1、Designation: D 5491 03Standard Classification forRecycled Post-Consumer Polyethylene Film Sources forMolding and Extrusion Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5491; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This document provides for the classification of post-consumer polyethylene (PE) film derived
3、from specificsources. It also identifies characteristics that the user andsupplier can agree upon in determining the acceptability of thefilm for recycling into molding and extrusion materials. It isneither the intent nor the purpose of this classification tospecify the suitability of the recycled m
4、aterial for specificapplications.1.2 This classification provides that the source of the mate-rial be listed as an aid in identification. The separation bysource also improves the usefulness of the material. Sourcesare post-consumer PE films from shrink wrap, dry cleaningfilm, merchandise bags, groc
5、ery sacks, stretch wrap, recyclebags, redemption bags, bubble packaging film, andcommercial/industrial liners/bags and overwrap. Other post-consumer PE films may be added to this classification whensuch material streams are defined.1.3 It is not the function of this classification to provide datafor
6、 specific product design or process-performance purposes.1.4 The supplier shall provide a written certification witheach shipment stating that the material is derived from post-consumer PE film sources described within this classification.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thest
7、andard. The values given in brackets are for information only.NOTE 1There are no equivalent ISO standards.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1600 Terminology of Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 5033 Guide for Development of ASTM Standards Relat-i
8、ng to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics3. Terminology3.1 Definitionsthe definitions used in this classificationare in accordance with Terminology D 883 and Guide D 5033.3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bubble packaging film, nclear or tinted LDPE orLLDPE film with littl
9、e or no print, used to cushion or to protectsurfaces, or both, and which may contain a barrier resin or tielayers, or both.3.2.2 commercial/industrial liners/bag, nclear LDPE,LLDPE, or MDPE film with light or no print, used for theshipment of industrial parts, mattresses or textile products, drynonp
10、utrescible foods, nonhazardous chemicals, etc.3.2.3 commercial overwrap, nclear LDPE, LLDPE, orMDPE film with light or no print, used to cover finishedproducts such as carpeting, furniture, yarn, and other interme-diate or retail items during shipment to the distribution outlet orfinal consumer.3.2.
11、4 dry-cleaning film, nclear or pigmented film madefrom LDPE, LLDPE, or their blends, with light or no print,used as the outer protective wrap by dry-cleaning establish-ments.3.2.5 grocery sacks, npigmented or unpigmented blendsof polyethylene with or without print, used to carry groceriesfrom a food
12、 market.3.2.6 merchandise bags, npigmented LDPE, LLDPE,MDPE, HDPE, or a combination of these resin types, withprint, used to carry dry goods from a retailer.3.2.7 nominal density, nthe density of the unpigmentedpolyethylene resin, which may differ from the apparent densityof the material due to the
13、addition of fillers or pigments to theresin.3.2.8 recycle bags, nblue tinted LLDPE or LDPE filmwith light or no print, used to transport items to a recyclingfacility.3.2.9 redemption bags, nclear or tinted LLDPE or LDPEfilm with little or no print, used to transport beverage bottlesand cans to a rec
14、ycler in a “bottle bill” state where beveragecontainers require a refundable deposit upon purchase.1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.Current edition approved November 1, 20
15、03. Published January 2004. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 5491 - 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the st
16、andards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.10 shrink wrap, npigmented or unpigmented filmmade from LDPE, LLDP
17、E, or their blends, clear or pigmented,with light or no print, that is typically used to unitize an itemor items for stability.3.2.11 source, nthe original end use of the PE materialsdescribed in this specification.3.2.12 stretch wrap, nclear or tinted LLDPE film, with noprint, used to unitize an it
18、em or items for stability and whichmay include a tackifier.4. Significance and Use4.1 This classification identifies sources of PE film. Theseparation by sources also improves the usefulness of thematerial. Sources are post-consumer PE films from shrinkwrap, dry cleaning film, merchandise bags, groc
19、ery sacks,stretch wrap, recycle bags, redemption bags, bubble packagingfilm, commercial/industrial liners/bags, and commercial over-wrap.4.2 This classification is intended for use by the following:4.2.1 Persons/organizations who collect or separate film, orboth, as feedstock for recycling.4.2.2 Per
