1、Designation: D5575 18Standard Classification System forCopolymers of Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) with OtherFluorinated Monomers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This classification system covers both developing prop-erty designations and specifications for thermop
3、lastic compo-sitions consisting of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) polymersmodified with other fluoromonomers and property-enhancingadditives. The other fluoromonomers include one or more ofthe following: hexafluoropropylene (HFP), tetrafluoroethylene(TFE), and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). The additive
4、s arethose that improve its flame resistance, processing, or physicalproperties. However, these additives are not normally consid-ered to be reinforcing. This classification system covers ther-moplastic compositions supplied in pellet or powder forms.1.2 A designation or specification applies only t
5、o the virginpolymers prepared from vinylidene fluoride (50 weight %)with one or more of the following comonomers:hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and chlorotrifluoro-ethylene. Some polymers contain additives to enhance certainproperties.1.3 This system constitutes a line callout as a means
6、ofdesignating and specifying properties of VDF-based copoly-mers. At least four of the designated properties are used todefine a polymers specification. Specification criteria frominternational documents can be used if their criteria matchdesignation properties currently used by this classifications
7、ystem.2This classification system is not intended for theselection of materials.1.4 The manufacturer of the virgin resin shall establish thedesignation of a resin based on the property value criteria inthis classification system.1.5 The minimum specification properties are established bythis classif
8、ication system. Additional specification properties,based on the designation properties cited, can be established bythe resin supplier and customer.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.7 The property tests are intended to provide informationfor specifications of modified
9、 VDF-copolymer compositions. Itis not the purpose of this classification system to provideengineering data for design purposes.NOTE 1Although the values listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table4, and Table 5 are necessary to include the range of properties available inexisting materials, they are
10、not to be interpreted as implying that everypossible combination of the properties exists or can be obtained. It ispossible for a user or designer, using Tables 1-5, to call out propertyrelationships that are physically impossible to occur in a copolymer madeusing current technology.NOTE 2Many of th
11、ese polymers exhibit polymorphism.3The type andextent of crystalline structure will vary with the thermomechanical historyof the sample. Properties vary based on the technique used to prepare thespecimens.1.8 Test methods used in this classification system can resultin the incidental production of h
12、azardous materials. ModifiedVDF polymer fluoroplastics melt between 90 and 182C (194and 359F) and are thermally stable up to about 350C (662F),or somewhat higher, depending on the composition.(WarningEvolution of corrosive, colorless, and toxic hydro-gen fluoride can occur under certain conditions.)
13、1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use
14、.See Warning in 1.8 and Section 10 for specific hazardsstatements.NOTE 3Many, but not all of the codes and specifications found in thisclassification system are also in ISO 12086-1 and ISO 12086-2.1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principle
15、s on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for the1This classification system is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018.
16、 Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5575 - 07(2013).DOI: 10.1520/D5575-18.This standard is needed to cover commercial products outside the scope ofSpecification D3222.2Fluoropolymer property specification data from international standards caninclude properties int
17、entionally excluded from this classification system (forexample, composition). The only property criteria from other documents that can beused are those having similar properties allowed under the designation system.3Lovinger, A. J., “Poly(vinylidene fluoride),” Developments in CrystallinePolymers,
18、Vol 1, Chapter 5, D.C. Bassett, Ed., Applied Science, London, 1982.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance
