1、Designation: D5424 10D5424 14Standard Test Method forSmoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained inElectrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a VerticalCable Tray Configuration1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5424; the number immediately following the designation
2、 indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This is a fire-test-response standar
3、d.1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the smoke obscuration resulting from burning electrical insulating materialscontained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flamingignition source and burn freely under we
4、ll ventilated conditions.1.3 This test method provides two different protocols for exposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to an ignitionsource (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min test duration. Use it to determine the flame propagation and smoke releasecharacteristics of the materia
5、ls contained in single and multiconductor electrical or optical fiber cables designed for use in cabletrays.1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of electrical or optical fiber cables in fire conditionsother than the ones specifically used in this test method, nor
6、 does it measure the contribution of the cables to a developing firecondition.1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained.1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured.1.7 The burning behavior is documented visually, by photographic or video r
7、ecordings, or both.1.8 The test equipment is suitable for making other, optional, measurements, including the rate of heat release of the burningspecimen, by an oxygen consumption technique and weight loss.1.9 Another set of optional measurements are the concentrations of certain toxic gas species i
8、n the combustion gases.1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.(See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.)1.11 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlledc
9、onditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, productsor assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.12 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conductingthe
10、se tests.1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Refe
11、renced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD09.21 on Fire Performance Standards.Current edi
12、tion approved March 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2014. Published April 2010November 2014. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20052010as D5424D5424 10.05. DOI: 10.1520/D5424-10.10.1520/D5424-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer
13、Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the pre
14、vious version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Ch
15、anges section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE800 Guide for Measurement of
16、Gases Present or Generated During FiresE1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeterIEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 NFPA Standard:Standards:3ANSI/NFP
17、A 70-1990NFPA 70 National Electrical Code1990, National Fire Protection AssociationCodeNFPA 289 Standard Method of Fire Test for Individual Fuel Packages2.3 Underwriters Laboratories Standards:4UL 1056 Fire Test of Upholstered Furniture, Underwriters Laboratories, 1989UL 1581 Reference Standard for
18、Electrical Wires, Cables, and Flexible Cords, March 6, 1987, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.,ANSI/UL 1581-1985CordsUL 1685 Standard Vertical Tray Fire Propagation and Smoke Release Test for Electrical and Optical Fiber Cables, UnderwritersLaboratories, Inc., January 27, 1992Cables2.4 Canadian Standa
19、rds Association Standards:5CSA Standard FT-4 Vertical Flame Tests: Cables in Cable Trays, Section 4.11.4 in C22.2 No. 0.3-M1985,0.3, Test Methods forElectrical Wires and Cables2.5 IEEE Standards:6IEEE 1202 Standard for Flame Testing of Cables for Use in Cable Tray in Industrial and Commercial Occupa
20、ncies, May 29,1991.Occupancies2.6 Other Standards:CA Technical Bulletin 133 Flammability Test Procedure for Seating Furniture for Use in Public Occupancies, January, 19917Nordtest Method NT Fire 032 Upholstered Furniture: Burning BehaviorFull Scale Test8ISO 13943 Fire SafetyVocabulary93. Terminology
21、3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this test method and associated with fire issues, refer to Terminology E176 andISO 13943. In case of conflict, the definitions given in Terminology E176 shall prevail. For definitions of terms used in this testmethod and associated with electrical insu
22、lation issues, refer to Terminology D1711.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 sample, nan amount of the cable type and construction to be tested, which is representative of the product for test.3.2.2 specimen, nthe individual length of cable, or cable bundle, to be placed in the
23、 cable tray, which is representative of theproduct to be tested.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This fire-test-response standard determines a number of fire-test-response characteristics associated with smoke obscurationresulting from burning the materials insulating full-scale specimens of electrical
24、or optical fiber cables located in a vertical cabletray and ignited with a propane gas burner. This test method is also suitable for making other, optional measurements, includingrates of heat release, total amounts of heat released, rates and concentrations of carbon oxides released, and rates and
25、amounts ofmass of the specimen lost (see Appendix X2). Further optional measurements are also possible.4.2 The vertical cable tray that holds the specimen is located in an enclosure of specified dimensions.4.3 A hood, connected to a duct, is located above the fire enclosure. Smoke release instrument
26、ation is placed in the duct. Heatand gas analysis release instrumentation (optional) is also placed in the duct.4.4 Two different test procedures are specified, which differ in the burner used and in the electrical or optical fiber cable loading.These reflect details of three existing test methods:
27、UL 1581 (protocol A) and CSA Standard FT-4 in C22.2 No. 0.3-M1985No. 0.3-M1985, or IEEE 1202 (protocol B) and UL 1685 (both protocols).3 Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.4 Available from Underwriters Laboratori
