1、Designation: D 5703 95 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Practice forPreparatory Surface Cleaning for Clay Brick Masonry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5703; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers non-abrasive surface cleaning ofclay brick masonry to remove surface contaminants such asdirt,
3、 grease, loose material, soot, fly ash, hydrocarbon residues,algae, etc. in preparation for the application of water repellentcoatings without damaging or altering the surface appearanceof the clay brick masonry.1.2 Procedures included in this practice are water cleaning,detergent water cleaning, pr
4、essurized water cleaning, steamcleaning, and acid cleaning. It is not intended for the cleaningof newly constructed brick masonry. Use of procedures de-scribed in this practice may not be appropriate where thesurface is of a historical nature.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regar
5、dedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determi
6、ne the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardinformation see Section 5 and Note 2 and Note 3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 slurry, na coa
7、ting of finely ground clay, coloringagents, and water applied to the surface of clay brick during themanufacturing process prior to firing of the unit.3.1.1.1 DiscussionSand may also be added to the slurry.3.2 For definitions of other terms found in this practice,refer to Terminology C43.4. Signific
8、ance and Use4.1 Surface cleaning is necessary to prepare clay brickmasonry surfaces for application of coatings intended for waterrepellent protection. Surface cleaning helps to ensure properadhesion or even penetration of the coating and to preventunintended sealing-in of stains.4.2 This practice a
9、ddresses surface cleaning only. Otherpreparation or remedial repairs, such as repointing the masonryor replacing of units, may be necessary and must be completedprior to application of the water repellent treatment.5. Hazards5.1 Localized stains (for example efflorescence and metallicstains) and pre
10、viously applied coatings not compatible with thewater repellent treatment may require removal by other surfacecleaning methods. Failure to remove localized stains prior toapplication of the treatment may prevent later removal of thestain.NOTE 1Methods for removing localized stains, including use ofn
11、on-proprietary chemical compounds, can be found in several references,some of which are listed in Appendix X1.5.2 Do not perform water cleaning, detergent water clean-ing, pressurized water cleaning, and acid cleaning at tempera-tures below 40F.5.3 Handle proprietary chemical cleaning products accor
12、d-ing to manufacturers recommendations. Conform to estab-lished federal, state, local and project requirements for use anddisposal of materials. Provisions for collecting and removingcleaning effluent may be necessary.5.4 Use the minimum effective pressure if pressure washingequipment is employed fo
13、r water cleaning or for flushing thesurface for detergent water cleaning or chemical cleaning.Avoid excessive pressure that could damage the masonrysurface.6. Procedure6.1 Water, detergent water, pressurized water, or scrubbingare acceptable cleaning methods. Acid cleaning agents may beused to remov
14、e surface deposits such as soot, fly ash, and1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.47 on Concrete, Stone and Masonry Treatments.Current edition approved July 1, 2007
15、. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 5703 - 95 (2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to th
16、e standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.hydrocarbon residues not removed by any of the abovemethods. Precede and follow chemical and detergent cleaningwith a thorough fresh
17、 (potable) water rinse. Make provisionsfor the removal of cleaning effluent generated.6.2 If necessary, test cleaned surfaces for moisture contentprior to applying water repellent coating. Before and aftercleaning, test surface to be cleaned with proprietary chemicalcompounds for pH.6.3 Type and exi
18、sting conditions of the substrate determinethe selection of appropriate method(s). Select cleaning meth-ods based on surface condition, clay brick unit color, mortarcolor, and brick texture. Units with a sand finish or slurrycoated or glazed surface require special care. (See AppendixX1 for guidance
19、 on selection of a cleaning technique.)6.4 Five types of cleaning procedures are described below.Prior to the initiation of cleaning, clean small test areas ofapproximately 20 ft2(1.9 m2) in inconspicuous areas of repre-sentative soiling by the selected procedure to determine effec-tiveness and to e
20、stablish a standard for the work. One or moreof the procedures may be required to remove contaminantsfrom the masonry surface. Precautions on use are given whereapplicable.6.4.1 Water CleaningRemoves dust, dirt and water-soluble surface contaminants. Plain water cleaning may be byhand cleaning or pr
21、essurized cleaning.6.4.1.1 Hand CleaningClean the surface with a stream ofclean portable water. When necessary, hand scrub with anonmetallic stiff-bristled fiber brush.NOTE 2Caution: Brick masonry with surface coatings, such as sandfinished or slurry coated, require extra care as scrubbing may damag
22、e orremove the surface coating.6.4.1.2 Pressurized Water CleaningThis method may beused with plain water or for pre-wetting in conjunction withdetergent or chemical cleaning. Clean the surface with a streamof clean portable water, aimed at an oblique angle approxi-mately 2 ft (0.6 m) from the surfac
