1、Designation: D 5767 95 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Test Methods forInstrumental Measurement of Distinctness-of-Image Glossof Coating Surfaces1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5767; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the measurement of thedistinctness-of-image (DOI) gloss of co
3、ating surfaces usingelectro-optical measuring techniques. The coatings must beapplied to planar rigid surfaces. The scale values obtained fromthe alternative methods cited do not agree.1.2 Three test methods are covered as follows:1.2.1 Test Method AGloss reflectance factor measure-ments are made on
4、 the specimen at the specular viewing angleand at an angle slightly off the specular viewing angle. Thevalues obtained are combined to provide a DOI value. Verynarrow source and receptor aperture angles are used in themeasurements.1.2.2 Test Method BThe light through a small slit isprojected on the
5、specimen surface and its reflected imageintensity is measured through a sliding combed shutter toprovide a value of image clarity.1.2.3 Test Method CThe light through a pattern is pro-jected on the specimen surface and its reflected image intensityis measured directly to provide a value of image cla
6、rity.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use
7、.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 523 Test Method for Specular GlossD 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD 2457 Test Method for Specular Gloss of Plastic Films andSolid PlasticsD 3964 Practice for Selection of Coati
8、ng Specimens forAppearance MeasurementsD 4039 Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-GlossSurfacesE 284 Terminology of AppearanceE 430 Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Goniophotometry2.2 Other Standards:ISO 10216 Anodized Aluminum and Aluminum AlloysInstrumental Deter
9、mination of Image Clarity of AnodicOxidation CoatingsInstrumental Method33. Terminology3.1 Terms and Definitions in Terminology E 284 are appli-cable to these methods.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 distinctness-of-image gloss, naspect of gloss char-acterized by the sharpness of images of objects produced byr
10、eflection at a surface. E 2843.2.1.1 DiscussionThis quality is sometimes called ImageClarity.3.2.2 gloss reflectance factor, Rs, nratio of the specularlyreflected part of the (whole) flux reflected from the specimen tothe flux reflected from a specified gloss standard under thesame geometric and spe
11、ctral conditions of measurements.E 2843.2.2.1 DiscussionThe gloss standard may be a blackglass or mirror and may be assigned one of a variety of scalevalues as specified.3.2.3 specular angle, nthe angle of reflection equal andopposite to the angle of incidence. E 2841This test method is under the ju
12、risdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1999 a
13、s D 5767 95 (1999).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standard
14、s Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.TABLE 1 Angles and Dimensions of Source Image andReceptorsDimensions ofSource Image atSample Plane, Dimensions of theViewed Area atSample Plane, Dimensions ofthe ViewedArea DOI, Center of window 20 or 30 20 or 30 0.3 6 0.1WidthA0.44 0.
15、38 0.14LengthB7.0 4.0 4.0AIn plane of the angle of reflection.BAcross the plane of the angle of reflection.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Significance and Use4.1 An important aspect of the appearance of glossy coa
16、tingsurfaces is the distinctness (clarity) of images reflected bythem. The values obtained by the measuring procedures givenin these methods generally correlate well with visual ratings forDOI (image clarity).44.2 Although Test Methods D 523 and D 4039 are useful incharacterizing some aspects of glo
17、ssy appearance, they do notprovide satisfactory ratings for DOI (image clarity).4.3 The measurement conditions given conform to theconditions specified in Test Methods E 430.4.4 The measurement conditions given in Test Methods Band C conform to the conditions specified in ISO Standard#10216.4.5 The
18、scale values obtained with the measuring proce-dures of these methods range from 0 to 100 with a value of 100representing perfect DOI (image clarity).4.6 The DOI (image clarity) scale value does not of itself,indicate any specific cause for reduction in reflected imagesharpness. Surface irregulariti
19、es such as haze, orange peel, andwrinkle, when present, may be cited as causes for reduction ofimage sharpness.5. Preparation and Selection of Test Specimens5.1 These test methods do not cover techniques for thepreparation of test specimens. Whenever preparation of testspecimens is required, use one
20、 of the procedures given inPractices D 823. Selection of specimens for measurementshould be done in accordance with Practice D 3964.6. Correlation of Results of Test Methods A, B and C toVisual Perception of Image Distinction of CoatingSurfaces6.1 An analysis of the results of a round robin conducte
21、d byTask Group D 01.26.11 demonstrates the level of correlationbetween instruments currently included in these test methodsand with visual perception.4TEST METHOD A7. Apparatus7.1 Abridged Goniophotometer or Gonioreflectometer,which can be set to the beam and aperture angles indicated inTable 1.7.1.