19、 with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Development of International Standard
20、s, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4NOTE 4For ASTM and ISO documents, the equivalent or a compa-rable method is listed after each citation in parentheses.D150 Test Methods for AC L
21、oss Characteristics and Permit-tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical InsulationD257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating MaterialsD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD792 Test Methods for Density and S
22、pecific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum OxygenConcentrati
23、on to Support Candle-Like Combustion ofPlastics (Oxygen Index)D3222 Specification for Unmodified Poly(Vinylidene Fluo-ride) (PVDF) Molding Extrusion and Coating MaterialsD3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures and En-thalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers byDifferential Scanning Ca
24、lorimetryD3835 Test Method for Determination of Properties ofPolymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary RheometerD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD4591 Test Method for Determining Temperatures andHeats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by DifferentialScanning CalorimetryD4703 Practice
25、 for Compression Molding ThermoplasticMaterials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or SheetsD5740 Guide for Writing Material Standards in the Classi-fication FormatIEEE/ASTM S110 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI)2.2 IEC and ISO Standards:5IEC 60093 Recommended Methods of Test for
26、Volume andSurface Resistivities of Electrical Insulating MaterialsIEC 60250 Recommended Methods for the Determination ofthe Permittivity and Dielectric Dissipation Factor ofElectrical Insulating Materials at Power, Audio and RadioFrequencies Including Metre WavelengthsISO 291 PlasticsStandard Atmosp
27、heres for Conditioningand Testing (Practice D618)ISO 293 PlasticsCompression Molding Test Specimens ofThermoplastic Materials (Practice 4703)ISO 472 PlasticsVocabulary (Terminology D883)ISO 527/1,2,3 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile Properties(Test Method D638)ISO 1043/1 PlasticsSymbolsPart 1: Symbo
28、ls for BasicPolymers and Their Special Characteristics (TerminologyD883)ISO 1043/2 PlasticsSymbolsPart 2: Fillers and Rein-forcing Materials (Terminology D883)ISO 1133 PlasticsDetermination of the Melt Mass-FlowRate (MFR) and the Melt Volume-Flow Rate (MVR) of4For referenced ASTM standards, visit th
29、e ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY
30、10036, http:/www.ansi.org.TABLE 1 Codes for the Information on Fluoropolymers Used inData Block 1Code MeaningA modifiedB block copolymerH homopolymerK copolymerL graft polymerR random copolymerZ otherTABLE 2 Code-Letters Used in Data Block 2 (IntendedApplication or Method of Processing, Essential Pr
31、operties,Additives, or Other InformationCode Position 1 Code Positions 2 to 8A adhesives C coloredB blow molding D powderB1 extrusion blow molding D2 free-flowingB2 injection blow molding D3 not free-flowingC calendaring E expandableE extrusion F special burning characteristicsG general use F1 nonfl
32、ammableH coating F2 flame retardedH1 powder coating F4 reduced smoke emissionH2 dip coating G granulesK cable and wire coating G1 pelletsL monofilament extrusion L light and weather stabilizedM molding (injection/transfer) M nucleatedQ compression molding N natural (no color added)R rotational moldi
33、ng N1 suitable for food contactV thermoforming N2 high purityX no indication P impact modifiedY textile yarns, spinning R mold release agentZ other S lubricatedT transparentT1 translucentT2 opaqueW1 improved chemical resistanceY increased electrical conductivityZ antistaticTABLE 3 Designatory and Sp
34、ecification Properties for Data Block3Position NumberAProperty1Bmelt temperature2Bmelt flow rate/melt viscosity3Btensile strength and modulus4 tensile elongation5Bdensity6 electrical7 flammability by oxygen index (OI)8 specimen preparation method and typeAProperty test information for Positions 1 to
35、 7 are given in Section 8.BPositions 1, 2, 3, and 5 are mandated as the minimum specification properties.D5575 182Thermoplastics (Test Method D1238)ISO 1183 PlasticsMethods for Determining Density andRelative Density of Non-Cellular Plastics (Test MethodsD792)ISO 4589 PlasticsDetermination of Flamma