23、e, at the minimum pressurerequired to remove dust, dirt, and loose material withoutdamaging the substrate. Pressure should never exceed 700 psi(4800 kPa) for plain water cleaning.NOTE 3Caution: This cleaning method is not appropriate for sandfinished brick and brick with glazed coatings or slurries
24、applied to thefinished faces.6.4.2 Detergent Water CleaningRemoves water-solublesurface contaminants and oils, grease, and other emulsifiablematerials on the surface.6.4.2.1 Scrape off heavy deposits of grease or oil andpre-wet the surface with potable water. Clean the surface witha nonmetallic stif
25、f-bristled fiber brush, using an aqueoussolution of detergent or non-solvent emulsifier. Immediatelyafter treatment, before the surface dries, remove residues of thecleaning agent by thoroughly flushing the surface with cleanpotable water. Do not exceed pressure of 50 psi (340 kPa) ifpressurized wat
26、er with a detergent additive is used. It ispossible for detergent or chemical solutions to be driven intothe masonry when applied under high pressure and become thesource of future staining.6.4.2.2 Repeat 6.4.2.1 until water does not bead on thesurfaces.6.4.3 Acid CleaningThis procedure is similar t
27、o detergentwater cleaning, but involves the use of proprietary acidcleaning compounds (generally muriatic hydrofluoric andphosphoric acids) for the removal of surface deposits such assoot, fly ash, and hydrocarbon residues.6.4.3.1 Precautions:(1) Do not use muriatic acid compounds on light colored(w
28、hite, tan, buff, pink) or gray, brown or black colored brickunits containing manganese. Manganese stains (“brown stain”)may result when acid is used to clean such units.(2) Strong acid concentrations may etch or discolor brickand mortar joints.(3) Acid cleaning is generally not recommended formasonr
29、y made with colored mortars since colored mortar maybe bleached by the process.6.4.3.2 Protect all adjacent materials and surrounding areasas recommended by the manufacturer of the proprietary acidcleaning compound.6.4.3.3 Before applying the acid cleaning compound, pre-wet the surface thoroughly wi
30、th potable water to preventabsorption of the cleaning solution within the pores of themasonry.6.4.3.4 Apply a dilute solution of the cleaning compound tothe pre-wet surface as recommended by the manufacturer.Leave the cleaning solution on the surface for the prescribeddwell period (usually less than
31、 5 min). Do not apply atpressures exceeding 50 psi (340 kPa).6.4.3.5 Immediately following the dwell period, and beforethe surface dries, flush thoroughly with clean potable water towash chemical cleaning compounds from the surface, thenrinse thoroughly from bottom to top. (Rinsing from bottom totop
32、 helps to avoid surface streaking). Repeated flushing may benecessary to remove cleaning residues.7. Evaluation7.1 Surface cleaning is intended to provide a clean,contamination-free surface without damaging the brick ma-sonry surfaces. Visually examine the cleaned surface to evalu-ate removal of con
33、taminants. Acceptable surfaces shall be freeof oil, grease, and other contamination such as dirt, soot, ash,and hydrocarbon residues.8. Keywords8.1 brick masonry; substrate preparation; surface cleaning;water repellent coatingD 5703 95 (2007)2APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. COMMENTARYX1.1 This
34、 practice covers methods appropriate for thegeneral cleaning of clay brick masonry surfaces. Selection of acleaning method is dependent upon the characteristics of thebrick masonry such as brick color, brick texture, mortar color,and condition of the masonry. Table X1.1 provides guidelinesfor the se
35、lection of a cleaning methods based on the charac-teristics of the masonry.X1.2 Cleaning may also involve localized stains. Suchstains may be caused by reaction of the masonry to previouslyapplied chemicals or by external materials contacting themasonry. The key to the removal of localized stains is
36、 firstidentifying the stain. Several guides provide recommendationson techniques and cleaning agents for removing specificstains.3,4ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard
37、 are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif n
38、ot revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which
39、 you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,Uni
40、ted States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE X1.1 Guidelines for Selection of a Cleaning
41、 Method forClay Brick MasonryBrick Color RecommendationsRed Most methods of cleaning may be used.Light Colors andBrownsDo not use muriatic acid. Clean with plain water,detergents or suitable proprietary compounds.Light colored units are more susceptible to acidburn and stains.Brick Texture Recommend
42、ationsSmooth Stains and contaminants are generally easilyremoved.Rough Dirt stains tend to penetrate deep into recesses.Provide additional water for pre-wetting and rinsing.Pressurized water cleaning is moreeffective than plain water.Sand finished andslurry coatedClean with plain or detergent water
43、and scrub brushusing light pressure. Do not use heavy scrubbingor pressurized cleaning.Glazed Most methods of cleaning are suitable. Do not useacid on glazed brick. Do not use metal cleaningtools or brushes. Avoid heavy scrubbing andpressurized cleaning.Mortar Color RecommendationsGray Most methods
44、of cleaning are suitable. Strongconcentrations of acid may etch or discolor mortarjoints.Pigmented Most acids tend to bleach colored mortars. Milddetergent solutions are generally recommended.Condition of Masonry RecommendationsSound surfaces andhard mortar jointsMost methods of cleaning are suitable.Crumbly surfaces andloose particlesSpecial care is required. Avoid pressurized cleaningmethods.D 5703 95 (2007)3
