1、Designation: D5344 99 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forExtension Force of Partially Oriented Yarn1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5344; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of extensionforce developed while drawing a partially oriented filamentyarn between
3、pairs of draw rolls of different surface speeds.1.2 Extension force provides an estimate of the yarn orien-tation.1.3 This test method applies to partially oriented filamentyarns less than 33.3 tex (300 denier), but it can be used forhigher deniers by applying the test conditions as directed inAppen
4、dix X1.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to e
5、stablish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD2
6、904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed Data3D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextiles33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 draw ratio (DR), nthe relation of the final length perunit mass to original length per unit mas
7、s of a materialresulting from drawing.3.1.2 draw texturing, nfor processing thermoplastic fi-bers, the simultaneous or sequential process of drawing andimparting crimp, thus producing increased molecular orienta-tion and increased bulk.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe drawing and texturing stages mayoccur in s
8、eparate, usually consecutive, zones of a machine(sequential draw texturing) or together in the same zone(simultaneous draw texturing).3.1.3 drawing, nin textile processing, the process ofstretching or attenuating a material to increase the length perunit mass.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThis process orients t
9、he molecularchains in the length direction of partially oriented yarn.3.1.4 extension, nthe change in length of a material due tostretching.3.1.5 extension force, nthe force required to stretch amaterial to a given length.3.1.6 partially oriented yarn, nfilament yarn in whichpolymer molecules are on
10、ly partially aligned.3.1.6.1 DiscussionAdditional drawing of partially ori-ented yarn results in full orientation of the polymer moleculesand optimizes the tensile properties of the yarn.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test M
11、ethod4.1 Partially oriented filament yarn withdrawn from a pack-age is pretensioned, heated, and drawn on an instrument underconditions similar to those used in the draw-texturing process.Atension measuring head senses the force required to draw therunning yarn a specified amount of its original len
12、gth undergiven conditions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments because current esti-mates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and themethod is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.5.1.1 If th
13、ere are differences or practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimum, the test samples to be used are ashomogeneou
14、s as possible, are drawn from the material from1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previ
15、ous edition approved in 2005 as D534499(2005).DOI: 10.1520/D5344-99R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AST
16、M website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.which the disparate test results are obtained, and are assignedrandomly in equal
17、 numbers to each laboratory for testing.Other materials with established test values may be used forthis purpose. The test results from the two laboratories shouldbe compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at aprobability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias isfound, eith
18、er its cause must be found and corrected, or futuretest results must be adjusted in consideration of the knownbias.5.2 Elapsed time between spinning and testing has a markedeffect on the results of the draw tension test, especially duringthe first 24 h. Therefore, if tested within 24 h of spinning,s
19、pecimens should be compared only if tested after the sameelapsed time. No specimen should be tested within4hofspinning because the aging process is at its most rapid rateduring this period, and the differences in rate due to fiberstructure are most pronounced.5.3 The extension force of manufactured
20、filament yarns isrelated to the alignment of the molecules in the yarn filaments,which influences the yarn processing behavior. Knowledge ofthis property of partially oriented yarn is useful to determineprocessing conditions.6. Apparatus6.1 Extension Force Measuring Instrument,4,5which willperform t
21、he test on a running threadline. This instrumentshould include the following: (1) an input section to withdrawthe yarn from a package and position the yarn for delivery tothe drawing section and establish constant tension, (2)adrawing section that should include a constant heat source toprovide for
22、the extension of the yarn, and (3) a means ofrecording the force required to draw the yarn.7. Sampling and Test Specimens7.1 Primary Sampling UnitConsider shipping containersof yarns to be the primary sampling unit.7.2 Laboratory Sampling UnitFrom the combined num-ber of primary sampling units in a
23、designated lot, take tenrandomly selected packages as directed in Practice D2258 aslaboratory sampling units.7.3 Test SpecimensFor acceptance testing, take one testspecimen from each laboratory sampling unit. For nylon andpolyester, use a 50-m test length. For polypropylene, use a100-m test length.8
