1、Designation: D 5704 09An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability ofLubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and FinalDrive Axles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5704; the number immediately following the designat
2、ion indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is commonly refer
3、red to as the L-60-1test.2It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, anddeposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual trans-mission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected tohigh-temperature oxidizing conditions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regar
4、dedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsThe values stated in SI units for catalystmass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air floware to be regarded as
5、 standard.1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except wherethere is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads,or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its u
6、se. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warninginformation is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3B 2
7、24 Classification of CoppersD 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentio
8、metric TitrationD 893 Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating OilsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in theUnified Numbering System (UNS)2.2 ANSI Standard:4ANSI/ISA-S7.3 Quality Stand
9、ard for Instrument Air2.3 Military Specification:5MIL-L-2105D Lubricating Oil, Gear, Multipurpose2.4 ASTM Adjuncts:6Engineering Drawings3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 carbon, nin manual transmissions and final driveaxles, a hard, dry, generally black or gray deposit that can beremoved by solven
10、ts but not by wiping with a cloth.3.1.2 lubricant, nin manual transmission and final driveaxles, lubricating oil.3.1.3 sludge, nin manual transmissions and final driveaxles, a deposit principally composed of the lubricating oil andoxidation products that do not drain from parts but can beremoved by
11、wiping with a cloth.3.1.4 thermal and oxidative stability, nin lubricating oilsused for manual transmissions and final drive axles, a lack ofdeterioration of the lubricating oil under high-temperatureconditions that is observed as viscosity increase of the lubri-cating oil, insolubles formation in t
12、he lubricating oil, or depositformation on the parts, or a combination thereof.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants percent output adjustable.6.1.5
13、 ThermocouplesFor determination, recording, andcontrol of the test oil temperature, a18-in. (3.2 mm) Type Jopen-tip thermocouple is specified. Thermocouples for otherdata measurements may be used as suitable to the user but inall cases shall be placed behind the baffle plate in the gear boxassembly
14、and shall not interfere with normal oil flow patternsduring the test.6.1.6 Temperature Recorder, any suitable recording devicecapable of generating a temperature record using the specifiedthermocouples and temperature control devices. Temperaturetraces for tests shall be submitted with the test repo
15、rt.6.1.7 AlternatorThe alternator for loading is speci-fied.11,13No substitutions are allowed. Wiring for the alternatorshall be modified as shown in the engineering drawings.Modify the alternator load circuit as shown in Annex A7.6.1.8 Heater BlowerThe heater blower system shall sup-ply to the insu
16、lated oven assembly 29.5 6 5ft3/min (835 L/min6 142 L/min) of air (at free flow conditions) through the218-in. (54 mm) diameter blower opening as shown in theengineering drawings. The heater blower may be a cage typeblower wheel powered by an electric motor or powered by wayof a toothed belt from th
17、e main drive shaft.6.1.8.1 Confirm the heater blower system air flow at labo-ratory ambient conditions with a Preso Low Loss VenturiMeter11,14(2-in. model LPL-200NF-38) with carbon steelbody,14-in. NPT instrument connections and 2-in. 150-lb7Available from the American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L St
18、. NW, Washington,DC 20005.8Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02-1353.9Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.10The sole source of supply of Chromalox No. 118
19、-553661-505; 1500 W knownto the committee at this time is Anderson Bolos, Inc., 24050 Commerce Park Rd.,Cleveland, OH 44122-5838.11If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM Headquarters. Your comments will be given careful consideration at ameeting of the resp