36、bility By Oxy-gen IndexISO 12086-1 Fluoropolymer Dispersion and Molding andExtrusion MaterialsPart 1: Designation and Specifica-tionISO 12086-2 Fluoropolymer Dispersion and Molding andExtrusion MaterialsPart 2: Preparation of Test Speci-mens and Determination of PropertiesTABLE 4 Date Block 3Positio
37、n 1 Position 2 Position 3 Position 4Code Tm, CMelt Viscosity/Melt-Flow Rate Tensile Strength Tensile ElongationCodeMelt-FlowRate,g/10 minLoad,kgMeltVis-cosity,Pa/sATemp-era-ture,CCodeYieldStrength,MPaModulus,MPaCode Yield, % Break, %a 250 b 15 to 500 c 20 to 100 d 25 to1500 e 30 to2000 230 f 35 to25
38、00 125 g 40 to30 300 to 3000 h 45 to3500 i 50 to6000 i 400 to 800m 130 to 10E3 a 10E12 c 50 to 90 g ISO 527 Type 6Ah 2.2 to0.1000 x xy y 14 y yz not specified z not specified not specified z not specified zD5575 1833. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 copolymera polymer derived from more than onespec
39、ies of monomer.3.1.2 fluoroplastica plastic based on polymers made withmonomers containing one or more atoms of fluorine, orcopolymers of such monomers with other monomers, thefluoro-monomer(s) being in the greatest amount by mass.ISO 12086-13.1.3 monomera low-molecular-weight substance consist-ing
40、of molecules capable of reacting with like or unlikemolecules to form a polymer.3.1.4 thermoplastica plastic that repeatedly can be soft-ened by heating and hardened by cooling through a tempera-ture range characteristic of the plastic, and that in the softenedstate can be shaped by flow into articl
41、es by molding orextrusion.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 amorphousnoncrystalline or devoid of regular struc-ture.3.2.2 contaminationthe presence of nonpolymer particu-late and debris in the polymer, excluding any property-enhancing additives.3.2.3 fluoropolymersynonymous wi
42、th fluoroplastic.3.2.4 melt-processiblecapable of being processed by, forexample, injection molding, screw extrusion, and other opera-tions typically used with thermoplastics.3.2.5 polymorphismthe ability of a material to form twoor more different but stable crystalline forms.3.2.6 thermomechanical
43、historythe mechanical and ther-mal exposure that a material experiences before testing.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 CTFEchlorotrifluoroethylene (1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethylene).3.3.2 DMACdimethylacetamide.3.3.3 DSCdifferential scanning calorimetry.3.3.4 HFPhexafluoropropylene (1,1,2,3,3,3-hexaflu-oropr
44、opylene).3.3.5 MFRmelt-flow rate.3.3.6 MVmelt viscosity.3.3.7 PVDFpoly(vinylidene fluoride).3.3.8 TFEtetrafluoroethylene (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethylene). D16003.3.9 VDFvinylidene fluoride (1,1,-difluoroethylene).3.3.10 VDF/CTFEvinylidene fluoride/chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer.3.3.11 VDF/HFPvinyli
45、dene fluoride/hexafluoropro-penecopolymer.3.3.12 VDF/TFEvinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylenecopolymer.3.3.13 VDF/TFE/HFPvinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropene copolymer.4. Classification and Designation4.1 The classification and designation system of the poly-mers is based on t
46、he following standardized pattern taken fromISO 12086-1:Designation and Classification SystemDescription Block| Identity Block | Individual Item Block |Data Data Data Data DataBlock 1 Block 2 Block 3 Block 4 Block 54.1.1 The designation system consists of the following:4.1.1.1 An optional descriptio
47、n block, reading“Thermoplastics,”4.1.1.2 An identity block comprising the ASTM standardnumber, and4.1.1.3 An individual item block.(1) The individual item block is subdivided into five datablocks that include the information in 4.2 4.6. Data Block 5is used when a designation is converted to a specif
48、ication. SeeSection 7 for more details.(2) The blocks shall be separated from each other bycommas. If a data block is not used, this shall be indicated bydoubling the separation sign, that is, by two commas (,).4.2 Data Block 1This data block identifies the fluoropo-lymer by its abbreviation from th
49、e list in 3.3 (additional termsare listed in ISO 12086-1, 2, or Terminology D1600). Theabbreviation is followed by a hyphen and a one-letter codegiving more information about the polymer, using the codesfrom Table 1.4.3 Data Block 2:4.3.1 This block can indicate up to eight items of informa-tion coded by letters as specified in Table 2. Position 1 givesinformation about intended application or method of process-ing. Positions 2 through 8 provide up to seven items that canuse codes from Table 2 to indicate the polymers form as w