22、1 Geometric ConditionsThe axis of the incident beamshall be 20 or 30 from the perpendicular to the specimensurface. Provisions shall be made so that receptor settings willbe at the specular angle and at an angle of 0.2 to 0.4 off thespecular angle. Suitable angular dimensions of the image of thesour
23、ce aperture and angular dimensions of the receptor aper-tures are given in Table 1.7.1.2 Spectral ConditionsThe measurement shall be madewith visible radiation (light) to give results in accordance withthe CIE spectral luminous efficiency.7.1.3 PolarizationThe incident flux shall be unpolarizedand t
24、he receptor shall be insensitive to the state of polarizationof the reflected luminous flux.8. Reference Standards8.1 Primary StandardHighly polished, planar black glasswith a refractive index of 1.567 for the Sodium D Line shall beassigned a Gsvalue of 100 on the instrument reading scale.8.2 Workin
25、g Standard (Intermediate-Scale Standard)Highly polished, planar black glass with a refractive indexclose to 1.527 may be used as a standard if its assigned valuehas been established by measurement against the primarystandard or by computation from its refractive index using theFresnel equation.8.2.1
26、 It shall be assigned a scale value of Gs= 89.4 for aspecular angle of 30, or Gs= 89.2 for a specular angle of 20.NOTE 1Each 0.01 increment in index of refraction produces a changeof approximately 3 units in the assigned scale value of polished blackglass for 20 geometry and a change of approximatel
27、y 2.5 units in theassigned scale value for 30 geometry.NOTE 2To determine the scale value, calculate the first surface(Fresnel) reflectance (see Test Method D 2457, 5.1) for nD= 1.567 and thespecular angle of interest; for 30 it is 5.0436 % and for 20 it is 4.90 %.Assign this a scale value of 100 (s
28、ee Test Method D 523, 7.1). Repeat thecalculation for nD= 1.527 and the same specular angle; the result for 30is 4.5069 % and for 20, 4.3769 %. The new scale value for 30 is100 3 (4.5069/5.0436) = 89.4, and for 20, 100 3 (4.3769/4.9078) = 89.2. (The latter figure is identical to that given in Test M
29、ethodD 523 for the same angle.)8.3 Verification StandardsDepolished opaque black glassand ceramic tile having uniform, planar surfaces are suitablewhen calibrated against a primary or working standard on anabridged goniophotometer or gonioreflectometer known tomeet the requirements of Test Method A.
30、9. Standardization of Apparatus9.1 Adjust the instrument to read the assigned scale value ofthe polished black glass standard. Take readings on verificationstandards whose assigned values cover the range of theinstrument scale. The readings of the verification standardsshould agree within 61 unit of
31、 their assigned values.10. Procedure10.1 Position the specimen on the instrument. Place a clampor weight on the specimen to flatten it. Take a reading, Rs,atthespecular angle. Without moving the specimen, take a reading,Ros, at a receptor angle of 0.2 to 0.4 off the specular angle.10.2 Repeat this p
32、rocedure on at least two other areas of thespecimen.10.3 Take readings on the standards at the end of the seriesof specimen readings to ensure that the instrument has re-mained in calibration throughout the operation.11. Calculation11.1 Combine the specular angle reading, Rs, with the offspecular re
33、ading, Ros, as follows:DOI 5 1 2 Ros/Rs!# 3 100 (1)NOTE 3Some instruments perform this calculation internally and4Supporting data are available from ASTM International Headquarters. RequestRR: D01-1092.D 5767 95 (2004)2provide a direct reading of DOI.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:1
34、2.1.1 Rs,12.1.2 Ros,12.1.3 Mean DOI,12.1.4 Incident angle used, and12.1.5 Instrument used.Fig. 113. Precision and Bias13.1 PrecisionPrecision data are not available. When aninterlaboratory test has been conducted, precision statementswill be established from the test results.13.2 BiasBias cannot be
35、determined because there is noaccepted reference procedure for determining true values.TEST METHOD B14. Apparatus14.1 Image Clarity Meter, consisting of a light source, asliding combed shutter, a photo-receiver, and a device foranalyzing image intensities (see Fig. 1).14.2 PrincipleThe light through