20、onsible technical committee,1which you may attend.12The sole source of supply of the Ogden FD 1Z0895; 150 W known to thecommittee at this time is Ogden, 719 W. Algonquin Rd., Arlington Hts., OH.13The sole source of supply of the Delco-Remy GM Part No. 1105360, ModelNo. 10-SI Series Type 100, 63 A; 1
21、2 V negative ground known to the committee atthis time is S. E. Chevrolet Co., 2810 Bishop Rd; Willoughby Hills, OH 44092 orany other GM dealer.14The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis SW Controls Inc., 2525 East Royalton Road, Broadview Heights, OH 44147.D5
22、704092raised-face process connections and a Dwyer digital manom-eter,11,15part number 475-00-FM. Perform the verificationwith the heater elements turned off.6.1.8.2 Send the Preso Low Loss Venturi Meter togetherwith the Dwyer digital manometer to the specified calibrationlaboratory16for cleaning and
23、 calibration at least once a year.6.1.9 Air Flow ControllerThe air flow controller11,17shallbe capable of controlling the air supply at a flow rate of (22.086 2.01) mg/min (see Note 1).NOTE 1It has been suggested that 20 to 30 ft (6 m to 9 m) of supplyline between the air regulator and the mass air
24、flow meter may help toreduce flow meter readout fluctuations.6.1.10 Test Gears, one machine tool change gear (34 teeth,with a width of38-in. (9.5 mm) and one machine tool changegear (50 teeth, with a width of38-in. (9.5 mm).11,186.1.11 Test Bearing, ball bearing.11,196.1.12 O-ring Seals, O-ring for
25、the seal plate and O-ring forthe cover plate.11,196.1.13 Lip Seals, two Chicago Rawhide or SKF shaft oil lipseals, part number 6383, are required.11,196.1.14 Speedi-sleeve, two Chicago Rawhide or SKF speedi-sleeves, part number 99062, are required.11,196.1.15 Joint Radial Seal, two Chicago Rawhide o
26、r SKFjoint radial (V-ring) seals, part number 400164, are re-quired.11,196.1.16 Gear Holder Apparatus, used to hold the test gearsduring preparation (Annex A9).6.2 All new equipment shall be constructed in accordancewith the engineering drawings available as an adjunct fromASTM Headquarters6in order
27、 to meet calibration require-ments. Builders unable to obtain specified parts and wishing touse substitutes shall request approval fromASTM Subcommit-tee D02.B0.03.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Air, compressed, instrument quality, meeting ANSI/ISA-S7.3, that limits dew point, maximum particle size, a
28、ndmaximum oil content of the air at the instrument.7.2 Copper Catalyst, cold-rolled, electrolytic tough pitchcopper, conforming to UNS (Unified Numbering System)C11000.11,12Shear the two strips from stock of thickness116-in. (1.6 mm) to approximately916 by 11316 in. (14 mm by46 mm).NOTE 2For more in
29、formation on the classification of coppers and theUnified Numbering System (UNS), consult Classification B 224 andPractice E 527, respectively.7.3 Organic Cleaning Agent.(WarningCombustible,health hazard (see Annex A3).)11,20,217.4 Silicon Carbide Paper, 180 grit.7.5 Solvent, Use only mineral spirit
30、s meeting the require-ments of Specification D 235, Type II, Class C for AromaticContent (0 to 2% vol), Flash Point (142F/61 C, min) andColor (not darker than +25 on Saybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-CoScale). (WarningCombustible. Health hazard.) Obtain aCertificate of Analysis for each batch of solvent fro
31、m thesupplier.)7.6 Toluene, commercial grade. (WarningFlammable.Health hazard.) An example of a satisfactory volatile hydro-carbon solvent.7.7 Heptane, commercial grade. (WarningFlammable.Health hazard.) An example of a satisfactory volatile hydro-carbon solvent.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Air Bo
32、x Temperature Limiting DeviceAfter initial riginstallation, preset the oven air temperature limit to 400F(204 C). This can be achieved by placing the insulated ovencover in position on the rig and installing the air temperaturesensor at a penetration depth of 3 in. (75 mm) below the topinner surface
33、 of the cover. Switch on the heaters and circulatingfan. Adjust the temperature control device to deactivate theheaters when the air temperature reaches 400F (204 C). Thisoven temperature limit may later be reduced as outlined in 10.3to meet rig heat-up requirements.8.2 Temperature Recording and Con
34、trollingInstrumentationSince this test procedure is extremely sensi-tive to temperature, it is necessary to maintain a periodic checkupon the accuracy of all items related to temperature measure-ment and control. Therefore, immediately after the installationof a new test rig, and before every set of