20、sons/organizations who reprocess film into a rawmaterial for molding and extrusion materials.4.3 It is neither the intent nor the purpose of this classifica-tion to specify the suitability of the recycled material forspecific applications.5. Basis of Classification5.1 The basis of classification is
21、solely by source.5.1.1 Shrink WrapPigmented or unpigmented film madefrom LDPE, LLDPE, or their blends, clear or pigmented, withlight or no print, that is typically used to unitize an item oritems for stability.5.1.2 Dry-Cleaning FilmClear or pigmented film madefrom LDPE, LLDPE, or their blends, with
22、 light or no print,used as the outer protective wrap by dry-cleaning establish-ments.5.1.3 Merchandise BagsPigmented LDPE, LLDPE,MDPE, HDPE or a combination of these resin types, withprint, used to carry dry goods from a retailer.5.1.4 Grocery SacksPigmented or unpigmented blends ofpolyethylene with
23、 or without print, used to carry groceriesfrom a food market.5.1.5 Stretch WrapClear or tinted LLDPE film, with noprint, used to unitize an item or items for stability and whichmay include a tackifier.5.1.6 Recycle BagsBlue tinted LLDPE or LDPE film withlittle or no print, used to transport items to
24、 a recycling facility.5.1.7 Redemption BagsClear or tinted LLDPE or LDPEfilm with little or no print, used to transport beverage bottlesand cans to a recycler in a “bottle bill” state where beveragecontainers require a refundable deposit upon purchase.5.1.8 Bubble Packaging FilmClear or tinted LDPE
25、orLLDPE film with little or no print, used to cushion or to protectsurfaces, or both, and which may contain a barrier resin or tielayers, or both.5.1.9 Commercial/Industrial Liners/BagsClear LDPE,LLDPE, or MDPE film with light or no print, used for theshipment of industrial parts, mattresses or text
26、ile products, drynonputrescible foods, nonhazardous chemicals, etc.5.1.10 Commercial OverwrapClear LDPE, LLDPE, orMDPE film with light or no print, used to cover finishedproducts such as carpeting, furniture, yarn, and other interme-diate or retail items during shipment to the distribution outlet or
27、final consumer.6. Ordering Information6.1 The purchase order or inquiry for these recycled post-consumer PE materials shall state this ASTM specificationnumber, year of issue, and source.6.2 Further definition as may be required for the sourceslisted in 5.1 shall be by agreement between user and sup
28、plier.7. Contamination (Note 2)7.1 Contamination by non-polymeric materials, non-polyethylene films, and non-film plastics shall not exceed 2 %by weight and must be identified by type.7.2 Shipments shall be essentially free (see Note 3) fromdirt, mud, stones, grease, glass, metals, and paper.7.3 Mat
29、erials contaminated with agricultural chemicals,hazardous materials, flammable liquids, and medical wastes areprohibited.7.4 All polymeric materials that present a health or safetyhazard, or both, due to their decomposition products atpolyethylene processing conditions are prohibited.7.5 The materia
30、l shall be free of any free-flowing liquid.7.6 The plastic shall not have visible evidence of damage byultraviolet exposure, that is embrittled, flaky film.NOTE 2It is recognized that some contaminants may result in an odorbeing present in the recycled material. The acceptability of the type andleve
31、l of odor shall be as agreed upon between the user and supplier.Methods to evaluate odors in recycled materials are being developedelsewhere in the plastics industry.NOTE 3It is recognized that despite all efforts to completely preventthe presence of contamination, some may be contained within a shi
32、pment.The term “essentially free” shall mean film that has been inspected and isas free of contamination as would be acceptable by use of goodcommercial practice with use of reasonable care in collecting and packingfilm for accumulation and shipment.8. Inspection and Certification8.1 The supplier sh
33、all provide a written certification witheach shipment that the material is derived from post-consumersources. The source of these materials, as specified in 5.1, shallalso be identified in the certification.8.2 Certification shall be that the material is in accordancewith this classification and mee
34、ts the contamination require-ments of Section 7.9. Keywords9.1 plastic films; polyethylene; post-consumer material; re-covered material; recycledD 5491 032SUMMARY OF CHANGESThis section identifies the location of selected changes to this classification. For the convenience of the user,Committee D20
35、has highlighted those changes that may impact the use of this classification. This section mayalso include descriptions of the changes or reasons for the changes, or both.D 5491 03:(1) Added reference to non-polyethylene films in paragraph7.1.D 5491 98:(1) Revised 3.1 and deleted all definitions.(2)
36、 Revised 3.2.7nominal density.(3) Specified commercial overwrap.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any suc
37、h patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invite
38、d either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a
39、fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5491 033
