable mag-nifying device capable of at least 20 magnification forexamination of the specimen prior to and after testing.
35、6.6 BalanceA balance capable of determining the mass ofthe specimen to the nearest 0.1 % of the total mass meeting therequirements of Specification D4753.6.7 CameraA digital or film camera capable of producinggood quality, color photographs for “before” and “after”photographs.7. Sampling, Test Speci
36、mens, and Test Units7.1 A source of rock to be sampled shall be guided by theprinciples in Practice D4992.D5313/D5313M 12 (2013)27.2 Rock sources may be from mine, quarry, outcrop, orfield boulders. Visual observation of color, texture, mineralogy,or some other feature, will be the key to proper rep
37、resentativesampling.7.2.1 Arock source that is macroscopically uniform shall berepresented by a minimum of five pieces of the materialobtained from separate locations within the source area. Thisgroup is considered as a specimen set.7.2.2 A rock source that is macroscopically non-uniformshall be rep
38、resented by a minimum of eight pieces of thematerial obtained from separate locations within the sourcearea. This group is considered as a specimen set.7.2.3 Sample the rock types in their approximate proportionto the types that occur at the source.7.3 Planes of weakness will be included in each sam
39、ple suchthat a determination may be made as to the durability of thevarious planes of weakness and their effect on the overalldurability of a rock mass that would contain these planes ofweakness.7.4 Each rock sample shall be of sufficient size to providethe finished size specimens described in Secti
40、on 8.7.5 In all cases, the rock pieces selected for the sample shallbe chosen to be representative of the majority of the rock at thesource. Rock pieces, as determined by their macroscopicproperties, which comprise less than 5 percent of the sourcematerial, may be ignored unless their presence in a
41、sample willsignificantly affect the test results and subsequent proposed useof the rock.7.6 Each piece will be of a size such that testing mayproceed without further mechanical crushing; however, thechosen pieces shall be as large as the laboratory can handle butin no case shall the sample be less t
42、han 125 mm 5 in. on aside.8. Preparation of Test Specimens8.1 Prepare a separate slab for each orientation of thevarious planes of weakness unless all such planes can beintersected with one orientation.8.2 Saw each sample, as obtained in accordance with 7.2.1and 7.2.2, in accordance with Practice D5
43、121. Each specimenwill be cut to 65 6 5 mm 2.5 6 0.25 in. thick and cut normalto bedding or any potential planes of weakness that may beobserved in the samples. In no case will the size of the slab beless than 125 mm 5 in. on a side, excluding the thickness.NOTE 2Test specimens may also be prepared
44、by cutting a 65 mm 2.5in. thick slab from a 150-mm 6-in. diameter diamond drill core such thatany apparent zones of weakness are included.NOTE 3The best estimates of rock durability are the result of testsperformed on the largest possible slabs of rock. The maximum slab sizeshall be limited only by
45、the capacity of the laboratory and its equipment.9. Procedure9.1 Examine each slab macroscopically and under a mini-mum of 20 magnification. Note the presence of beddingplanes, microfractures, and other planes of weakness and theircondition. Describe each slab as indicated in Practice D5121.9.2 Labe
46、l each specimen with a suitable waterproof marker.Photograph each test specimen digitally or using color film insuch a way that the slab fills most of the photograph. Wet orpartially wet specimens usually show more detail than dryspecimens. Include a scale in all photographs.9.3 Dry each trimmed sla
47、b in an oven to a constant mass(60.1 % of the total mass) at 110 6 5C 230 6 9F andrecord the mass. Rock that contains gypsum (calcium sulfatedihydrate), shall be dried at the 60C 140F temperaturerecommended in Test Method D2216.9.4 Begin the wetting sequence by placing each specimen,sawed surface do
48、wn, in a container on a thin layer, 6 mm 14in., of plus No. 8 size sand. Add enough potable water to thecontainer such that the specimen is fully immersed and letstand at room temperature for a minimum of 12 h.9.5 Begin the drying sequence by decanting or siphoningthe water and placing the container
49、 in an oven at a temperatureof 65 6 5C 150 6 9F.As an alternative, the sample may bedried under an infrared heat lamp such that the rock surface is40 to 50 cm 16 to 20 in. from the lamp. Thoroughly dry thespecimen for a minimum of 6 h.9.6 The completion of the wetting and drying sequencesconstitutes one wetting-drying cycle.9.7 At the completion of the drying sequence allow thesamples to cool to ambient room temperature.9.8 Repeat the process of wetting and drying in accordancewith 9.4 and 9.5 for a total of 80 cyc