28、es (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.5 Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.6 Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), 445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Pisc
29、ataway, NJ 08854-1331, http:/www.ieee.org.7 Available from Bureau of Home Furnishings and Thermal Insulation, State of California, Department of Consumer Affairs, 3485 Orange Grove Ave., North Highlands,CA 95660-5595.8 Available from Nordtest, P.O. Box 22, SF-00341, Helsingfore, Finland, 1987.9 Avai
30、lable from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.D5424 1425. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated wi
31、th smokeobscuration and resulting from burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables. Thespecimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner.5.2 Smoke obscuration quantifies the visibility
32、 in fires.5.3 This test method is also suitable for measuring the rate of heat release as an optional measurement. The rate of heat releaseoften serves as an indication of the intensity of the fire generated.5.4 Other optional fire-test-response characteristics that are measurable by this test metho
33、d are useful to make decisions on firesafety. The most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires. They are major indicators ofthe toxicity of the atmosphere and of the completeness of combustion, and are often used as part of fire hazard assessmentcalculations
34、 and to improve the accuracy of heat release measurements. Other toxic gases, which are specific to certain materials,are less crucial for determining combustion completeness.5.5 Test Limitations:5.5.1 The fire-test-response characteristics measured in this test method are a representation of the ma
35、nner in which thespecimens tested behave under certain specific conditions. Do not assume they are representative of a generic fire performance ofthe materials tested when made into cables of the construction under consideration.5.5.2 In particular, it is unlikely that this test method is an adequat
36、e representation of the fire behavior of cables in confinedspaces, without abundant circulation of air.5.5.3 This is an intermediate-scale test, and the predictability of its results to large scale fires has not been determined. Someinformation exists to suggest that it has been validated against so
37、me large-scale scenarios.6. Apparatus6.1 Enclosure:6.1.1 The enclosure in which the specimen is tested is shown in Fig. 1.6.1.2 The enclosure has a floor area of 2.44 m 6 25 mm by 2.44 m 6 25 mm, with a height of 3.35 m 6 25 mm (8 ft 6 1in. by 8 ft 6 1 in. by 11 ft 6 1 in. high). On top of the walls
38、 there is a pyramidal collection hood with a collection box.FIG. 1 Cable Test EnclosureD5424 1436.1.2.1 Other enclosure sizes, such as 2.4 by 2.4 by 2.4 m (8 by 8 by 8 ft) or the 3 m cube are permitted, provided that theinternal volume of the enclosure, exclusive of the pyramidal hood, ranges betwee
39、n 14.5 m3 (512 ft3) and 36 m3 (1272 ft(512 and1272 ft3), the floor area ranges between 6 m2 (64 ft2) and 9 m2 (97 ftand 64 ft2), and the maximum air movement within theenclosure complies with 6.1.10 (Note 1).NOTE 1There is, as yet, not enough information as to the equivalence on smoke release betwee
40、n the various facilities. Further work needs to be doneto confirm this.6.1.2.2 In case of disputes, the referee method are the tests conducted using the enclosure in 6.1.2.6.1.3 WallsThe maximum conductive heat flux loss of the walls of the structure is 6.8 W/(m2K) (30 Btu/h-ft2), based uponan insid
41、e wall temperature of 38 C (100 F) 38C (100F) and an outside air temperature of 24 C (75 F). 24C (75F). Paintthe interior surface of the walls flat black.Any materials of construction that meet the preceding requirements are acceptable. Twoexamples of acceptable construction materials are nominally
42、152 mm (6 in.) thick concrete masonry blocks (density: 1700 kgmkg/m3 (106 lb ftlb/ft3) and thermal conductivity nominally k = 1.75 W/(m K), at 21 C; 21C; 12.13 Btu in./ft2 h F, at 70 F)70F), or nominally 13 mm (0.5 in.) gypsum board, with 89 6 6 mm (3.5 6 0.25 in.) of standard fiberglass insulation,
43、 with anR value of 1.94 m2 K/W (which corresponds in practical units to an R value of 11 h ft2 F/Btu. F/Btu). Windows for observationof the fire test are allowed in the walls; ensure that the total area of the windows does not exceed 1.86 m2 (20 ft2).6.1.3.1 Select materials of construction which ca
44、n withstand the high temperatures and presence of open flame within the testenclosure and duct.6.1.4 Provide air intakes at the base of two opposite walls, one of which contains the access door. Ensure that the total crosssectional area of the air intakes is 1.45 6 0.03 m4 (22506 50 in.2), and that
45、the intake areas are divided approximately equally.Fig. 1 shows dimensions for the air intakes installed in the walls. Air intakes are not permitted in either of the other two walls.6.1.5 Construct a door with wired glass and locate it as shown in Fig. 1. The door is 900 6 25 mm wide and 21006 25 mm
46、high (35 6 1 in. by 83 6 1 in.), with an overall conductive heat flux loss no greater than that of the walls, that is, 6.8 W/(m2K)(30 Btu/h-ft2). A steel framed wired glass door will meet these requirements. Adequately seal the sides and the top of the door toprevent drafts.6.1.6 Construct a truncat
47、ed pyramid stainless steel hood, formed as shown in Fig. 1, and locate it on top of the enclosure walls.Make the slope on each side of the hood 40. Form a seal between the hood and the walls; a compressible inorganic batting asgasket is suitable.6.1.7 Insulate the exterior of the hood to make an ove
48、rall conductive heat loss no greater than that of the walls.6.1.8 Locate a cubical stainless steel collection box (914 6 25 mm (36 6 1 in.) per side) on top of the exhaust hood, with anominal 406 6 25 mm (16 6 1 in.) diameter stainless steel pipe exhaust duct centered in one side.6.1.9 Install the e
49、xhaust duct horizontally and connect it to the plenum of the hood.6.1.10 Ensure that the maximum air movement within the enclosure, with only the intake and exhaust openings open, theexhaust fan on, and the burner off, does not exceed 1 m/s (3.3(3.3 ft ft/s), s), as measured by a vane-type anemometer in thefollowing areas: (1) at the floor level where the burner is positioned during the test, and (2) at 1.50 6 0.05 m (4.9 ft 6 2 in.) abovethe enclosure floor, where the cable tray is positioned during the test.6.1.11 Construct a square 6