35、 reference tests, theinstrumentation used to measure and record the air and oiltemperatures shall be calibrated against known standardstraceable to NIST.22For instance, the oil temperature thermo-couple and indicating controller shall be calibrated. This can beaccomplished by immersing the tip of th
36、e probe into anauxiliary temperature-controlled oil bath equipped with astirrer. The bath temperature shall be set accurately at 325F(162.8 C) and the test measuring equipment shall be con-firmed to be accurate prior to testing.8.3 Gear CaseUsing the organic cleaning agent (see 7.3),clean the gear c
37、ase, vent tube, vent tube baffle, retainerbushings, seal sleeves, case cover plate, seal plate, nuts, studs,flat washers, baffle plate, spacer bushings, bearing bushingsand clamp, keys, shaft ends, shaft nuts, and catalysts. Nylonbristle brushes, steel brushes, and long pipe cleaners can beused to a
38、id cleaning. Do not use any copper or copper-containing brushes or material as a cleaning medium. Follow-ing the cleaning procedure with an organic cleaning agent,15The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis JF Good Company, 11200 Madison Ave., Cleveland, OH 441
39、02.16Bowser-Morner, 4518 Taylorsville Rd., Dayton, OH 45424.17The sole source of supply of the Air Flow Controller Model 840-L-1 knownto the committee at this time is Sierra Instruments, Inc., 5 Harris Court, Bldg. L,Monterey, CA 93940.18The sole source of supply of the GA-34 and GA-50 gears known t
40、o thecommittee at this time is Boston Gear Works, 14 Hayward St., Quincy, MA 02171.19The sole source of supply of the R-14 10 ball bearing, No. 2-153 (seal plateO-ring), No. 2-264 (cover plate O-ring), 6383 seals, 400164 seals, and 99062speedi-sleeves known to the committee at this time is Motion In
41、dustries, 4620Hinckley Parkway, Cleveland, OH 44109.20The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Oakite Products, Inc., 13177 Huron River Dr., Romulus, MI 48174.21The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Pentone Corp., 74
42、Hudson Ave., Tenafly, NJ 07670.22National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly National Bureau ofStandards), Gaithersburg, MD 20899.D5704093wash parts thoroughly with cleaning solvent (see 7.5), andfinally with a volatile hydrocarbon solvent (see 7.6 or 7.7), tofacilitate air drying. Allo
43、w parts to air dry.8.4 Test GearsThoroughly clean the test gears with clean-ing solvent (see 7.5). Carefully examine the gear teeth for nicksand burrs. Do not use gears with major imperfections. Redressminor gear teeth imperfections with a fine stone or file. Afterfinal examination, wash gears once
44、more with cleaning solventand finally with a volatile hydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate airdrying. Allow gears to air dry.8.4.1 Prepare each gear with one piece of Screen-Kut siliconcarbide C-180 paper.11,23Use one side of the silicon carbidepaper to prepare one side of a gear. Use the opposite sid
45、e of thesilicon carbide paper to prepare the opposite side of the gear.Place a piece of silicon carbide paper on a solid surface that hasa thickness greater than or equal to12 in. (12.7 mm). Saturatethe entire silicon carbide paper with cleaning solvent (see 7.5).Sand both sides of the test gears, w
46、ith the required gear holderapparatus (6.1.16) on the silicon carbide paper, using a figureeight motion. Do not apply a downward force to the gearholder while sanding. Sand the gears until the manufacturersmachining marks are removed. Prepare the test gears prior tothe catalyst. A third sheet of sil
47、icon carbide paper may be usedto prepare the catalyst strips. After final examination, washgears once more with cleaning solvent (see 7.5) and finallywith a volatile hydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate air drying.Allow gears to air dry. If the gears are not to be usedimmediately, wrap them in a paper
48、 towel and Nox-Rustpaper.11,24Start the test within 24 h after polishing is com-pleted.8.4.2 Discard the test gears if not used within 24 h.8.5 Test BearingPrior to installation, wash the test bearingfirst with cleaning solvent (see 7.5), and finally with a volatilehydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate
49、 drying. Allow the bearing toair dry.8.6 Copper Catalyst:8.6.1 Notch one strip for purpose of identification. Thenotch shall be triangular in shape centered on the long side ofthe strip. Sides of the triangular notch shall be equal andapproximately 0.2 in. (approximately 5 mm) in length.8.6.2 Polish both catalyst strips on all six sides with a 180-grit silicon carbide paper.8.6.3 Wipe both catalyst strips with absorbent cotton padsmoistened with cleaning solvent (see 7.5), and wash with avolatile hydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate drying. Allow cata-
