1、Designation: D5860 95 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forEvaluation of the Effect of Water Repellent Treatments onFreeze-Thaw Resistance of Hydraulic Cement MortarSpecimens1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、 year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining
3、 thecomparative effect of water repellent treatments on the freeze-thaw cycling of hydraulic cement mortar specimens.1.2 This test method is designed to compare the effective-ness of water repellent treatments under conditions of freezingand thawing only. This test method is intended as a laboratory
4、screening method for treatment selection and may not accu-rately reflect the performance of treated and untreated speci-mens in the field. This test method is not intended to duplicatefield conditions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parenthese
5、s are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations pr
6、ior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsE145 Specification for
7、Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 water repellent treatment, na transparent penetratingsealer or surface-applied treatment formulated for the purposeof protecting porous substrates by reducing the penetration ofliqui
8、d water.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Mortar specimens are treated with or immersed in awater repellent material, removed, and allowed to cure. Afterair drying, the treated specimens are weighed then subjected tovarious cycles of freezing and thawing. Periodic weighing andobservations are made to det
9、ermine weight loss and deleteriouseffects such as spalling and cracking.5. Apparatus5.1 Balance, having a capacity of not less than 400 g and asensitivity of 0.1 g.5.2 Corrosion-resistant Metal Pan, that is, aluminum, forimmersion of substrates.5.3 Weight per Litre (Gallon) Cup.5.4 Freezing Chamber,
10、 capable of maintaining 19.261.4C (2.5 6 2.5F).5.5 Forced Draft Oven, capable of maintaining 110 6 5C(230 6 9F).5.6 Stiff-nylon-bristled Brush.6. Test Materials6.1 50-mm (2-in.) mortar cubes greater than 28-days old,and prepared in accordance with procedures outlined in TestMethod C109/C109M, have b
11、een found suitable for this testmethod. These cubes should be brushed with a wire brush orlightly sand blasted to remove form oil or release agent beforeusing. Five test specimens will be used for each treatment, andfive untreated controls shall also be included for each test. Allcubes should come f
12、rom the same lot of material.NOTE 1Preferably, rather than make each cube individually, a largecake can be made. 25-mm (1-in.) should be cut off each face of the caketo remove any residual form release oil. Cubes are cut from the cake to1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D
13、01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.47 on Concrete, Stone and Masonry Treatments.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5860 95 (20
14、07).DOI: 10.1520/D5860-95R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 10
15、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1measure 50 by 50 by 50 mm (2 by 2 by 2 in.) to be used as mortarspecimens.6.2 Water repellent treatments.7. Procedure7.1 Dry the required number of specimens in a forced draftoven, as specified in Specification E145, f
16、or 24 h at 110C(230F) until 2 weighings at intervals of2hdonotdecrease inweight by more than 0.2 %. After drying, cool the testspecimens at 23 6 2C (73.5 6 3.5F) and a relative humidityof 50 6 5 % for 24 6 4h.7.2 For the specimens to be treated, measure the surfacearea of each test specimen to the n
17、earest 0.1-in.2and weigh tothe nearest 0.1 g. Record the weight of the uncoated testspecimens as W1.7.3 Coat five test specimens for each treatment being testedin accordance with manufacturers instructions, or at a spread-ing rate of 3.06 6 0.61 m2/L (125 6 25 ft2/gal). Therepellent(s) may be applie
18、d by brushing or immersion. Calcu-late the amount of material to be applied to obtain the specifiedcoverage after determining the density as g/mL = Kg/L(weight/gal) in accordance with the Test Method D1475.7.3.1 The weight of material needed for each cube can becalculated using the following equatio
19、n:G 5454 3 D 3 A144 3Spreading rate 125 ft2/gal!(1)where:D = density of the test material lb/gal,A = area of the test specimen in.2, andG = weight of test material needed to obtain desired spread-ing rate, g.7.4 Allow the treated test specimen to cure at 23 6 2C(73.5 6 3.5F) and a relative humidity
20、of 50 6 5 % for 7 days(or according to the manufacturers recommendations) on araised screen or rack to allow for sufficient ventilation aroundeach specimen.7.5 Weigh each treated and untreated specimen to 0.1 g andrecord the weight as W2.7.6 Place five treated specimens for each treatment and fiveun
21、treated specimens in a metal tray then add reagent water tothe tray to a depth of 12.7 mm (12 in.). Maintain at roomtemperature for 4 612 h and then place the tray in the freezingchamber for 20 6 1 h. Before placing in the freezing chamber,measure the water level, and, if necessary, add water tomain
22、tain the 12.7 mm (12 in.) depth. Reagent water used in thisprocedure shall be in accordance with Specification D1193.7.7 Remove tray(s) from the freezing chamber and set thetray(s) in a thawing tankcontaining water at roomtemperaturefor 4 612 h. Then remove the tray(s) and returnto the freezing cham
23、ber for 20 612 h. Make sure that thetray(s) are not completely immersed, but immersed enough tofacilitate thawing. Always measure water level before return-ing the tray to the freezing chamber and, if necessary, addwater to maintain the12-in. water depth.7.8 After the last freeze-thaw cycle of the n
24、ormal workweek, remove the specimens from the trays and store themover the weekend at room temperature. Following this periodof air drying, brush specimens with the stiff brush to remove allloose material. Inspect the specimens for cracking and spalling,and record the rating (see Table 1, Visual Rat
25、ing System).Weigh the specimens and record as W3. Calculate the change inweight of each specimen as percent of the original weight ofthe dried specimen to 0.1 g as follows:% change in weight 5W22 W3!W23100 (2)NOTE 2An initial weight increase may be seen with some specimensbefore failure takes place.
26、7.9 Continue freeze-thaw cycling as outlined in 7.6 through7.8 until completion of 50 cycles or complete failure, consid-ered to be a weight loss of 25 % or more.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Type and size of specimen used,8.1.2 Water repellent treatment used, spreading rate an
27、dmethod of application, or no treatment used (controls),8.1.3 Mean average change in weight as a percentage, foreach treatment and control group of five test specimens after 50cycles or complete failure,8.1.4 Description of any spalling, cracking or degradation inaddition to using the Visual Rating
28、System in Table 1,8.1.5 Number of cycles completed, and8.1.6 Any deviation from this procedure.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Precision and bias have not been developed on this testmethod at this time.10. Keywords10.1 freeze-thaw resistance; hydraulic cement mortar speci-mens; water repellent treatmentsTA
29、BLE 1 Visual Rating SystemRating Condition0 No spalling1 Fine cracks (less than or equal to 0.004 in. (0.01 cm)in width) visible on surface2 Heavy cracks (greater than 0.004 in. (0.01 cm) inwidth) visible on surface3 Heavy cracks visible on surface, with faces bulging4 Moderate spalling5 Severe spal
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