24、. Conditioning8.1 Prior to conditioning, prepare the test packages byremoving at least 100 m (10 yds) of yarn from the outside ofeach test package to avoid testing nonrepresentative yarn. Nopreconditioning is required.NOTE 1Preconditioning is generally not advisable because it prolongsthe time requi
25、red for conditioning.8.2 Bring the specimens in package form to moistureequilibrium for testing in the standard atmosphere for testingtextiles 216 1C (70 6 2F) and 65 6 2 % relative humidityin accordance with Practice D1776. A 24-h period is usuallysufficient.9. Procedure9.1 Perform all tests in the
26、 standard atmosphere for testingtextiles, which is 21 6 1C or 70 6 2F and 65 6 2 % relativehumidity.9.2 Calibrate the test instrument as specified by the manu-facturer. Test certified control packages and evaluate themusing statistical procedures to verify calibration.9.3 Test Conditions:9.3.1 Use t
27、he test conditions as specified in Table 1 for tothe instrument being used. The use of these conditions willallow for the direct comparison of test results from the twoinstruments.NOTE 2Due to the difference in heater length on the two testinstruments, the draw roll speed is different to maintain th
28、e same dwelltime of the yarn in the heater. It is important to maintain the same dwelltime in the heater at a given heat to assure reproducible data for extensionforce test.NOTE 3For conditions other than those given in 9.3.1, see AppendixX1 for test condition optimization, which provides for direct
29、 comparisonbetween users.9.4 Procedure for Testing Specimens:9.4.1 Remove surface yarn from the outside of each packageimmediately before the test is run to remove damaged ordisturbed yarn.9.4.2 Mount the test package on a suitable holder.9.4.3 Turn the instrument on.9.4.4 Feed the yarn through the
30、instrument as specified bythe instrument operators manual (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).9.4.5 Set the yarn test speed.9.4.6 Check the yarn pretension, if applicable.9.4.7 Run the test for a minimum of 1 min.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the average extension force of each packagein the laboratory sample f
31、rom the chart recorder or input signalto the microprocessor.10.2 Calculate the average extension force and coefficient ofvariation for the lot.4DYNAFIL, available from Lawson-Hemphill 1658 G A R Highway, Suite 6,Swansea, MA 02777, has been found suitable. Textechno Herbert Stein GmbH partially-orien
32、ted; yarn6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D13-1103.7Adjunct is no longer available.FIG. 1 Layout of Extension Force Measuring UnitDYNAFILD5344 99 (2011)3FIG. 2 Layout of Extension Force Measuring UnitDTITABLE 2 Av
33、erage and Components of VarianceAMaterial Tested GrandAverageSingle-OperatorComponentWithin-LaboratoryComponentBetween-LaboratoryComponentPolyester (POY)127(70)/34 56T 39.97 0.36 0.0 0.65Polyester (POY)265(150)/34 56T 65.01 0.71 0.0 1.49Nylon (POY)95(70)/34 AJ28T 127.33 0.37 0.52 1.33AComponents of
34、variance are given as standard deviations to express thevariability in units of measure rather than the squares of those measures.TABLE 3 Critical Differences for Conditions NotedANumber ofObservationsSingle-OperatorPrecisionWithin-LaboratoryPrecisionBetween-LaboratoryPrecisionPolyester (POY) 127(70
35、)/34 56T1 1.0 1.0 2.05 0.4 0.4 1.810 0.3 0.3 1.8Polyester (POY) 265(150)/34 56T1 2.0 2.0 4.65 0.9 0.9 4.210 0.6 0.6 4.2Nylon (POY) 95(70)/34 AJ28T1 1.0 1.8 4.15 0.5 1.5 4.010 0.3 1.5 4.0AThe critical differences were calculated using z = 1.960.D5344 99 (2011)4APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. OP
36、TIMIZATION OF EXTENSION FORCE TEST CONDITIONSX1.1 The selection of test conditions (yarn speed, heatertemperature, and draw ratio) that will assure data reproductiv-ity for extension force testing is as follows:X1.1.1 Select a draw ratio (DR) based on the ratio of the tex(denier) of the feed yarn to
37、 the drawn yarn, using Eq X1.1:DR 5 F/D (X1.1)where:DR = draw ratio,F = feed yarn, tex (denier), andD = drawn yarn, tex (denier).X1.1.2 If a set of draw rolls is not available at the calculatedDR, use the next higher ratio that is attainable.X1.2 Select speed and temperature settings that assureeffe
38、ctive yarn temperatures that exceed the glass transitiontemperature (Tg) of the yarn being tested. This conditionprovides the most stable results for extension force testing.This condition is met on the flat portion of the curves in Fig.X1.1.X1.2.1 To select speed and temperature combinations, de-ve
39、lop a series of extension force versus speed plots at increas-ing heater temperature settings as shown in Fig. X1.1. Selectheater temperatures and speed combinations that fall on the flatportion of the curve.X1.3 The fiber producer should be a source for testconditions that provide the most stable t
40、est results for extensionforce testing.FIG. X1.1 Temperature and Speed Effects on Extension ForceD5344 99 (2011)5ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advi
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43、 you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individ
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