36、 a small slit is projectedon the specimen surface, and its reflected image intensitythrough a sliding combed shutter is measured.14.3 Geometric ConditionsThe axis of the incident beamshall be 60 from the perpendicular to the specimen surface,and the photo-receiver shall be at the mirror reflection o
37、f theaxis of the incident beam. The source slit is 0.1 6 0.02 mm inwidth, and the photo-receiver shall receive a reflected imagethrough a combed shutter of 18 slits of 7.5 mm in width.DIMENSIONS HA-ICMASlit0.1 mmBLight Angle22CSlit/Lens Dist.50 mmDLensf 50mmELens/Test Spec. Dist.50 mmFTest Spec./Len
38、s Dist.50 mmGLensf 50 mmHLens/Com. Shut. Dist.50 mmILight Angle22JShut./Slit Length10 mmKShut./Slit Width0.5 mmLShut./Slit Space0.5 mmFIG. 1 Testing Apparatus for Image Clarity MeasurementD 5767 95 (2004)3NOTE 4A more complete description of the spectral geometry of thisinstrument may be found in IS
39、O 10216.515. Reference Standards15.1 Primary StandardHighly polished, planar blackglass with refractive index of 1.567 for the Sodium D Lineshall be assigned a value of 100 on the instrumental scale.15.2 Working Standard (Intermediate-Scale Standard)Highly polished, planar black glass with refractiv
40、e index closeto 1.527 may be used as a standard if its assigned value hasbeen established by measurements against a primary standardor by computation from its refractive index using the Fresnelequation as follows:Gs 5 93.6 for 60 (2)NOTE 5Each 0.01 increment in index of refraction produces a changeo
41、f approximately 1.6 units in the assigned scale value of polished blackglass for 60 geometry.NOTE 6To determine the scale value, calculate the first surface(Fresnel) reflectance (see Test Method D 2457, 5.1) for nD= 1.567 and thespecular angle of interest; for 60 it is 10.0056 %.Assign this a scale
42、valueof 100 (see Test Method D 523, 7.1). Repeat the calculation for nD= 1.527and the same specular angle; the result for 60 is 9.3636 %. The new scalevalue for 60 is 100 3 (10.0056/9.3626) = 93.6. (This figure is identical tothat given in Test Method D 523 for the same angle.)15.3 Verification Stan
43、dardsDepolished opaque blackglass and ceramic tile having uniform, planar surfaces aresuitable when calibrated against a primary or working standardon an image clarity meter known to meet the requirements ofTest Method B.16. Standardization of Apparatus16.1 Adjust the apparatus to read the assigned
44、value of thepolished black working standard. Read the verification stan-dards whose assigned values lie within the range of theinstrument scale. The readings of the verification standardsshould agree within 61 unit of their assigned values.17. Procedure17.1 Place the specimen to be read on a flat su
45、rface.17.2 Place the apparatus on the specimen surface and readC, the value of image clarity. Take readings at three differentareas of the specimen surface.17.3 Take reading of the working standard at the end ofseries of specimen readings to ensure that the apparatus hasremained in calibration throu
46、ghout the operation.18. Calculation18.1 Calculate the image clarity value from the maximumand the minimum light intensities, which the photo-receivermeasures, using the following equation (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3):C 5M 2 mM 1 m3 100 (3)where:C = image clarity value, %,M = maximum light intensity, andm
47、 = minimum light intensity.18.2 When the test specimen has a completely flat andsmooth surface and the shutter is slid laterally, the reflectedimage of the slit at the sliding combed shutter passes com-pletely through the space of the comb, when the center of thecomb space coincides with the image.
48、This generates amaximum light intensity on the photo-receiver. When notcompletely flat and smooth, depending on the degree ofdispersion of the light, the image can not pass through thecomb completely, and generates a minimum light intensity.These maximum and minimum light intensities correspond toth
49、e image clarity.18.3 This calculation is performed internally by the instru-ment and a direct reading of C, the value of image clarity isprovided.19. Report19.1 Report the following information:19.1.1 Mean image clarity values, and19.1.2 Instrument used.5The sole source of supply of the meter Model HA-ICM, Image Clarity, knownto the committee at this time is Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd., 414, Shinjuku5chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160 Japan. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide this
